雅思小作文之流程圖地圖寫作

1、流程圖流程圖6點(diǎn)參考要領(lǐng)：1. 找到流程圖的過程，起點(diǎn)，終點(diǎn)。2. 找到圖上標(biāo)出的已知?jiǎng)幼?，如果出現(xiàn)生詞，盡量猜測(cè)。無詞，用自己的語言。3. 按照步驟，分段描述，千萬不能省略任何一步。4. 切記!加入流暢合理的表示順序的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。5. 句型以主動(dòng)為主，搭配被動(dòng)，以及主語從句(例如：It can be seen from the graph that)。6. 時(shí)態(tài)要使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例文分析1：The diagram shows the stages in the process of making chocolate.(所有的小作文第一句話都要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。流程圖必備三個(gè)詞：process整個(gè)過程

2、;stage階段;step步驟)Chocolate comes from the cacao tree, which is grown in parts of South America, Africa and Indonesia.(開頭不能一上來就直接介紹cacao tree,而是通過主題詞chocolate引出，否則顯得太唐突)【流程圖特點(diǎn)之一：介紹過程要使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)】【流程圖特點(diǎn)之二：大量使用定語從句，將有關(guān)聯(lián)的兩句話連接?！俊玖鞒虉D特點(diǎn)之三：大量使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)】The tree produces large red pods which contain white cocoa bean

3、s.【流程圖特點(diǎn)之四：使用一些表示順序的連接詞】when the pods are ripe, they are harvested, the beans are removed and they are fermented for several days in large wooden boxes.(三個(gè)句子的并列：“句子A,句子B and 句子C”。)During the fermenting process, the beans turn brown.【流程圖特點(diǎn)之五：要適當(dāng)?shù)靥砑觽€(gè)別圖中沒有交代但能從圖片中直接讀出來的一些內(nèi)容，否則可能達(dá)不到字?jǐn)?shù)要求。但是一定要把握尺度，千萬不要加上

4、自己的主觀觀點(diǎn)，否則會(huì)扣分】Next, the brown beans are spread in the sun to dry. They are then put in large sacks and transported by train or lorry. After this, the beans are taken to a chocolate factory where they are roasted in an oven at temperatures of between 250 and 350 degree Celsius.After being roasted, th

5、e beans are crushed and the outer shell is removed. This part is not needed for making chocolate. Finally, the inner part of the bean is pressed and liquid chocolate is produced.【流程圖特點(diǎn)之六：一般不需要寫總結(jié)】例文分析2：The process by which bricks are manufactured for the building industry can be outlined in seven co

6、nsecutive steps. First the raw material, clay, which was just below the surface of soil in certain clay-rich areas has to be dug up by a digger.Then the lumps of clay are placed on a metal grid in order to break up the big chunks of clay into much smaller areas, which fall through the metal grid ont

7、o a roller, whose motion further segregates the bits of clay. Sand and water are added to make a homogenous mixture, which is then either formed in moulds or cut into brick-shaped pieces by means of a wire cutter.Those fresh bricks are then kept in a drying oven for at least 24 and a maximum of 48 h

8、ours, several dozens if not hundreds of bricks at a time. The dried bricks are then transferred to a so-called kiln, another type of high temperature oven. First they are kept at a moderate temperature of 200 -1300 . This process is followed by cooling down the finished bricks for 48 to 72 hours in

9、a cooling chamber.Once the bricks have cooled down and have become hard, they get packaged and delivered to their final destination, be it a building site or storage.(215 words)【考官評(píng)語】Band 9This response fully satisfies the requirements of the task. All key features of each stage of the process are a

10、ppropriately and accurately presented. An excellent overview is given at the beginning of the response and this skilfully incorporates part of the rubric, changing the grammatical function, to give a brief summary of the whole process. The message is very easy to read, with seamless cohesion that at

11、tracts no attention. Paragraphing, linking and referencing are all skilfully managed. The language used is very fluent and sophisticated. A wide range of vocabulary and structures are used with full flexibility and accuracy. Only rare minor slips can be found and these do not detract from the high r

12、ating.例文分析3：下面是劍橋6的test 3 考到的流程圖，考官給的范文。范文中有兩步考官直接就寫成一步，本來是3-8天和16天兩個(gè)時(shí)間段，縮成了3個(gè)星期，大家寫的時(shí)候可以分別寫，不用寫這么精練。范文：The first diagram shows that there are four main stages in the life of the silkworm.第一個(gè)圖顯示了，在蠶的生命過程中主要有四步。First of all, eggs are produced by themoth and it takes ten days for each egg to become a

13、silkworm larva that feeds onmulberry leaves. 首先，蛾子產(chǎn)出卵，每個(gè)卵用10天的時(shí)間變成蠶的幼蟲， 他們以桑葉為食。This stage lasts for up to six weeks until the larva produces a cocoon of silkthread around itself. 這個(gè)階段持續(xù)最多到六個(gè)星期，直到幼蟲周圍生產(chǎn)出繭（silkthread）. After a period of about three weeks, the adult moths eventually emergefrom these c

14、ocoons and the life cycle begins again. 經(jīng)過三個(gè)星期的一段時(shí)間之后，成年的蛾子最終從繭里面出來，這個(gè)生命的循環(huán)就再一次開始了。The cocoons are the raw material used for the production of silk cloth. 繭是生產(chǎn)絲綢的原材料。Once selected, they are boiled in water and the thread can be separatedin the unwinding stage. 一旦被挑選出來，他們?cè)谒镏蠓校z可以在打開的階段中被分離出來。Each th

15、read is between 300 and 900 metres long, which means they can be twisted together, dyed and then used to produce cloth in the weaving stage. 每條絲是300到900米長，這就意味著，他們能夠被纏繞在一起，染色，然后在織布階段被用于生產(chǎn)布品。Overall, the diagrams show that the cocoon stage of the silk worm can be used toproduce silk cloth through a v

16、ery simple process.范文總結(jié)：1 163個(gè)字。2 使用了很多合適的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，見陰影部分。3 主要是簡單的并列句。4 句型，搭配了一些被動(dòng)語態(tài)。5 動(dòng)詞使用豐富：produce, feed on, last, emerge, select, boil, separate, unwind,twist (多數(shù)原詞帶入)6 名詞比較專業(yè)：life cycle, raw material.雅思流程圖的重點(diǎn)詞匯解析：表述時(shí)間：in 10 daysduring the period of 10 daysThe process lasts for up to 10 daysafter 10 d

17、ays10 days passed until something happened.表示然后：then, next, in the next state, following that, after that, the next step in the stage is .表示過程：process, procedure, formation, development表示步驟：step, stage, phase時(shí)間階段：after a period of months/days/minutes, during順序連詞：first, first of all, in the first sta

18、ge, initially, to begin withsecond, then, next, alsoafter that, at the same time, in the meantime, meanwhileprior to, untilthe first stage involves / in the second stage / in the third stage /in the last stage / The next step in the stage is that目的連詞：in order to / in order that; so as to / so that常見

19、動(dòng)詞：produce生產(chǎn)，lay放置，accumulate積累，gather/collect收集，obtain獲得，heat up加熱，expand膨脹，bend彎曲，turn off關(guān)閉，cool down冷卻，disconnect斷開連接，spin旋轉(zhuǎn)/紡，strike打擊， compress壓縮，release釋放， expand膨脹， move/flow流動(dòng)， accelerate加速， form形成， press按壓， adjust調(diào)整， absorb吸收， form形成， process加工， rotate旋轉(zhuǎn)， chop坎， grind磨(碎)/碾(碎)，light點(diǎn)燃， bur

20、n燃燒， ignite點(diǎn)燃， reflect反光，turn轉(zhuǎn)，starts開始， stops結(jié)束，records錄音， turns up調(diào)高， turns down調(diào)低，winds纏繞, unwinds解開，revolves旋轉(zhuǎn)，fold折疊，unfold打開，reverse顛倒/倒轉(zhuǎn)，adapt適應(yīng)，adjust調(diào)整，alter改變，cure治愈，disappear消失，dissolve溶化/解散，exchange交換，expand擴(kuò)張/膨脹，fade退色，increase增長，promote促進(jìn)/升職, reduce減少，renew使更新/使恢復(fù)，renovate革新/更新/修復(fù)，repl

21、ace取代，swell腫脹，switch改變，transform完全改變，vary改變，swap交換，shrink收縮，melt溶解，heal/cure治愈，form/come into being/take shape形成，produce生產(chǎn)，gain/get/acquire獲取，evaporate蒸發(fā)，volatilize揮發(fā)，draw提取，recycle回收，extract拔，absorb吸收，collect收集，meet相遇，be made up of由.組成, be made of由.制成，be made from由制成， feed on以.為食，depend on/rely on依

22、賴，release/send out釋放，sort分類，separate分開，conveyed運(yùn)送，cut into切成，poured into倒入，heated加熱，melted into融化成，flows into流入-分 割 線-地圖地圖題寫作在很多書上都沒有系統(tǒng)的指導(dǎo)，它有別于數(shù)據(jù)圖，構(gòu)思方面沒有數(shù)據(jù)圖那么復(fù)雜，但在語言駕馭，很多學(xué)生都感到很陌生。地圖題分兩種，一種為地理變遷題，一種為選址題。首先我們來看地理變遷題，它描述的是一個(gè)地方（多為一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)）在一段時(shí)間的發(fā)展變化。如2006年9月A 類 TASK 1， 劍1TEST 4。就這些圖形，我們來總結(jié)地理變遷題的寫作要點(diǎn)。地圖題注意要點(diǎn)

23、：1 .地圖的起始點(diǎn)2 .方向很重要3 .認(rèn)真閱讀并盡量記住圖中已有的信息考察點(diǎn)：1 .方向方位路線順序的把握2 .相對(duì)位置關(guān)系的描述和辨別3 .表方位的詞或者詞組主要是介詞的用法4 .圖中關(guān)鍵詞的定位î 時(shí)態(tài)如果地圖題反映的是一個(gè)地方在過去的一段時(shí)間的變化，文章用一般過去時(shí)。如果地圖題反映的是一個(gè)地方在將來一段時(shí)間的變化趨勢(shì)，文章用一般將來時(shí)或表“估計(jì)”的詞匯。如果地圖題反映的是一個(gè)地方從過去到現(xiàn)在的變化，可用現(xiàn)完成時(shí)。如：現(xiàn)在停車場(chǎng)改成了一個(gè)劇院。The car park has been removed and replaced by a theatre.城鎮(zhèn)A的家庭數(shù)量從19

24、37年到2020年將翻一番。The number of homes in Town A is likely to double(is likely to= is predicted to /is estimated to/is projected to/is expected to )又可為：It is likely that the number of homes in Town A will double.(it is likely that = it is predicted/estimated/projected/ expected that.)1讀題：讀圖標(biāo)的含義，哪個(gè)是鐵路，哪個(gè)是

25、村莊等等都讀明白了。要看清哪個(gè)是公路，哪個(gè)是鐵路。有沒有交叉點(diǎn)等等。2確定寫的順序，是按變化寫還是按位置寫，還是兩個(gè)的綜合體。3如果是要求描述變化，把明顯的變化先劃出，最好用詞在圖旁邊描述，確定自己要寫幾點(diǎn)。4句型多用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。5時(shí)態(tài)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或者過去時(shí),也可能現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。表示將來的時(shí)間可以用下列表達(dá)：be predicted/be expected to do一般不用將來時(shí)，用上面的結(jié)構(gòu)。6記得用關(guān)聯(lián)的詞和句子：It is obvious/notable/noticeableIt is easy to locate/to find thatIt can be seen from the

26、graph that 地圖題最好的補(bǔ)充資料就是聽力題里面的地圖題的單詞î 細(xì)節(jié)變化地圖每個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)變化都要提到，不要忽視一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)î 語態(tài)地圖題用被動(dòng)語態(tài)如： 2000年在城鎮(zhèn)A 新建了一個(gè)醫(yī)院：A new hospital was established in Town A in 2000.î 地圖題的書寫順序：時(shí)間順序和空間順序如2006年9月A 類TASK 1The map shows the development of the village of Kelsbey between 1780 and 2000.這篇文章大體框架按時(shí)間順序，BODY 分三段分別描述

27、：1780年村莊，1860村莊， 2000年村莊。對(duì)每一年的描述，如1780年村莊，我們要注意按方位順序來描述，否則文章會(huì)出現(xiàn)混亂。這就需要考生在考前對(duì)方位詞進(jìn)行總結(jié)。地圖題的方位我們說東西南北，不說成左右。î A 在B 的東方/西方/南方/北方A is/ lies/ is located/ is situated in/on / to the east/west/south/north of B(in 表A 在B 內(nèi)部， ON 表A 和B接壤，TO 表A 和B 分開)î A 在B 內(nèi)部的某個(gè)部位A is in the eastern/ southern/ western/

28、 northern part of B.î A在B 西北部的120 千米處A lies 120 km to the northwest of B.î A 在B.角落A is at/in the south-eastern corner of B ( at 表示A 在B 外部， in表A 在B 內(nèi)部)î 在河流或道路的南邊/北邊等On the south/southern side of the riverOn both sides of the roadOn the other sideî 臨近馬路的地區(qū)The area adjacent to/ nea

29、r /next to/ just off the roadî 在道路或河流的最南端At the southern end of the riverî A 在B 的對(duì)面A is on the opposite side of BA is opposite Bî A 在B 東部的邊界上（A 在B外部）A is on the eastern border of Bî A 在B 東部邊緣上 （A 在B 內(nèi)部）A is on/ along the eastern edge of Bî “變化”詞匯地圖題描述的是一個(gè)地區(qū)的變化，那么“變化”詞匯必須過關(guān)。變

30、化包括兩種：圖形原有事物的改變，圖形新添事物。我們先看圖形原有事物的改變：î 原有事物可說成：The original/previous/former gardenî 原有事物尺寸上變大/變小：The size of the library has been enlarged/extended/halved/reduced by halfî 原有事物在數(shù)量上增多或減少：The number of homes has increased/risen/grown/reduced /decreased/dropped/fallen/doubled/ tripled/ q

31、uadrupled to 500.î 原有事物沒了：The farms completely disappeared/were removed.î 原有事物被改為：A becomes BA is transformed/reconstructed/redeveloped/converted/changed/turned over to/ into BA is replaced /substituted by B = A gives way to Bî 圖形新添事物A newly-built roadA new car park was built/established/set up/constructed/completed and opene