動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)I

1、一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時一般過去時一般將來時一般將來時過去將來時過去將來時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時過去完成時將來完成時將來完成時現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時過去進行時將來進行時將來進行時現(xiàn)在完成進行現(xiàn)在完成進行過去完成進行過去完成進行時態(tài)時態(tài)動詞時態(tài)有哪些？動詞時態(tài)有哪些？ 主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時does/ doam/is/are done一般過去時一般過去時did/was, werewas/were done一般將來時一般將來時will/shall do; 其他其他will be done, 過去將來時過去將來時would do; 其他其他would be do

2、ne現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時have/has donehave/has been done過去完成時過去完成時had donehad been done將來完成時將來完成時Will have doneWill have been done現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are doingam/is/are being done過去進行時過去進行時was/were doingwas/were being done現(xiàn)在完成進行現(xiàn)在完成進行 have/has been doing 過去完成進行過去完成進行 had been doing 2000-2008 全國各地高考題單選時態(tài)語態(tài)分布全國各地高考題單選

3、時態(tài)語態(tài)分布 主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時146一般過去時4910一般將來時102過去將來時現(xiàn)在完成時3010過去完成時287將來完成時21現(xiàn)在進行時175過去進行時202將來進行時1現(xiàn)在完成進行4 過去完成進行3時態(tài)和語態(tài)的主要考點時態(tài)和語態(tài)的主要考點 1.重點考查的時態(tài)為：重點考查的時態(tài)為：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、現(xiàn)一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、現(xiàn)在進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時。在進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時。2.辨別三組時態(tài)的能力：一般過去時辨別三組時態(tài)的能力：一般過去時vs現(xiàn)在完成時；現(xiàn)在完成時；一般過去時一般過去時vs過去完成時；一般過去時過去完成時；一般過去時vs過去進行時過去進行時

4、3.主動語態(tài)表示被動含義。主動語態(tài)表示被動含義。動詞時態(tài)怎么考？動詞時態(tài)怎么考？1、單項選擇、單項選擇2、單詞拼寫、單詞拼寫3、改錯、改錯4、書面表達、書面表達考什么考什么？動詞時態(tài)怎么答？動詞時態(tài)怎么答？ 慧眼識別慧眼識別標志詞標志詞 主從時態(tài)主從時態(tài)須呼應(yīng)須呼應(yīng) 瞻前顧后瞻前顧后巧搭配巧搭配 仔細體會仔細體會明語境明語境一一. 一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時1. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific. (call) (05遼寧遼寧)is called2. I _ ping-p

5、ong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. (01NMET,30) A. will play B. have played C. played D. play D3.Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 _ off at 18:20.A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken A什么情況下用什么情況下用一般現(xiàn)在時？一般現(xiàn)在時？考點：考點：1. 表示表示公認的公認的事實真理和客觀存在及事實真理和客觀存在及普遍

6、現(xiàn)象普遍現(xiàn)象。2. 表示表示習(xí)慣性習(xí)慣性，經(jīng)常性的動作或日?；顒咏?jīng)常性的動作或日?；顒?。3. 表示表示按時間表按時間表擬定或安排好的事情，或要發(fā)生擬定或安排好的事情，或要發(fā)生的動作。的動作。 標志詞標志詞： often, usually, occasionally, generally, sometimes, always, never, seldom, rarely, every day, once a year, on Sundays4.(03北京春北京春,26) -When will you come to see me, Dad?-I will go to see you when y

7、ou _ the training course. will have finished B. will finish C. are finishing D. finish 5. If their marketing plans succeed, they _ their sales by 20 percent. (全國卷全國卷II) will increase B. have been increasing C. Have increased D. would be increasedDAWhen If 考點考點4. 用于用于時間條件時間條件狀語從句狀語從句標志詞標志詞:條件狀語句：條件狀語

8、句：in case, as/so long as, providingprovided （that), unless, if等等 時間狀語：時間狀語：before, after, tilluntil, once, as soon as, while, by the time， the moment/minute, immediately等等注意：注意：Please be seated if you will.Will 用于條件句中表示用于條件句中表示 “ 意愿意愿”二二. 一般過去時一般過去時考點考點 表示過去具體時間發(fā)生的動作或行為，表示過去具體時間發(fā)生的動作或行為， 常與表常與表示示過去時

9、間的狀語過去時間的狀語或或狀語從句狀語從句連用。連用。 敘述一動作或狀態(tài)在敘述一動作或狀態(tài)在過去持續(xù)了一段時間過去持續(xù)了一段時間后終止，后終止， 或在過去某段時間發(fā)生了若干次?；蛟谶^去某段時間發(fā)生了若干次。 說話人沒有說話人沒有料到，想到或希望料到，想到或希望的事。的事。1.虛擬中表示虛擬中表示過去真實過去真實的情況。的情況。標志詞：標志詞： last night, yesterday, ago, the other day, at that time/moment, in 2007, just nowwhen, as, 引導(dǎo)的過去時間狀語從句引導(dǎo)的過去時間狀語從句1.If the weath

10、er had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it _ all day.(08全國全國)A. Is raining B. has rained C. rains D. rained 2. - Hello, Jim, I _ to see you today. Sonia said you _. - Oh, Im OK. didnt expect; were B. dont expect; were C. havent expected; are D. am not expecting; are 3. The discussion _ a

11、live when an interesting topic was brought in.(04 浙江浙江) was coming B. had come C. has come D. came 4. My cousin went to Canada two years ago. He _ there for a few months and then went to America.A.A. worked B. would work C. would be working DADA三三. 一般將來時一般將來時考點考點 將來發(fā)生的將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用will

12、/ shall +動詞動詞(可以由人的意愿控制左右可以由人的意愿控制左右) 根據(jù)自然規(guī)律根據(jù)自然規(guī)律必然注定會發(fā)生必然注定會發(fā)生1.主觀推測主觀推測或大概會發(fā)生?；虼蟾艜l(fā)生。(I guess/ think/ expect)標志詞標志詞: next time, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in the future, this afternoon, later構(gòu)成構(gòu)成:will /shall do be going to do be about to do be to do1.(00NMET)- Youve left the light on.- Oh,

13、 do I have. _ and turn it off.A. Ill go B. Ive gone C. I go D. Im goingA2. Population experts predict that most people _ in cities in the near future.A. Live B. would live C. will live D have livedC三三. 一般將來時一般將來時基本構(gòu)成基本構(gòu)成：will/shall + do Be going to do Be doing Be to do Be about to do 標志詞標志詞: next ti

14、me, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in the future, this afternoon, later1.You will feel better after taking this medicine.2. I promise I will pay you back.shall/will do 一表示一表示“預(yù)見預(yù)見” 二表示二表示“意圖意圖”， 決定，決心決定，決心等等3. He is going to be a doctor when he grows up.4. Look at these black clouds- there is goi

15、ng to be a storm.Be going to do 一一. 打算在打算在最近的將來或?qū)碜罱膶砘驅(qū)磉M行某事，主語的意圖，進行某事，主語的意圖，計劃，安排。計劃，安排。主觀性較強主觀性較強。二二. 表示現(xiàn)在已有表示現(xiàn)在已有跡象表明跡象表明將要發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生某種將要發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生某種情況。情況。5. We are leaving on Friday.Be doing 按照計劃，安排即將發(fā)生的動作，肯定按照計劃，安排即將發(fā)生的動作，肯定的安排，的安排，說話之前已經(jīng)決定，很少改變說話之前已經(jīng)決定，很少改變。常見詞，。常見詞，go, come, leave, start, arrive

16、 6.Where are we to stay tonight?7. The Queen is to visit Japan next year.8. Tell her shes not to be back late.be to do 表示表示計劃約定計劃約定即將發(fā)生。即將發(fā)生。見于報紙廣播，用以見于報紙廣播，用以宣布官方的計劃或決定宣布官方的計劃或決定。表示表示命令，禁止或可能性命令，禁止或可能性用于條件句中表示用于條件句中表示“想要想要”9.If you are to succeed, you should be diligent.Come on! The party is about

17、to start soon.be about to do 表示客觀就要發(fā)生的事，表示客觀就要發(fā)生的事，眼下馬上就發(fā)生眼下馬上就發(fā)生。Be about to do when （固定句型）（固定句型）I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.四四. 現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時 Listen to the two girls by the window. What language _? (05 全國全國) did they speak B. were they speaking C. are they speaking D. have they b

18、een speakingC2.(05 湖南湖南) Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money. phone B. will phone A.C. were phoning D. are phoningD考點考點 表示表示說話時正在進行說話時正在進行的動作或狀態(tài)的動作或狀態(tài) 標志詞標志詞: now, right, at this moment, 上下文語境上下文語境(look, listen)1.2. 表示表示現(xiàn)階段

19、一直從事這件工作現(xiàn)階段一直從事這件工作或或本階段特定本階段特定的計劃安排的計劃安排，但不一定發(fā)生在講話時，但不一定發(fā)生在講話時3.Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seatbelts. The plane_. (06福建福建,24) takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off考點考點3 come/go/leave/arrive/start/get/stay /begin/finish 等可用現(xiàn)在進行時表示等可用現(xiàn)在進行時表示即將即將發(fā)生的發(fā)生的動作。動作。B4 那個男孩總是愛惹麻

20、煩。那個男孩總是愛惹麻煩?？键c考點4常與常與always, continually, constantly等動詞連用。等動詞連用。這種用法這種用法常表示說話人的某種感情常表示說話人的某種感情，如贊揚，遺，如贊揚，遺憾，討厭或不滿等。憾，討厭或不滿等。 That boy is always making trouble.五五. 過去進行時過去進行時考點考點: 過去某一時刻過去某一時刻正在進行的動作。正在進行的動作。 標志詞：標志詞：then, at that moment, this time yesterday, 上下文語境上下文語境 2.過去過去某一時間段一直發(fā)生的動作某一時間段一直發(fā)生的動

21、作. all the time, for a whole day/ morning (翻譯成翻譯成 “一直做一直做來來著著 ”)1.3.某一動作發(fā)生時另一個動作正在發(fā)生，即某一動作發(fā)生時另一個動作正在發(fā)生，即兩個兩個動作同時進行著動作同時進行著。 其中一個常用在其中一個常用在when, while, as 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中1.- Whats wrong with your coat?- Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me _ on it. (05 重慶重慶) A. sat B. ha

22、d sat C. had been sitting D. was sitting2. - Did you see a man in blank pass by just now? - No, sir. I _ a news paper.(07四川四川) A. Read B. was reading C. would reading D. am reading3. I called Anna many times yesterday evening, but I couldnt get through. Her brother _ (talk)on the phone all the time.

23、 (08湖南湖南) CBwas talking六六. 將來進行時將來進行時考點考點:將來將來某一時刻或時間某一時刻或時間正在進行的動作正在進行的動作。 通常表示通常表示較近的以安排好的事，人們正期待著發(fā)生。較近的以安排好的事，人們正期待著發(fā)生。標志詞：標志詞：at this time tomorrow, at 10 oclock tomorrow 上下文語境上下文語境At his time tomorrow we _ (fly) over the Atlantic. (03 北京北京)will be flying 七七. 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時考點：考點：1.表示動作已經(jīng)完成，強調(diào)表示動作已經(jīng)完

24、成，強調(diào)發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在還有影響。還有影響。2.某一時刻開始的動作或狀態(tài)到某一時刻開始的動作或狀態(tài)到現(xiàn)在可能停止，現(xiàn)在可能停止，也可能繼續(xù)下去。也可能繼續(xù)下去。3. 時間條件從句時間條件從句中，現(xiàn)在完成代替將來完成中，現(xiàn)在完成代替將來完成標志詞：標志詞：already，yet，by this time, just，ever，never， now, before, lately, since, for , all my life, up to now, in/over/ during the past/last few years p139 1. (04 廣西廣西) -The

25、 window was dirty.- I know. It _ for weeks. A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned2. I got caught in the rain and my suit _ Has ruined B had ruined A.C.Has been ruined D. had been ruined 3-_ leave at the end of this month.- I dont think you should do that until _ anot

26、her job. (06 北京北京) A.Im going to; youd found B. Ill; youll find C. Im going to; youve found D. Ill; youd findCCD4. She _ Robert for a year.(全國全國) A.married B. married with C. has got married to D. has been married to考點考點4：短暫時間動作：短暫時間動作(非延續(xù)性動詞非延續(xù)性動詞)的完成時的完成時不不與與for, since等表示一段時間的短語連用等表示一段時間的短語連用.非延續(xù)性

27、動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時間的非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時間的狀語連用。即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。狀語連用。即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。I have received his letter for a month.I havent received his letter for almost a month. D考點考點5：用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句型用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句型 1)It is the first / second time. that It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the thir

28、d time that the boy had been late.2)This/ That is the best/only/ most that結(jié)構(gòu)，結(jié)構(gòu)，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時.This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 八八. 過去完成時過去完成時考點：考點： 1. 表示表示過去過去某一動作或時刻發(fā)生某一動作或時刻發(fā)生之前之前，另一動另一動作早已完成作早已完成。 這個過去的時刻常用時間狀語來這個過去的時刻常用時間狀語來表示，也可以是一個過去的動作或上下文。即過表示，也可以是一個過去的動作或上下文。即過去的時間內(nèi)兩個動作

29、一先一后，去的時間內(nèi)兩個動作一先一后，先發(fā)生的過去完先發(fā)生的過去完成，后發(fā)生的一般過去。成，后發(fā)生的一般過去。標志詞：標志詞：by , by the end, by the time，before, since+過去時間短語或動作過去時間短語或動作2. 表示本打算，計劃，表示本打算，計劃， 希望，希望， 認為，試圖認為，試圖 做做 而而沒有做沒有做 had hoped/wished/planned/meant/intended/ thought/wanted/expected to do =hoped to have done3.固定句型。固定句型。 一一就就hardly/scarcely(一

30、一) +過去完成過去完成 when(就就) 過去時過去時no sooner(一一)+過去完成過去完成 than(就就) 過去時過去時1. The little girl _ her heart out because she _ her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it. (02 北京) A. had cried, lostB. cried, had lost C. has cried, has lostD. cries, has lost2. When Mark opened the door, he saw a wo

31、man standing there. He _ her before. never saw B. had never seen C. never sees D. has never seen 3.- Did Linda see the traffic accident ?(06天津) -No, no sooner _ than it happened. Had she gone B. she had gone A.C. Has she gone D. she has gone BBA(04重慶重慶)The crazy fans _ patiently for two hours, and t

32、hey would wait till the movie star arrived. were waiting B. had been waiting C. had waited D. would wait(07湖南湖南)Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _ English for a year. studies B. studied A.C. is studying D. has been studying BD九、現(xiàn)在完成進行時九、現(xiàn)在完成進行時&am

33、p;過去完成進行時過去完成進行時考點：考點：現(xiàn)在完成進行時：表示動作從過去某一時間開現(xiàn)在完成進行時：表示動作從過去某一時間開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或離現(xiàn)在不遠的時間。是否繼續(xù)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或離現(xiàn)在不遠的時間。是否繼續(xù)看語境看語境過去完成進行時：同上，過去完成進行時：同上， 但參考點為但參考點為“過去過去 ”表示動作從過去的過去某一時間開始持續(xù)到過表示動作從過去的過去某一時間開始持續(xù)到過去。是否繼續(xù)看語境。去。是否繼續(xù)看語境。標志詞標志詞: all the time , for +一段時間，一段時間， 上下文上下文十、將來完成時十、將來完成時考點：考點：到將來某一時刻為止，將會完成到將來某一時刻為止，將會完

34、成Will have done 標志詞：標志詞：by the end of +將來的時間將來的時間 by the time +一般現(xiàn)在時從句一般現(xiàn)在時從句By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _for London to attend a meeting. (05天津卷) A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left C十一、過去將來時十一、過去將來時We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon. (93 N) A. l

35、eavesB. would leave C. leftD. had leftB祈使句中的動詞問題祈使句中的動詞問題高考題點擊：高考題點擊：1. _ it with me and Ill see what I can do. (98 N) A. When leftB. LeavingC. If you leaveD. Leave2. _ some of this juice - perhaps youll like it. (2000 北京春季) A. TryingB. TryC. To tryD. Have tried3. _ at the door before entering, plea

36、se. (01 北京春季) A. knocked B. To knockC. KnockingD. Knock4. _ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. (2001上海) A. GivingB. GiveC. GivenD. To giveDBDB幾種時態(tài)的替代問題幾種時態(tài)的替代問題A：一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時：一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時 ： 除了在時間、條件、讓步狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時除了在時間、條件、讓步狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時外，表示現(xiàn)在已安排好的未來事項，行程等活動也用一般現(xiàn)在時來外，表示現(xiàn)在已安排好的未來事項，行程等

37、活動也用一般現(xiàn)在時來代替將來時。如：代替將來時。如：The museum opens at ten tomorrow.博物館明博物館明天天10點開門。點開門。(實際上每天如此。實際上每天如此。) B：一般現(xiàn)在時代替完成時：一般現(xiàn)在時代替完成時： 句型句型 “It is since”代替代替“It has been since ” It is (= has been) five years since we last met C：一般現(xiàn)在時：一般現(xiàn)在時(過去時過去時)代替進行時：代替進行時： 在全部倒裝句中都用一般時代替現(xiàn)在進行時。如：在全部倒裝句中都用一般時代替現(xiàn)在進行時。如： Look, h

38、ere comes Mr. Li. Down came the headmaster.D: 一般過去時代替過去完成時一般過去時代替過去完成時 C: before, after 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句一般過去時代替過去完成時引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句一般過去時代替過去完成時 Before he left Paris, he sent a telegram home.對比之一對比之一:一般過去時一般過去時vs過去完成時過去完成時(06重慶重慶) I _ in London for many years, but Ive never regretted my final decision to move back

39、to China. lived B. was living A.C. have lived D. had lived點撥點撥: 仔細閱讀題干仔細閱讀題干,把握語境把握語境,尋找有用信息尋找有用信息(即過去完成時一定表示即過去完成時一定表示 “過去的過去過去的過去”,若若無明確依據(jù)無明確依據(jù),不可隨意使用過去完成時不可隨意使用過去完成時)Have another try!A對比之一對比之一:一般過去時一般過去時vs過去完成時過去完成時(05北京北京)He _ more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the a

40、ge of 15. has learned B. would have learned C. learned D. had learned(05福建福建)Father _ for London on business upon my arrival, so I didnt see him. has left B. left C. was leaving D. had left(07 山東山東) They _ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go.A. had got B. got C. have got D. getDDB對比之二對比之二:一般過去時一般過去時vs過去進行時過去進行時(2004年春招年春招)“Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.”“Where was I？”“You _ you