高考英語一輪總復習第二部分語法突破專題4代詞課件概述

1、專題四代詞專題四代詞物主代詞物主代詞即人稱代詞的所有格形式,它可分為形容詞性物主代詞(my,your,his,her,its,our,their)和名詞性物主代詞(mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs)。1.形容詞性物主代詞相當于形容詞,只能作名詞或動名詞的定語。Has your sister finished her composition yet?你姐姐的作文完成了嗎?2.名詞性物主代詞相當于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”,可單獨作主語、賓語、表語。此外,名詞性物主代詞還可與名詞及of連用,構成雙重所有格,即:a/an/this/that/these/thos

2、e/some/any/several/no/each/every/such/another/which+名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞。This is her coat.Mine is over there.這是她的大衣。我的(大衣)在那邊。I had planned to see a friend of mine,but in the end I stayed at home doing nothing.我本打算去看一個朋友的,可是最后卻待在家里啥也沒做。 反身代詞1.當賓語與句子主語是同一個人或物時,賓語用反身代詞表示“某人自己”。反身代詞還可作表語、介詞賓語和同位語。If you keep

3、on doing things this way,you might hurt yourself.假如你繼續(xù)這樣做事,你會傷著自己的。I hope he can manage it himself.我希望他可以自己應對。2.含有反身代詞的慣用語。by oneself單獨,獨自for oneself親自of oneself自動地in oneself本質上apply oneself to專心致志于adapt oneself to適應于enjoy oneself(=have a good time)感到快樂,過得愉快devote oneself to專心于;獻身于make oneself at ho

4、me不要客氣seat oneself(=sit)坐come to oneself恢復知覺,蘇醒過來 典例1(2011安徽高考改編)Surprisingly,Susans beautiful hair reached below her knees and made almost an overcoat for her.【解析】句意:令人吃驚的是,蘇姍漂亮的長發(fā)垂過了膝蓋,使它幾乎成了她的一件大衣。本空作及物動詞make的賓語,指代的是主語Susans beautiful hair,故應用其反身代詞itself?！敬鸢浮?itself典例2If our parents do everything

5、 for us children,we wont learn to depend on .【解析】句意:如果父母為我們這些孩子做好一切事情的話,我們將不能學會依靠自己。此處作動詞短語depend on的賓語,指的是主語we本身,故應用其反身代詞形式ourselves?！敬鸢浮?ourselves 指示代詞表示“這個”、“那個”、“這些”、“那些”等概念的詞叫作指示代詞。指示代詞有this(這個),that(那個),these(這些),those(那些),such(如此的,如此的事物),same(同樣的,同樣的事物),it(那個,這個)。1.this/these一般用來指在時間或空間上較近的事物

6、,that/those則指在時間或空間上較遠的事物。它們在句子中的用法相當于名詞和形容詞,可作主語、表語、賓語和定語。This is a pen.這是一支鋼筆。Those books are about Chinese traditional architecture.那些書是關于中國傳統(tǒng)建筑的。2.that 和those指前面提到過的事物,this和 these則指下面將要提到的事物。I was caught in a traffic jam.Thats why I was late.我遇到了堵車。這就是我遲到的原因。These are the questions we are requir

7、ed to answer.以下就是我們要回答的問題。(3)有時為了避免重復,可用that或 those代替前面提過的人或事物。The climate of Tianjin is not so good as that of Kunming.天津的氣候不如昆明的好。 典例(2013遼寧高考改編)To her joy,Della earned first the trust of her students and then of her colleagues.【解析】句意:讓德拉高興的是,她首先贏得了學生們的信任,接著又贏得了同事們的信任。根據(jù)句意可知,此處應用that來替代the trust?！?/p>

8、答案】 that 不定代詞1.both,all,either,neither,none及any。both指“兩者都”;all指“三者或三者以上都”;either指“兩者中的任何一個”;neither指“兩者中的任何一個都不”;none表示“三者或三者以上的全部否定”;any表示“三者或三者以上任何一個”。What do you think if we put both of them in charge of the work?假如我們讓他們兩個人都負責,你覺得如何?The old man had a son and a daughter,neither of whom treated him

9、 well,which greatly disappointed him.這個老人有一個兒子和一個女兒,但他們都對他不好,這讓他很失望。There isnt any taxi around when you want one.你需要乘出租車的時候,周圍卻一輛也沒有。2.nobody/no one,nothing及none。(1)nobody/no one指人,表示“一個人也沒有”;nothing指物,表示“什么東西都沒有”;none可指人或物,其用法相當于“no+前述名詞”。Theres nobody here other than our English teacher.除了英語老師之外這里

10、沒有其他人。(2)none還可接of短語,而nobody,no one,nothing不能接of短語。We couldnt eat in a restaurant that day because none of us had any money on us.那天我們不能在餐館吃飯,因為我們都沒帶錢。 3.any與every。(1)“any+名詞”表示“(三個或三個以上中的)任何一個”;“every+名詞”表示“(三個或三個以上中的)每一個”。Excuse me,which of the three buses shall I take to the Peoples Park?打擾一下,請問這

11、三路公交車我可以坐哪一路去人民公園呢?Any one as you please.你想坐哪一路都行。Be sure to practise all the four language skills,that is,listening,speaking,reading and writing,in every English class.確保在每一節(jié)英語課上都要訓練聽說讀寫這四種語言技能。(2)“not any”表全部否定,而“not every+名詞”表部分否定。 4.other,another,the other,others及the others。other是形容詞,不能單獨使用,必須與冠

12、詞或名詞連用,或用others;another表示沒有具體限定的“另外一個”;the other表示有具體限定的兩者中的“另一個”;others相當于“other+復數(shù)名詞”,表示泛指其他的/別的人或物;the others相當于“the other+復數(shù)名詞”,表示有具體范圍限定的“其他的人或物”。The dress is two sizes larger for me.Would you please show me another one?這裙子我穿著大了兩碼,能給我拿另一件嗎?This footballer,compared with the others on the team,wa

13、s short.和同隊其他球員相比,這個足球運動員個子太矮。One side of the board should be painted yellow,and the other (should be painted) white.這塊板子的一面應該涂成黃色,另一面應該涂成白色。5.one,ones,the one,the ones,that及those。one用來代替前面出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)名詞,相當于“a(n)+單數(shù)名詞”,表示泛指概念,其復數(shù)形式是ones;the one用來代替前面提到的單數(shù)名詞,有時可用that代替(尤其在有后置定語的情況下);the ones用來代替前面提到的復數(shù)名詞,有時

14、可用those代替(尤其在有后置定語的情況下),但是在“the+形容詞+ones”結構中不能用those;that用來代替前面提到的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,相當于“the+單數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞”;those用來代替前面提到的復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,相當于“the+復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”。Mr Smith gave me a very valuable present,one (=a present) that I will always treasure.史密斯先生給了我一件非常珍貴的禮物,一件我會永遠珍惜的禮物。The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden

15、 ones at the entrance,to let in the natural light during the day.入口處的木門已經被玻璃門取代,以便白天能有更多的自然光線進入。The book on the desk is better than that/the one(=the book) under the desk.桌子上的那本書比桌子底下的那本書好。Gradually,you will realize that the things that matter are those that cant be bought with money.慢慢地你就會明白,最重要的東西

16、是那些用錢買不到的東西。 典例1(2014福建高考改編)In some countries,people eat with chopsticks,while in ,knives and forks.【解析】句意:在有些國家,人們用筷子吃飯,而在其他一些國家,人們則用刀叉吃飯。some.others.常用于表示泛泛的列舉,所列的事物并非完整的一類事物?！敬鸢浮?others 典例2(2014江西高考改編)When shall I call,in the morning or afternoon?.I will be in all day.【解析】句意:我什么時候可以給你打電話,上午還是下午?都

17、行。我一整天都在。根據(jù)句意可知,此處指的是“兩者中的任意一個”,故應該使用不定代詞either?！敬鸢浮?Either典例3(2013陜西高考改編)Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years,she lost of her enthusiasm for life.【解析】句意:雖然羅斯瑪麗這些年身患重病,但是她絲毫沒有失去過對生活的熱情。根據(jù)句意可知,此處應該填表示否定意義的不定代詞,又因空后有of短語作后置定語表示特指,故應該使用none,表示“一點也沒有”?！敬鸢浮?none it的用法1.it指代時間、季

18、節(jié)、距離、天氣、自然現(xiàn)象、環(huán)境等。It is twelve oclock now,but its still raining heavily.現(xiàn)在已經中午12點了,可是還在下著大雨。2.指代前面所提到過的無法或沒有必要分性別的人,或指發(fā)出某個動作的人。Who is knocking at the door?誰在敲門?Its me.是我。3.作形式主語和形式賓語,而真正的主語和賓語是后面的不定式、動名詞或從句。It is necessary for us to have some exercise every day.我們每天需要做一些運動。It is no use talking to him

19、 about it.和他談這事沒用。It is said that he is studying in Beijing University.據(jù)說他在北京大學學習。I must make it clear that Ill always support you.我必須申明我將永遠支持你。 4.it用于模糊指代。(1)appreciate,hate,like等動詞后面接when,how,if等引導的從句時,用it作這些動詞的賓語,后面再接狀語從句。I hate it if someone wakes me up in the middle of my sleep.我討厭在我睡覺的時候別人把我弄醒

20、。(2)在有些短語中用it表示模糊指代。Take it easy.不要緊張。You can make it.你能行。I cant help it if he is always late.如果他總是遲到,我也沒辦法。 典例1(2014遼寧高考)Raise your leg and let stay in the air for seconds.【解析】句意:抬高你的腿,讓它懸空幾秒鐘。根據(jù)句意可知,此處指代的是上文提到的同一事物your leg,故應該用代詞it?！敬鸢浮?it典例2Who is at the door? is the milkman.【解析】句意:誰在門口呢?是送奶工。it可

21、用于指代前面所提到過的無法分清或沒有必要知道性別的人?！敬鸢浮?It 與復合不定代詞構成的固定搭配nothing but僅僅,只不過anything but絕不,根本不something of有幾分; 在某種程度上or something諸如此類的什么He is nothing but a clerk.他只是一名職員。He is anything but a clerk.他絕不是一名職員。She is something of a doctor.She has saved many lives.她算得上是一名醫(yī)生。她救過很多人的命。He is a scientist or something.

22、他大概是科學家之類的人物。 典例1He had but a cup of tea this morning.No wonder he feels so hungry now.【解析】句意:他今天早上只喝了一杯茶。怪不得他現(xiàn)在覺得餓。nothing but為固定搭配,表示“只不過,僅僅”?！敬鸢浮?nothing典例2She found herself of a celebrity,which made her a little proud.【解析】句意:她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己小有名氣了,這讓她有點驕傲。something of表示“有幾分,在某種程度上”?！敬鸢浮?something 一、單句填空1.St

23、udying Wendys menu,I found that many of the items are similar to of McDonalds.1.those。句意:研究了溫迪快餐的菜單后,我發(fā)現(xiàn)其中很多東西和麥當勞的相似。根據(jù)句意可知,此處指代的是可數(shù)名詞復數(shù),相當于the items,但與上文指代的不是同一事物,故應該用those。2.During the severe cold span ants always remind(they) that winter will soon be over,warm and comfortable days are not far of

24、f.2.themselves。句意:在嚴冬期間,螞蟻們時刻提醒自己嚴冬就要過去了,溫暖舒適的日子很快就會到來。根據(jù)語境可知此處需用反身代詞作賓語。3.I like this house with a beautiful garden in front,but I dont have enough money to buy .3.it。句意:我很喜歡這座前面有花園的房子,但是我沒有足夠的錢來買它。根據(jù)句意可知,此處指代上文提到的同一事物,故應該用it。 4.They say its a beautiful place,but I （me）have never been there.4.mysel

25、f。句意:他們說那里是一個漂亮的地方,但是我自己從來沒有去過。根據(jù)句意可知,此處表示“我自己”,作主語I的同位語,故應該使用反身代詞myself。5.It was hard for him to learn English in the family,in which of his parents spoke the language.5.neither。句意:他在家里很難學英語,因為他的父母在家里都不說英語。根據(jù)句意可知,此處表示“兩者都不”,故應該使用不定代詞neither。6.You can choose of the topics,but do not attempt both.6.e

26、ither。句意:你可以選擇這兩個話題中的一個,但是不要兩個都嘗試。根據(jù)句意可知,此處表示“兩者中的任何一個”,故應該使用不定代詞either。7.I knew that could ever stop William.He would never drop his dream of becoming a doctor once he had made up his mind.7.nothing。句意:我知道沒有任何事情能阻止威廉。一旦他下定決心,他永遠也不會放棄做醫(yī)生的夢想。根據(jù)句意可知,此處表示“沒有任何事情”,故應該使用不定代詞nothing。 8.I would like to buy

27、 a good sweater but was available from that shop.8.none。句意:我想買一件好毛衣,但是那家商店里沒有一件合適的。none作不定代詞時,表示“沒有一個人,沒有一個”,既可以指人,也可以指物。9.I would appreciate if you could help me solve this maths problem.9.it。句意:如果你能幫我解決這個數(shù)學問題我將不勝感激。此處it作形式賓語,真正的賓語是后面的if you could help me solve this maths problem。10.We used to mist

28、ake that heavy objects fell faster than light.10.ones。one泛指同類中的不同事物,其復數(shù)形式為ones,此處應用ones代替objects。句意:過去我們常錯誤地認為重的物體下降的速度比輕的物體快。11.I feel is my duty to help those in need within my capacity.11.it。句意:我感覺力所能及地幫助那些處于困境中的人是我的職責。此處it作的是形式主語,to help those in need within my capacity是真正的主語。 12.The cost of buy

29、ing a house in central Beijing is higher thanin any other city of China.12.that。所填詞指代前面提到的The cost,故用that。13.I think the lecture given by that professor is but interesting,but I managed to survive it.13.anything。句意:我認為那個教授作的講座一點意思都沒有,但是我還是堅持著聽完了。anything but 為固定搭配,意為“根本不”。14.To stay awake,my brother

30、 finished a cup of coffee and ordered.14.another。句意:為了保持清醒,我哥哥喝完一杯咖啡,又點了一杯。根據(jù)句意可知用another泛指“(三者或三者以上的)另一個”。15.We want to makeclear for everyone that learning English is not difficult at all.15.it。句意:我們要讓每一個人都清楚地知道學習英語一點也不難。此處應用it作形式賓語,真正的賓語是that引導的從句。 二、語法填空(2016河南南陽五校聯(lián)考)A young man,while 1.(travel)

31、 through a desert,came across a spring of clear water.2.water was sweet.He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder 3. had been his teacher.After a four-day journey,the young man 4.(present) the water to the old man.His teacher took a deep drink,smiled 5.(warm),and thanked the young man very much for the sweet water.The young man went home 6. a happy heart.After the young man le