unit 4new words

1、Unit 4 Words and expressionslChineselEnglish lMathematics mathematician lPolitics politicianlHistory historianlGeography geographerlAstronomy astronomer lPhysics physicist lChemistry chemistlBiology biologist v-ician 表示表示“精通者，精通者，家家”technicianv-icist 表示表示“者，者，師，師，能手能手“ physicistv-ist 表示表示“從事從事研究者，信仰

2、研究者，信仰主義主義者者”chemist，artist, dentist, communist(共共產(chǎn)主義者產(chǎn)主義者.v-ics為后綴：主要表示一門學問為后綴：主要表示一門學問 economics（經(jīng)濟學），（經(jīng)濟學），electronics（電子（電子學），學），mechanics（機械學）（機械學） v-ery； -y . 表示學科表示學科 技術(shù)，技術(shù)，學學“ cookery v2.system solar system educational systemheating system 供熱系統(tǒng)供熱系統(tǒng)The politic system 政治制度、體系政治制度、體系The postal

3、system v3. theoryDarwins theory of evolution.Combine theory with practice.in theory 理論上理論上 theoreticallyThat sounds fine in theory, but will it work?4.Big bang 宇宙大爆炸v生活大爆炸vThe Big Bang Theoryv5.atom atom(ic) bomb原子彈v6.violent violently violencev7. in time to do sth. / for sth. 來得及來得及v They were just

4、 in time for the bus. in time 及時及時, 遲早遲早 on time 按時，準時按時，準時 for the first/last time 第一次第一次/最后一次最后一次 in no time 立刻立刻 at a time 一次，每次一次，每次v8.Atmosphere 大氣層大氣層 ，氛圍，氛圍vSocial atmosphere 社會氣氛社會氣氛vAcademic atmosphere 學術(shù)氛圍學術(shù)氛圍v對流層對流層 troposphere v平流層平流層 stratosphere v中間層中間層 mesospherev9. unlike 表示否定的前綴。表示否

5、定的前綴。vdis加在名詞、形容詞，動詞之前。加在名詞、形容詞，動詞之前。 disadvantage 缺點缺點 disagree不同意不同意 in-加在形容詞，名詞之前加在形容詞，名詞之前 incorrect 不正確的不正確的 ，inaccurate 不準確的不準確的 im-加在字母加在字母m,b,p之前之前 immature 不成熟的，不成熟的，imbalance不平衡，不不平衡，不安定安定 impossible 不可能的不可能的 vil-加在以加在以l開頭的詞前開頭的詞前 illegal 非法的非法的 ，illiterate 文盲的，沒文化的文盲的，沒文化的 illogical 不合邏輯的

6、不合邏輯的 vir-加在以加在以 r 開頭的詞前開頭的詞前 irregular 不穩(wěn)定的，不穩(wěn)定的，irresistable 不可抵抗的不可抵抗的un-加在名詞，動詞演繹的形容詞，副詞之加在名詞，動詞演繹的形容詞，副詞之前前 unfinished 未完成的未完成的 undoubted 無疑的無疑的 unemployment 失業(yè)失業(yè) 在形容詞前表示不，在形容詞前表示不，unreal, uncommon. 在動詞前表示相反的動作，在動詞前表示相反的動作，unlock uncover non-加在形容詞，名詞前加在形容詞，名詞前 non-existence 不存在不存在 ，non-essentia

7、l 不不主要的主要的 ，non-electrical 非電的非電的 vmis加在動詞、名詞之前加在動詞、名詞之前 misunderstand 誤解誤解 ，misjudge 誤判誤判 ，misleading 誤導誤導 ，misfortune 不幸不幸 . dis-加地動詞之前加地動詞之前 disappear 消失消失 ，disarm 解除武裝解除武裝 ， . de-加在名詞，形容詞之前加在名詞，形容詞之前 decolor 脫色脫色, 漂白漂白 10. Harmful harmful harmless be harmful to be harmless to do harm to sb/do sb

8、 harm never cause sb any harm 絕不傷害他人絕不傷害他人 come to no harm 安然無恙安然無恙 do more harm than good 弊多于利弊多于利 11.chain n a chain of events= a series of a chain of supermarkets a supermarket chain 連鎖商店連鎖商店 in chains 帶著鐐銬帶著鐐銬eg. The prisoner were kept in chains. v chain sb to sth/ chain sth. tie 系系 chain sb/sth

9、 (up)She chained her bicycle to the gate.12. lay eggsv規(guī)則是撒謊規(guī)則是撒謊 lie lied lied lyingv不規(guī)則是躺不規(guī)則是躺 lie lay lain lyingv躺過就下蛋躺過就下蛋 lay laid laid laying lay off 解雇，解雇， layaside 把把 放一邊。放一邊。lay down 放下。放下。lay a foundation of 奠定基礎(chǔ)，打下基礎(chǔ)。奠定基礎(chǔ)，打下基礎(chǔ)。 13.exist vexist in, 存在于存在于 之中。之中。vexist on sth, live on , surv

10、ive on, feed on 靠靠 為生。為生。vThere exists/existed, 有有 ，存在，存在 。vn existence in existence , 現(xiàn)存的，現(xiàn)存的， come into existence ,產(chǎn)生，成立產(chǎn)生，成立 14 birth by birth 出生出生,血統(tǒng)血統(tǒng);天生天生,生來。生來。 Hes French by birth. 他是法國血統(tǒng)。他是法國血統(tǒng)。 give birth to 生生 15. in ones turn vIt is ones turn to do sth 輪到某人做某事。輪到某人做某事。vtake turns doing/

11、to do.輪流做輪流做vin return 作為報答作為報答 vby turns 輪流，依次輪流，依次vin turn 依次依次,輪流輪流,反過來反過來veg: All theory is based on practice and in turn serve practice.vwait (for) your turn靜心等候靜心等候 turn on /off turn up 出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生；開大；發(fā)現(xiàn)出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生；開大；發(fā)現(xiàn) turn out to be 結(jié)果是；原來是結(jié)果是；原來是 turn down 拒絕；向下拒絕；向下;轉(zhuǎn)折轉(zhuǎn)折 turn away 避開；解雇；不準避開；解雇；不準入內(nèi)；

12、走開；轉(zhuǎn)過臉入內(nèi)；走開；轉(zhuǎn)過臉 turn round 轉(zhuǎn)身轉(zhuǎn)身,轉(zhuǎn)向；歸航；回車道；轉(zhuǎn)變轉(zhuǎn)向；歸航；回車道；轉(zhuǎn)變 16. prevent sb (from) doing sth stop sb (from) doing sth keep sb from doing sth 在被動語態(tài)中都不能省略。 protect.from.表示“保護不受侵襲，擋住，防御”。 from后接能帶來傷害或損害之物。 v17.Puzzle 使使困惑，使困惑，使為難為難 puzzle out仔細考慮仔細考慮, 設(shè)法想出設(shè)法想出 puzzle over苦苦思考苦苦思考;冥思苦想冥思苦想 puzzle ones brain

13、s(為某事為某事)絞盡腦汁絞盡腦汁, 苦思苦想苦思苦想 be in a puzzle困惑，不知如何是好困惑，不知如何是好 be puzzled about 對對迷惑不解迷惑不解v cross-word puzzle縱橫填字游戲縱橫填字游戲 vChinese puzzle(七巧板、九連環(huán)等七巧板、九連環(huán)等)中國智力玩具中國智力玩具; 復雜難懂的事物復雜難懂的事物; 難解之謎難解之謎18.Climate desert climate 沙漠氣候沙漠氣候continental climate 大陸性氣候大陸性氣候oceanic climate 海洋性氣候海洋性氣候Mediterranean clima

14、te 地中海氣候地中海氣候climate change 氣候變化，氣候變遷氣候變化，氣候變遷global climate 全球氣候全球氣候v19. pull pull apart 把把.拉開或拆開拉開或拆開pull away開走開走 使離開使離開pull down 拆掉拆掉pull in 到站，進站到站，進站pull out 離開，撤離；離開，撤離；pull on 穿戴，匆忙穿上衣服穿戴，匆忙穿上衣服put on 穿上，上演穿上，上演 pull off 匆忙脫去（衣服）匆忙脫去（衣服） put off 推辭，脫去推辭，脫去pull through 渡過難關(guān)渡過難關(guān) 使恢復健康使恢復健康pull

15、 up 車停下車停下20. cheer up cheer on 鼓勵，激勵鼓勵，激勵cheer up 使高興，為使高興，為加油。加油。cheer sb up cheer for 為為歡呼，喝彩。歡呼，喝彩。cheer n, vcheerful adj快樂的，愉快的，高興地快樂的，愉快的，高興地cheerfully advcheers!21. break out (戰(zhàn)爭戰(zhàn)爭,爭吵爭吵,疾病等疾病等)爆發(fā)爆發(fā) break down 損壞；垮掉，崩潰損壞；垮掉，崩潰 break up 把把拆開拆開;打碎打碎 break away from 擺脫擺脫 break into 闖入闖入;突然突然起來起來

16、break in 破門而入，打斷。破門而入，打斷。 break off 中斷，突然停止中斷，突然停止 ；折斷；折斷 break trough 突破，沖破；突破，沖破；取得突破性成就取得突破性成就 v22. watch out for小心，提防小心，提防 watch over 照顧，監(jiān)督，保護照顧，監(jiān)督，保護 keep a watch 守望，注視守望，注視 watch oneself 小心謹慎小心謹慎 on watch 守望，值班守望，值班v必修必修3第四單元隨堂練第四單元隨堂練vSection 1v Vocabulary Buildingv 一、根據(jù)句子意思和所給中文或首字母提示,寫出單詞的正

17、確形式。v1. It cost him more than one _ (十億) dollars to complete the project.v2. What happened? Johns mother asked him in a _ (溫和的) voice.v3. Before the Earths protective _ (大氣層) was formed, there was no life except in the sea.v4. With the _ (引力) of the moon and the sun each day, tides (潮汐) roll in and

18、roll away.v5. Man-made _ (衛(wèi)星) are used for sending and receiving messages.billiongentle atmosphere pullsatellitesv6. Smoking m_ the risk of heart attacks and other health problems.v7. Eating too many desserts can be h_ to ones teeth.v8. Global warming and c_ change problems are perhaps the greatest

19、threats to our planet.v9. According to the t_ of relativity (相對論), nothing can travel faster than light.v10. Most of the evidence had been destroyed. T_, it was almost impossible to prove him guilty. ultiplies armful limate heory husastronomy, globe, chain, biology, gravity, cheer up, spaceship, blo

20、ck out, religion, break out, watch out1. The force of _ pulls things towards the earths centre.2. I lost the match. _! Its not the end of the world.3. In our country, people have the right to practice their own _.4. They escaped to America shortly before the war _ in 1939.gravity Cheer up religion b

21、roke out 5. Every year, this village attracts tourists from every corner of the _.6. There are some common grammatical mistakes that you should _ for in your essay.7. The government fears that the strike (罷工) may produce a _ reaction in other industries.globewatch out chain 8. _ is the scientific st

22、udy of the sun, the moon, stars, and other heavenly bodies (天體).9. The _ left the earth a short time ago, and must have traveled three hundred miles into space.Astronomy spaceship v三、根據(jù)釋義寫出單詞,并選詞填空。 va. very strong and sudden _vb. to be present in a place or situation _vc. the most central and important part of sth. _vd. something that is difficult to understand or explain _