英語：選修10-Units1-5全冊知識點匯總(新人教版)(共25頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上選修10 Units1-5全冊知識點匯總（新人教版） 重要詞匯講解Unit 1honoru榮譽，光榮；c光榮的事，引以為豪的事常用詞組：on my honor “以我的榮譽擔?！県ave the honor of doing sth. “很榮幸能夠做某事”do sb, the honor of doing sth. “做某事使某人感到特別榮幸“be an honor to do sth. “很榮幸能夠做某事“in honor of “為了向表示敬意；為紀念”I promise I'll pay you back, on my honor.我以人格擔保，一定把錢

2、還給你。May I have the honor of this dance?可以賞光和我跳這個舞嗎？Will you do me the honor of dining with me?可否賞光與我一起吃飯?I feel it a great honor be asked to speak here.St Petersburg was renamed Leningrad in honor of Lenin after his death.列寧死后，為了紀念他，圣彼得堡改名為列寧格勒。【拓展】honored adj. “榮幸的”I feel highly honored by your tru

3、st.我得到您的信任, 感到十分榮幸。breathlessa. 喘不過氣來的=out of breathI was completely breathless when I got to the top of the mountain.當我到達山頂上時，我已經上氣不接下氣了。I met him in a hot and breathless afternoon.我是在一個又悶又熱的下午遇到他的b. 屏住呼吸的 The children are breathless as they watch the tightrope act.孩子們在看走繩索表演時呼吸都屏住了。circumstancec n

4、. 環(huán)境,狀況,事件(通常用復數(shù)) Circumstances forced us to change our plans.客觀情況迫使我們改變了計劃。The circumstances of this case are unusual這件案子的情況很不尋常。 Under the circumstances, he felt unable to accept the job.在這種情況下, 他覺得無法接受這項工作。 Under no circumstances should you lend him any money.你無論如何都不該把錢借給他。重要詞組in/under no circums

5、tances “決不;無論如何也不”Under no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.中國決不首先使用核武器。She won't give up in any circumstances. 在任何情況下她都不會屈服。inunder the circumstances “在這種情況下；因為這種情況”。It's amazing that they did so well under the circumstances.In exceptional circumstances students

6、may take exams at other times.如遇特殊情況，學生可在其他的時段考試。aliveadj “活著的；活潑的”。形容詞作伴隨狀語，說明狀態(tài)，而不是方式。As soon as the king died, the queen was buried alive.皇帝一死，皇后就被活埋。Make sure that he is captured alive.一定要捉活他。類例:1).Suddenly he fell on the ground dead.突然，他倒地而死。2).He went to bed, cold and hungry他上床睡覺時覺得又冷又餓。tearc

7、n. 淚滴 My wife burst into tears when she heard the bad news.vt. （在某物上）撕、扯、劃、刺（洞或裂口）；強行使某人離開某人；撕開，撕碎，撤掉She tore her skirt on the nail.She tore the child from its fathers arms. Do tear yourself away from the television and come out for a walk.Don't pull the pages so hard or they will tear.別那么使勁扯書頁,

8、 那會撕破的。This cloth tears easily. ( 注意：當強調主語的特性時，不用被動)這布料容易撕破。hold on （口）等一下；堅持??；抓住或握住某人（某物）Hold on a minute while I get my breath back. They managed to hold on until help arrived.I dont think I can hold on much longer.He held on (to the rock) to stop himself slipping.These nuts（螺母） and bolts（螺栓） hold

9、 the wheels on. stick:n. 棍, 棒, 條狀物；呆頭呆腦，不善交際的人v. 插于, 刺入, 粘；忍受；The old man could not walk without a stick.He is a regular stick.他是個十足的木頭人The key stuck in the lock.This glue doesnt stick very well. (注意：描述注意特性時不用被動)I cant stick it any more.重要詞組：stick to “堅持”be/get stick to “陷入;遭遇了困境”stick ones neck out

10、 to do “做有風險的事”He sticks to his own opinion.The bus was stuck in the mud.He got stuck in traffic for an hour and missed the train. When I was in trouble, Paul was the only one who would stick his neck out to help me.當我遇到麻煩時，只有保羅會冒風險來幫助我。must have+過去分詞表示對過去事情的猜測，而且是很有把握的猜測,但只用于肯定句。He looked great. He

11、 must have enjoyed his holiday.他看上去氣色很好，他一定是度過了一個開心的假期。My coat isnt there. Someone must have taken it by mistake.我的外套不在那兒，準是有人拿錯了。urgenta. 急迫的, 緊要的, 緊急的They've made an urgent request for international aid.他們緊急請求國際援助。It is urgent that food and clothing (should) be sent to the sufferers. 急需將食物和衣服送

12、給災民。（注意：It is urgent that后的句子用should +v. should 可以?。﹙itala. 與生命有關的，維持生命所必須的（作定語）； （對某事的存在、成功或運作）極重要的，必不可少的精力充沛的；有活力的The heart performs a vital bodily function.心臟起著維持生命的重要作用。The government saw the introduction of new technology as vital.政府認為引進新技術至關重要。The leaders vital and cheerful manner filled his m

13、en with courage.指揮官朝氣蓬勃和歡欣愉悅的神態(tài)使士兵們勇氣倍增。 注意It is vital that we move quickly.She's a very vital sort of person. 她是個精力旺盛的人give way to“讓位，讓道；妥協(xié)，屈服；轉為“ Cloudy mornings give way to clear evenings.【諺】早晨云遮日，晚上星滿天。Mrs. Jones didnt give way to fears during the flood.洪水來臨時瓊斯太太并沒有害怕。Dont give way to grief

14、despair. Dilly kept asking his mother if he could go to the movies and she finally gave way.If he is given way to, he will only make further demands.要是我們向他妥協(xié)，那他就會提出更多的要求。As winter gave way to spring, the days began to lengthen.冬天過去, 春天來到。白天越來越了。set out“清楚而詳細地解釋或描繪; 認真著手(做某事); 出發(fā)；陳列或擺設“ The reasons f

15、or my decision are set out in my report. 逐項列出 He set out his plans for the department in his report詳細陳述 When we set out on this project, we knew it would be successful. After a short rest, we set out again.Please set out the chairs for the meeting in rows of ten. 詞語聯(lián)想set about (sth) 著手(某項工作)set back

16、妨礙，阻礙set down把放下來set in(氣候，季節(jié)等)開始set off 動身，出發(fā)；發(fā)射set up豎起；創(chuàng)立 rank:n. 等級, 排, 階級 v. 排列, 歸類于, 列于 （不用于進行時）He is above me in rank. 他的級別比我高。a painter of the first /top rank 第一流的畫家people of all ranks and classes 各階層各階級的人This tennis player ranked third in the world.這位網球運動員排名世界第三。A general ranks a captain.將軍

17、的級別比上尉高。I rank her among the country's best writers.我認為她可屬于全國最優(yōu)秀作家行列。I rank her achievement very highly.我對她的成就評價很高。Where/How do you rank Karpov as a chess player?你把卡爾波夫列為哪一級的棋手?Does he rank among/with the failures?他可以算作失敗的那一類人嗎?contributev. “捐助； 導致；有助于；投稿；貢獻; ”（經常和介詞to 相連）Each worker contributed

18、 $1 to the Red Cross(紅十字會). Does smoking contribute to lung cancer? Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness. Her work has contributed enormously to our understanding of this difficult subject. She asked him to contribute a biweekly article on European affairs. She has contributed s

19、everal poems to literary magazines. Would it be presumptuous of me to ask you to contribute?可否冒昧請求你出一份力?boomn. “繁榮; 盛行” v. “ 發(fā)出深沉、有回想的聲音；用深沉的嗓音說話; 處于經濟發(fā)展時期”The oil market is enjoying a boom.石油市場欣欣向榮。He made his pile during the property boom.在房地產生意興隆期間他發(fā)了大財。 We could hear the enemy guns booming away

20、in the distance.我們能聽到遠處敵人的大炮轟隆聲。The headmasters voice boomed out across the playground.校長翁生翁氣的聲音傳遍操場。The computer industry is booming.計算機業(yè)繁榮起來。 【拓展】booming adj 景氣好的Technology is a booming sector of the economy.技術是一個迅速發(fā)展的經濟部門。 swear （sworesworn）v. 發(fā)誓,宣誓,咒罵swear to do “發(fā)誓做某事”swear that +句子 swear to se

21、crecy “(使人)發(fā)誓保密”They swore to carry out their duties faithfully.他們發(fā)誓要忠實履行自己的職責。I swear by Almighty God that I will tell the truth.我對萬能的上帝發(fā)誓我要說真話。I swore her to secrecy about what I had told her.我要她起誓對我告訴她的事保守秘密。The President has to be sworn in publicly.總統(tǒng)必須當眾宣誓就職。Has the jury been sworn (ie official

22、ly appointed by taking an oath)?陪審團宣誓了嗎She bumped her head in the doorway and swore loudly.她的頭撞到門框上, 大罵了一聲.advocatev. “主張, 提倡” 后面常街名詞或動名詞。They advocated the use of force.他們提倡要動用武力。I advocate a policy of gradual reform.我擁護逐步改革的政策。He advocated, though he did not practice, the no-drinking policy. 他主張禁酒

23、，雖然他自己并不實行。 He advocates reducing military spending.他主張削減軍費開支。Do you advocate banning cars in the city centre?你支持禁止汽車在市中心通行這一主張嗎?standv. “自己付錢向某人提供；經受住；忍受, 使(液體)保持靜止不動；靜置，沉淀”Let me stand you a dinner.讓我請你一頓飯。This work will hardly stand close examination.這種作品很難經得起認真的檢驗。He cant stand hot weather. 受不住L

24、et the words stand. 不要改動這些字。Leave the water to stand overnight.讓水沉淀Stand the mixture for 20 minutes and see what happens.將混合溶液靜置20分鐘。give off“排出; 散發(fā)出; 發(fā)出(光,熱,氣味等)”The gas give off an unpleasant smell.這種氣體散發(fā)出一種難聞的氣味。The engine gives off smoke and steam.發(fā)動機發(fā)出煙氣和水蒸氣。When wine is fermented it gives off

25、bubbles of gas.酒發(fā)酵時會放出氣泡。As motor vehicles burn fuel, they give off carbon monoxide as a waste.在汽車燃燒燃料時, 產生廢氣一氧化碳。remains復數(shù)形式的名詞，“剩余物;遺跡;遺體，殘骸”。the remains of a meal 殘羹剩飯the remains of an army 殘兵敗將human remains 人的尸體The remains of the supper were taken away.His mortal remains are buried in the church

26、yard.After the wheat crop has been gathered, many farmers burn the remains and plough the ashinto the soil, so as to enrich it.小麥收割完成后，農夫們把剩余物燒掉，然后用犁把灰埋入地里，使土地更肥沃。die down“逐漸減弱、降低、察覺不到” The wind died down風勢漸漸弱了下來。The excitement soon died down那股興奮勁兒漸漸冷了下來。詞語聯(lián)想die away 減弱（以至察覺不到；淡化 （注意：die down和die aw

27、ay有時可以互換）die off (有生命的群體)一個接一個地死去die out (家族,種族,習俗,觀念等)完全消失；絕種cautionn. “小心, 慎重, 警示 ” v. “警告”He told us to proceed with caution.他告訴我們要謹慎行事You should exercise extreme caution when driving in fog.在霧中開車要極為小心。I must caution you against the danger.We were cautioned not to drive too fast.人家提醒我們車不要開得太快。I w

28、ould caution against undue optimism.我奉勸不要過于樂觀。perseverevi “堅持；忍耐”, 后面常接in或with。 He persevered in his studies.他孜孜不倦地學習。She persevered with her piano lessons.她持之以恒地努力學鋼琴。The police will persevere with their efforts to investigate the crime.警方會盡全力將這起犯罪案件調查到底。repay“回報, 報答; 償還” 常用短語repay sb. for sth. rep

29、ay sb. with / by doing sth. When do you think you will be able to repay us?I couldnt find a way of repaying the familys kindness我不知該如何報答這一家人的好意。We'll never be able to repay you for everything you've done for us.我們永遠也無法報答你為我們所做的一切。She tried to be a good teacher, and the students repaid her wi

30、th their love and respect.After I have done so much for you, how can you repay me by lying to me?我為你付出這么多，你怎么能用謊話來回報我?commitmentc n “承諾; 責任; 約束” We've made a commitment to help, and we will.我們已經答應幫忙，我們一定說到做到。I cant do this job right now because of other commitments.因為還有別的事要做，目前我不能做這項工作。He couldn

31、t go on holiday with us because of work commitments他公務纏身，不能和我們一起去度假。Unit 2hand over“移交；讓與”The pickpocket was handed over to the police.扒手被送交警方。詞組聯(lián)想hand down “傳給后代” = hand on, pass downThis pair of bracelets was handed down from my great-grandmother.這副手鐲是我曾祖母傳下來的。hand on 1)“傳遞”2)“把傳下來” (= hand down)P

32、lease read his and hand it on.請你讀后加以傳閱。Please read this notice and hand it on.“請把這張通知看一下,并傳閱?！眗iches(n.) “財富，財寶，金錢” 沒有單數(shù)形式。 如：Riches have wings. 錢財易散。（諺語）She gave away all her riches. 她把自己的全部財產贈送給了別人。even在句中起強調作用，常放在行為動詞之前、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后。如： In order to watch the World Cup soccer game, they even closed t

33、he sore.為了看世界杯足球賽，他們甚至把店門關了。I didnt even know his name. 我甚至不知道他的名字。Some robots can even talk to . 一些機器人甚至能和你對話。 Its ones turn to do sth.“輪到某人做某事”Today it is my turn to clean our classroom.今天輪到我打掃教室。Its your turn to recite the poem. 到你背這首詩了。 turn的詞組take turns doing sth. “輪流做某事”。in turn “輪流地; 挨個, 依次;

34、反過來”by turns “輪流地; 時而.時而.”be equal in“在某方面相等” Are men and women equal in physical strength? 男人和女人在體力上相當嗎？You and I are equal in strength, but not in intelligence.你我力氣相當，但智力有高下之分。 be equal to “與 相等”They receive an income that is equal to the value of the goods they produce.他們所得的收入與他們生產的產品價值相當。“祈使句+or

35、/and +陳述句”句型，陳述句表示結果。Get up earlier, or you will miss the first train.早點起床，否則你會錯過第一班火車。Use your head, and you will have a way to solve the problem.動動腦筋，你就會想出解決問題的辦法。be a stranger to “對 陌生，對 沒有經驗，對不習慣”He is a stranger to our country. 他不了解我們國家。He is no stranger to hardship. 他曾歷盡滄桑。 When 表示“如果，既然”之意，相當

36、于if, since, now that.How can he get good grades when he doesnt study hard? 他不用功的話Why does she always drive to work when she could easily take the bus? hear sb out“聽某人說完”Dont interrupt, just hear me out.別打擾我，聽我說完。Sorry, I wish I had time to hear you out, but could you make your story shorter?我真希望我有時間

37、聽你說完，你能不能把故事縮短些？on behalf of“代表，為了的利益”I am writing this letter on behalf of my mother, who wants to thank you for your nicegift.我代表我的媽媽寫這封信，她要感謝你送的精美禮物。They are collecting on behalf of charity.他們以慈善的名義集資。beyond question= cannot be doubted 不用懷疑的，毋庸置疑的His honesty is beyond question. 他的忠誠是毋庸置疑的。 out of

38、 question “毫無疑問” out of the question “不可能, 不容討論”would rather than “寧愿 而不 ” I would rather stay at home than go to cinema? 我寧愿待在家里也不去看電影。would rather die than surrender.寧死不投降。have / get done1)“叫別人做某事”(= ask sb to do sth )Weve just had the house decorated.我們剛叫人把房子裝修了一下。Doesnt Mike look smart? He has h

39、ad that suit made specially for the wedding.邁克看上去很瀟灑，是吧？他那身西裝是專為婚禮而定做的。2)“遭受某種不幸”I had my watch stolen last night. 昨晚我的手表被偷了。Mind you. It's easy to have your pocket picked in a big crowd.“請注意,在人群中你衣袋內的東西是很容易被人扒竊的?！眊ive sb a trial“試用某人” I did well in the job interview and they decided to give me

40、a trial. 由于我在求職面試中發(fā)揮出色，他們決定試用我。He is capable man. It would be a mistake not to give him a trial. 他是精明能干的人。不給他試用機會是不對的。keep sb on= continue to employ someone “繼續(xù)留用”How many people will be kept on by the company? 有多少人會被公司留用？Youre not fit for the job. We cant keep you on.你不適合這個工作，我們不能繼續(xù)留用你。Shes a smart

41、 girl. Its a pity that they dont keep her on.她是個挺聰明有女孩子。他們不繼續(xù)留用她，真可惜。due“應得的，應給的，應支付的，適當?shù)模A定的，到期的”A great deal of money is due to you. 應當付你一大筆錢。After due consideration, they decided to retreat.他們經過適當考慮后決定撤退。When is your baby due? 你的孩子預計什么時候出生。These library books are due next month.這些圖書館的圖書下個月到期應還。su

42、spect“懷疑，猜想”，后接名詞或從句 I suspect the same, but I keep telling myself it was my imagination. 我曾這樣懷疑過，但我不斷告訴自己說，這只是我的想象罷了。He seems poor, but I suspect that he has quite a lot of money. 他看上去很窮，可是我懷疑他很有錢。Dont suspect my loyalty. 不要懷疑我的忠誠。Is it any wonder (that)? = It is no/little wonder (that)“不奇怪，不足為奇” W

43、ith such talented players, is it any wonder they won？他們捅有如此優(yōu)秀的運動員，獲勝就不足為奇了。 Is it any wonder that he speaks good English after living in the US for many years.他在美國生活了很多年，英語說得很好，這難道有什么好奇怪的嗎？continually 和continuously 的區(qū)別兩者均可表示“連續(xù)的，不間斷地”，但前者表示“一段時間內多次發(fā)生”、“時斷時續(xù)”或“中斷時間很短而以接連發(fā)生”；而后者指“連續(xù)不斷地，不停歇地”The teleph

44、one has be ringing continually in the office all morning. 整個早上辦公室的電話鈴聲不斷。The telephone rang continuously for five minutes.電話鈴聲連續(xù)響了五分鐘。 behave(vi) “舉動，舉止，行為表現(xiàn)”?？梢杂酶痹~修飾。The boy behaved very well last night.這個男孩昨天晚上的表現(xiàn)挺好。The child behaved badly at the party.那孩子在聚會上的表現(xiàn)很差。vt，但它只能接反身代詞，behave oneself.Plea

45、se behave yourself.舉止要得體The children behaved themselves at the party. Im proud of them. 孩子們在聚會上舉止得體，我為他們而感到驕傲。不定式在句末多作結果狀語，表示預料之外的結果，且常與only連用。He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起了石頭，結果砸了自己的腳。The news reporters hurried to the airport, only to be told that the film stars had left.當記者趕

46、到機場時，卻被告知電影明星已經走了。Unit3boycottvt“抵制”to refuse to buy something, use something, or take part in something as a way of protestingWe boycott all products tested on animals.我們抵制用動物做產品實驗。noun an act of boycotting something, or the period of time when it is boycotted常用詞組：called for a boycott-號召抵制organize

47、a boycott-組織抵制The group is urging a nationwide boycott of toys manufactured with child labor.這個組織呼吁聯(lián)合抵制雇傭童工生產的玩具。He called for a boycott of the hibit“禁止, 阻止” Smoking is strictly prohibited inside the factory.廠內嚴禁吸煙注意：prohibit sb from doing sth “禁止，阻止別人作某事”They are prohibited from reveal

48、ing details about the candidates.他們被禁止透露候選人信息offensen (動詞形式：offend) The possession of stolen property is a criminal offence. 占有偷盜贓物是一種犯罪行為Punishment for a first offence is a fine.初犯的懲罰是罰款His solicitor said he committed the offence because he was heavily in debt. The bill makes it an offence to carry

49、 a knife.法令視攜帶刀具為犯規(guī)行為。submit（submitted /submitting） 1).“提交，呈遞”All applications must be submitted by Monday.所有的申請周一前必須提交。2). “屈服”常見submit toDerek has agreed to submit to questioning.德里克已經同意接受詢問。3.)“認為“ 常見submit (that)I submit that the jury has been influenced by the publicity in this case.我認為陪審團在這個案件

50、中已經受到公眾影響。salutev. 1）“敬禮，致意，歡迎“The two soldiers saluted Lieutenant Cecil.那兩個士兵向塞西爾中尉致敬短語：in salute “以表示敬意”he officer raised his hand in salute.2）“頌揚“salute sb as sth “把尊稱為”James Joyce was saluted as the greatest writer of the 20th century.詹姆斯·喬伊斯被贊頌為20世紀最偉大作家。salute to His first words were a sa

51、lute to the people of South Africa. liberty“自由，隨意”individual/personal liberty 個人自由religious/political/economic liberty 宗教，政治，經濟自由重要詞組：take the liberty of doing somethingI took the liberty of cancelling your reservation.我隨意取消預約。be at liberty to do something I am not at liberty to discuss these matter

52、s.我沒空討論這些事情。Unit4up toit is up to somebody “取決于某人；在于；該由負責”如：Shall we go out? 我們可以出去嗎？Its up to you. 由你決定。I cant take the decision. Its not up to me. 我不能做決定，這不取決我。【拓展】up to 還有表示“深度、高度、地位等” “直到”；“（數(shù)目上）直到，至多”“接近于；達到”“勝任、適宜”等意思。Mary is small and just comes up to Bills chest.Everyone has his part to play, from the office boy up to the president.They wor