lecture 12 正反譯法

1、 Warm-Up Activities（Omission）vReading furnished the mind only with materials of knowledge; it is thinking that makes what we read ours.vNow, if we put this sofa against the wall and move everything out of the room except the chairs, dont you think it all right?vIn fact he showed quite clearly that t

2、he Copernican ideas were correct. But he did not say that he accepted them.vHe failed to perceive the difference.v她她看不出看不出哪里不同。哪里不同。vDont make your conclusion before he comes back.v還是等他回來(lái)再下結(jié)論吧。還是等他回來(lái)再下結(jié)論吧。vTrue, reading is far from the only source of knowledge.v的確，閱讀的確，閱讀遠(yuǎn)非遠(yuǎn)非知識(shí)的唯一來(lái)源。知識(shí)的唯一來(lái)源。vWell be

3、 there in no time.v我們很快就會(huì)到那兒。我們很快就會(huì)到那兒。Lecture 12 Affirmative and Negative Expression（正反表達(dá)法）I. Affirmative Expression & Negative Expression(正說(shuō)法&反說(shuō)法)英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)都有肯定和否定之分，但是英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)的英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)都有肯定和否定之分，但是英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)的思維方思維方式式和和表達(dá)習(xí)慣表達(dá)習(xí)慣不同，兩種語(yǔ)言用來(lái)表達(dá)不同，兩種語(yǔ)言用來(lái)表達(dá)否定否定概念的方式有很概念的方式有很大的區(qū)別。大的區(qū)別。漢語(yǔ)的否定方式（反說(shuō)）比較簡(jiǎn)單，表達(dá)否定意義的詞語(yǔ)幾漢語(yǔ)的否

4、定方式（反說(shuō)）比較簡(jiǎn)單，表達(dá)否定意義的詞語(yǔ)幾乎都有明顯的標(biāo)志詞乎都有明顯的標(biāo)志詞“不不”、“無(wú)無(wú)”、“莫莫”、“未未”、“沒(méi)有沒(méi)有”、“休休”、“非非”、“勿勿”、“別別”等等。等等。英語(yǔ)的否定結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，方式靈活多樣，除了否定詞英語(yǔ)的否定結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，方式靈活多樣，除了否定詞“no”、“not”之外，還常常一些否定詞綴和形式肯定但是之外，還常常一些否定詞綴和形式肯定但是意義否定的動(dòng)詞、形容詞、介詞、短語(yǔ)等等。意義否定的動(dòng)詞、形容詞、介詞、短語(yǔ)等等。有些事物英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣從正面說(shuō)，漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣從反面說(shuō)；有些事物有些事物英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣從正面說(shuō)，漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣從反面說(shuō)；有些事物英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣從反面說(shuō)，漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣從正面說(shuō)；有些

5、既可以從正面英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣從反面說(shuō)，漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣從正面說(shuō)；有些既可以從正面說(shuō)，也可以從反面說(shuō)。說(shuō)，也可以從反面說(shuō)。II. Affirmative-Negative Expression(正反表達(dá))vWithout reasoning one is apt to be beyond control.v沒(méi)有沒(méi)有理智，人容易變得理智，人容易變得不受不受約束。約束。vThe first bombs missed the target.v第一批炸彈第一批炸彈沒(méi)有沒(méi)有擊中目標(biāo)。擊中目標(biāo)。vThe subversion attempts proved predictably futile.v不出所料不出所料，顛覆活動(dòng)

6、證明，顛覆活動(dòng)證明毫無(wú)效果毫無(wú)效果。vIt was beyond his power to sign such a contract.v他他無(wú)權(quán)無(wú)權(quán)簽訂這樣的合同。簽訂這樣的合同。vWe live meagerly, but at the same time, we blessed in many ways.v我們生活我們生活并不富裕并不富裕，但同時(shí)在很多方面又是很幸運(yùn)的。，但同時(shí)在很多方面又是很幸運(yùn)的。vThat building is in a state of neglect.v那棟大樓處于那棟大樓處于無(wú)人管理無(wú)人管理的狀態(tài)。的狀態(tài)。vWe are short of teachers i

7、n our school.v我們學(xué)校師資力量我們學(xué)校師資力量不足不足。vThe pioneers made light of difficulties and dangers.v拓荒者拓荒者不畏不畏艱險(xiǎn)。艱險(xiǎn)。vI have read your article. I expect to meet an older man.v拜讀了你的作品，拜讀了你的作品，沒(méi)想到?jīng)]想到你這么年輕。你這么年輕。vMy guess is as good as yours. v我的猜測(cè)我的猜測(cè)并不比你的高明并不比你的高明。v我我His noble deeds are above all praise. v他的高尚行為

8、他的高尚行為是贊揚(yáng)不盡的是贊揚(yáng)不盡的。vThe guerrillas would fight to the death before they surrendered.v游擊隊(duì)員寧愿戰(zhàn)斗到死也游擊隊(duì)員寧愿戰(zhàn)斗到死也決不決不投降。投降。vI will work hard to live up to my parents.v我一定努力學(xué)習(xí)，我一定努力學(xué)習(xí)，決不決不辜負(fù)父母的期望。辜負(fù)父母的期望。vHeaven will always leave a door open.v天天無(wú)無(wú)絕人之路。絕人之路。vYoud better mind your own business.v我勸你我勸你別別管閑事。管

9、閑事。vShe refrained from laughing. v她忍住她忍住沒(méi)有沒(méi)有笑。笑。vThe thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps.v我走在厚厚的地毯上我走在厚厚的地毯上一點(diǎn)兒聲音也沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)兒聲音也沒(méi)有。vNo pains, no gains.v一分耕耘，一分收獲。（不入虎穴，焉得虎子？）一分耕耘，一分收獲。（不入虎穴，焉得虎子？）III. Negative-Affirmative Expression（反正表達(dá)）vI rode around with him one day seeing how the ships unloa

10、ded.v那天我和他乘車轉(zhuǎn)了轉(zhuǎn)，看了看船如何卸貨。vHe carelessly glanced through the note and got away.v他馬馬虎虎地看了看那張便條就走了。vHe returned home with no hope on his face.v他灰心絕望地回到了家。vWars have never stopped polluting the earth.v戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)一直都在污染著地球。vHe was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious.v他這個(gè)人優(yōu)柔寡斷，而且總是反復(fù)無(wú)常。vThe lion is

11、no less cruel than the tiger.v獅子和老虎一樣殘忍。獅子和老虎一樣殘忍。vThere is nothing in his house but bare walls.v他家徒四壁。他家徒四壁。vI tried hard not to lose a word of what he said.v我努力想聽(tīng)清楚他講的一字一句。我努力想聽(tīng)清楚他講的一字一句。vSuch flights couldnt long escape notice.v這類飛行遲早會(huì)被人發(fā)覺(jué)的。這類飛行遲早會(huì)被人發(fā)覺(jué)的。vAshurst saw at once that Phil was not all

12、right,v艾舍斯特很快看出菲兒出了問(wèn)題。艾舍斯特很快看出菲兒出了問(wèn)題。vWe never thought of nothing wrong.v (=We never thought of anything wrong.) v我們我們從來(lái)沒(méi)想到有什么從來(lái)沒(méi)想到有什么錯(cuò)誤。（雙重否定）錯(cuò)誤。（雙重否定）vAn opportunity is not likely to repeat itself. v機(jī)會(huì)機(jī)會(huì)難難得。得。vSuch things are of no rare occurrence.v這些事情這些事情經(jīng)常經(jīng)常發(fā)生。發(fā)生。vNo man can have too much knowl

13、edge and practice.v知識(shí)和實(shí)踐知識(shí)和實(shí)踐越多越好越多越好。vHe has no small chance of success.v他他大有大有成功的可能。成功的可能。vThese scientists could not believe the two Curies more.v這些科學(xué)家這些科學(xué)家完全相信完全相信居里夫婦。居里夫婦。vThere is nothing like health.v健康是健康是最重要最重要的。的。vStudents, with no exception, are to hand in their papers this afternoon.v今天下午，學(xué)生今天下午，學(xué)生統(tǒng)統(tǒng)統(tǒng)統(tǒng)要交上書面作要交上書面作More PracticevHes not stupid, merely ignorant.v他并不愚笨，僅僅是他并不愚笨，僅僅是無(wú)知無(wú)知而已。而已。vI hate to see animals in cages.v我我不喜歡不喜歡看到動(dòng)物被關(guān)在籠子里?？吹絼?dòng)物被關(guān)在籠子里。vThe e