高中英語專項突破 完形填空 同、近義或者反義辨析能力

1、高中新課程完形填空的技能考查技能考查簡介 普通高中課程改革英語學(xué)科教學(xué)指導(dǎo)意見指出：高中英課程的總目標之一是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的綜合語言運用能力；語言技能和語言知識是綜合語言運用能力的基礎(chǔ)。并因此而著重提高學(xué)生用英語獲取信息、處理信息、分析問題和解決問題的能力，特別注重提高學(xué)生用英語進行思維和表達的能力；形成跨文化交際的意識和基本的跨文化交際能力。高中英語考試說明的命題要求明確指出：“完形填空考查學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力和詞匯的綜合運用能力，所選語言材料要有利于考生進行語篇分析，要保證本大題有較好的區(qū)分度。”因此，高考完形填空題這種題型的設(shè)置是檢驗課程實施效果的方法之一。該題形要求高中生必須具備快速

2、閱讀理解一篇抽去相當(dāng)數(shù)量詞匯文章的內(nèi)容領(lǐng)悟能力和分析推斷能力，綜合運用所學(xué)語法知識、詞匯辨析能力，常識和邏輯推理能力，和具有一定的跨文化交際意識和能力。具體考查技能如下：詞匯辨析能力：詞匯辨析能力的考查主要集中在名詞，動詞，形容詞和副詞上，選項往往以同義詞，近義詞，反義詞或拼寫相近容易混淆詞的形式出現(xiàn)。其中，由于篇章中會帶有作者主觀的意識，因此在形容詞或者副詞的考查上會出現(xiàn)感情色彩的辨析。同、近義或者反義辨析和感情色彩詞匯辨析能力（五）同、近義或者反義辨析同、近義詞或者反義詞：在閱讀完形填空的文章過程中，有時會發(fā)現(xiàn)一些與選項意義緊密相連的同義詞、近義詞、反義詞。因此，要學(xué)會充分利用這些詞提供的

3、有效信息進行合理的推測判斷，選出正確的答案e.g. (2013年福建) We have been driving in fog all morning, but the fog is lifting now. The little seaside village are 36 , one by one. Aappearing B. moving C. exposing D .expanding【解析】此題主要考查appear和 expose的近義詞的辨析。根據(jù)上文but the fog is lifting now，可知霧開始消散了，得知該句的所要表達的含義為“海邊的小村莊一個接著一個的顯露出

4、來。”， 可以直接排除move移動； expand 使膨脹。因expose 使暴露，一般用被動語態(tài)；appear 出現(xiàn)，顯露，沒有被動語態(tài)，得出正確答案為A。一、小試牛刀：1、He then walked_ 42_without even finishing his food.42. A. on B. around C. up D. away 2、She often sees double and cant 38 how far away things are.38. A. tellB. guessC. assumeD. predict3、That morning, however, the

5、process didn't 20 quickly.20. A. goB. beginC. occurD. change4、“You shouldnt 24 what people say about what you look like because were not different from anyone else, Holly,”24A. write downB. agree withC. pass on D. listen to5、She is presently at level 7 while the highest is level 10 in gymnastics

6、. Her 52 is to reach level 9.52. A. standardB. rangeC. viewD. goal【答案解析】1、【解析】D。動詞短語辨析。He then walked_without even finishing his food（甚至沒有吃完食物，然后他就走了）walk away 走開。walk on 繼續(xù)走，walk around四處走， walk up往上走，均不符合語境。2、【解析】A。動詞辨析。tell辨別；判定， guess 猜測；推測； assume假設(shè)，假定；predict 預(yù)言，預(yù)測。根據(jù)上文的see double看東西都是雙影，指明Lol

7、a Walter不能辨別事物的距離。A為正確選項。3、【解析】A。動詞辨析。事情進展如何，常用動詞go，而不用begin, occur, change。4、【解析】D。短語詞義辨析。根據(jù)what people say about（人們說什么），可知是不要聽，因此選項D正確。A. write sown 記下B. agree with 同意C. pass on 傳遞，均不符合語境。5、【解析】D。名詞辨析。她的目標是達到體操九級。standard 標準； range 范圍； view 視圖風(fēng)景；goal 目標，均不符合語境。二、基礎(chǔ)鞏固：1、 46 the hill and across the

8、valley, she rode to the 47 of the golden house.46. A. OverB. DownC. AroundD. Beside47. A. windowsB. stepsC. centerD. gate2、He was turning to leave when suddenly he   39   a hot breath about his ear. 39. A. took    B. released   C. felt   D. drew

9、3、Then through the hospital I was 21 to a childrens burns camp, where children like me can get any help. There, I 22 14-year-old Stephanie, whose burns are a lot more serious than mine.21A. promotedB .introducedC. reportedD. carried22A. metB. recognizedC. rememberedD. caught4、Such is Dadwhether prob

10、lem he 25 , he never gives up. 25. A. meets withB. brings up C. works outD. thinks about5、When I was just 20 months old, I suffered serious 13 after a bowl full hot oil fell on my head.13 A. hungerB .coldC. defeatsD. burns【答案解析】1、【解析】B?？疾榻樵~的辨析。A. Over 通過，B. Down 向下，C. Around，周圍，D. Beside在旁邊。由 “ acro

11、ss the valley”和“ rode tohouse”騎車得先下山，才能穿過山谷，騎回家。故答案是B。2、【解析】C。考查動詞辨析。A. took 帶走，B. released 釋放，D. drew 拉。根據(jù)本句a hot breath about his ear. 可推知本空C項felt  正確。，均不符合語境。3、【解析】A。考查動詞辨析。A. met 遇到，B. recognized 認出，C. remembered記起，D. caught 抓住。根據(jù)前句可知作者去了一個兒童燒傷營，所以，她在那里應(yīng)該是遇到了一個女孩，因此可知選項A正確。4、【解析】A

12、。考查動詞短語辨析。 A. meets with遇見，B. brings up帶大，C. works out算出，D. thinks about考慮。本句意思是：無論他“遇到”什么難題，他都不會放棄。四個選項的意思分別是：遇到，撫養(yǎng)，解出（難題），考慮，只有選項A符合句意。5、【解析】。考查名詞辨析。A. hunger 饑餓，B .cold 寒冷，C. defeats失敗，D. burns燒傷。根據(jù)a bowl full hot oil fell on my head，可知作者受的是燙傷，因此D選項正確。三、能力提高：1、By bad luck, my purse strap(帶子) got

13、28 on a chair and the tray(托盤) that I was holding slipped 29 my hands and went flying in the air.29. A. by B. in C. from D. out2、With my suitcase _36_ and some sandwiches in a bag, I started for the front door and said to Mom, “ Im leaving.”36. A. packedB .returnedC. cleanedD. repaired3、She 53 and a

14、ll of a sudden she saw an amazing 54 . There on the other side of the valley was a little house and its windows were golden.53. A. turned around B. cheered up C. settled down D. dropped in54. A. hillB. valleyC. backgroundD. sight4、I went to a group activity, “Sensitivity Sunday”, which was to make u

15、s more 36 the problems faced by disabled people. 36. A. curious about B. interested in C. aware of D. careful with5、Her biggest 44 is the balance beam. Because she has double vision, she often sees tow beams.44. A. doubtB. advantageC. challengeD. program【答案解析】1、【解析】C?？疾榻樵~辨析。A. by 在.旁邊， B. in在里面，C. f

16、rom從， D. out在外。本題的關(guān)鍵詞是slip“滑脫，滑掉”。句子的前半部分The tray that I was holding (我端著的托盤)，因此，本句想表達的是：托盤從我的手中滑落飛了出去。故選擇C項。2、【解析】A?？疾閯釉~辨析。根據(jù)詞匯的意義解題。packed“包裝，打包”；returned“返回；報答”; cleaned“使干凈”; repaired“修理”. pack suitcase 意為“收拾好行李箱”。3、【解析】A?？疾閯釉~短語辨析。A. turned around 轉(zhuǎn)身， B. cheered up 鼓勵， C. settled down 定居下來， D. d

17、ropped in拜訪。根據(jù)下文提示解題。下文提到There on the other side of the valley可知這里指“小女孩轉(zhuǎn)過身，回頭看”，所以選擇A。4、【解析】C。考查形容詞短語辨析。A. curious about對好奇，B. interested in對.感興趣，C. aware of 意識到D. careful with 對小心仔細。根據(jù)句意：活動的目的是為了讓參與者更多地了解和感受殘疾人所面臨的問題，故選C。5、【解析】C。考查名詞的辨析。doubt懷疑，疑惑；advantage 優(yōu)勢；有利條件； challenge 挑戰(zhàn)； progress進步；前進。下一句提

18、到因為她視覺有重影，會看到兩根平衡木，所以，平衡木對她是最大的挑戰(zhàn)。故選擇。四、終極挑戰(zhàn)：1、I came upon a shabby house four miles up a winding mountain road 40 the Potomac River in West Virginia.40. A. atB. throughC. overD. round2、Farmer Mikes house had been a great place for the little mouse   35   the farmer married a wif

19、e who had a cat. Zigfried   36   when he thought of it.35. A. although   B. until   C. whereas   D. unless36. A. leapt  B. sniffed  C. trembled  D. withdrew3、In my application letter, I was careful to 21 how much I wanted to see France

20、; evidently, my excitement really came through in my words.21. A. discussB. expressC. announceD. argue4、There are four of us now in the house, but over time Ive had nine people come in and move on to other places. Wed all be in 54 if we hadnt banded together.54. A. yards B. sheltersC. campsD. cottages5、He always puts our happiness 32 his own, and never fails to cheer me on at my sports games 33 his exhaustion after long days.32. A. after B. beforeC. besideD. under33. A. in spite ofB. in terms ofC. in control ofD. in place of【答案解析】1、【解析】C?？疾榻樵~辨析。A. at 在B. through穿過C. over 越過D. round