專四語法虛擬語氣

1、英語專業(yè)四級考試語法系列TEM4九大?？颊Z法點(diǎn)：九大常考語法點(diǎn)：1. 1. 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣2. 2. 非謂語動詞非謂語動詞3. 3. 定語從句定語從句4. 4. 狀語從句狀語從句5. 5. 名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句）名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句）6. 6. 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞7. 7. 反義疑問句反義疑問句8. 8. 時態(tài)時態(tài)9. 9. 一些特定功能詞匯的用法（一些特定功能詞匯的用法（much, more, such, much, more, such, anything but, enoughanything but, enough等）等）2虛擬語氣虛擬語氣S

2、ubjunctive Mood3虛擬語氣概要：虛擬語氣概要：1.1.現(xiàn)代英語中有三種語氣：現(xiàn)代英語中有三種語氣：1）陳述語氣（indicative mood）2）祈使語氣（imperative mood）3）虛擬語氣（subjunctive mood）2.定義：用來表示說的話定義：用來表示說的話不是事實(shí)不是事實(shí)，或者是或者是不可不可能發(fā)生能發(fā)生或可能性比較小可能性比較小的情況，而是一種愿望，的情況，而是一種愿望，建議，假設(shè)的語氣叫虛擬語氣。建議，假設(shè)的語氣叫虛擬語氣。43.專業(yè)四級考試語法與詞匯部分每年至少有一道相關(guān)試題涉及虛擬語氣，平均下來達(dá)到每年1-2題，總計(jì)有24題。51. If I h

3、ad HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.2. If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake.4. If he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與過去事實(shí)相反看例句，總結(jié)虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)看例句，總結(jié)虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)5. If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an

4、outing.6. I think we could do it, if we planned it properly.7. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.與未來事實(shí)相反虛擬條件句結(jié)構(gòu)表虛擬條件句結(jié)構(gòu)表8一一.考點(diǎn)分類考點(diǎn)分類 - 從句從句省略連詞省略連詞if的虛擬語氣的虛擬語氣真題舉例及分析真題舉例及分析例例1: Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she_ much better results now.（2008:52）A.

5、would be gettingB. could have gotC. must get D. would getB注：注：省略省略if倒裝，時態(tài)用過去完成時；主句的時間副倒裝，時態(tài)用過去完成時；主句的時間副詞是詞是now， 但是事實(shí)上該考試成績已經(jīng)出來了，但是事實(shí)上該考試成績已經(jīng)出來了，所以用所以用B。9一一. 考點(diǎn)分類考點(diǎn)分類 - 從句省略連詞從句省略連詞if的虛擬語氣的虛擬語氣真題舉例及分析真題舉例及分析例例2: _ you _ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice. （2005：63）A.

6、If, had B. Have, hadC. Should, have D. in case, hadC10一一. 考點(diǎn)分類考點(diǎn)分類 - 從句從句省略連詞省略連詞if的虛擬語氣的虛擬語氣1. be動詞動詞were提到從句主語的前面。提到從句主語的前面。Were I you, I would take an umbrella with me. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened，should there be a sudden loud noise.11一一. 考點(diǎn)分類考點(diǎn)分類 - 從句從句省略連詞

7、省略連詞if的虛擬語氣的虛擬語氣2動詞動詞should / had提到從句主語的前面。提到從句主語的前面。Should I have time, I would call her.Had I known it, I have told youHad the damage been worse，the insurance company would have paid more.12一一. 考點(diǎn)分類考點(diǎn)分類 - 從句省略連詞從句省略連詞if的虛擬語氣的虛擬語氣練習(xí)：練習(xí)：1: _ right now, she would get there on Sunday A. Would she leav

8、eB. If she leavesC. Were she to leave D. If she had leftC132: _ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party A. Had they arrivedB. Would they arriveC. Were they arriving D. Were they to arriveD14二二. 考點(diǎn)分類考點(diǎn)分類 - 與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣真題舉例及分析真題舉例及分析例例1：If you expla

9、ined the situation to your solicitor, he _ able to advise you much better than I can.（2005:51）A. would beB. will have beenC. was D. wereA15例例2：If only the patient_ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.（2007:54）A. had received B. received C.should receiv

10、e D.were receivingA二二. 考點(diǎn)分類考點(diǎn)分類 - 與與過去事實(shí)相反過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)：17二二. 考點(diǎn)分類考點(diǎn)分類 - 與與過去事實(shí)相反過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣的虛擬語氣Examples:u If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train. u If I hadnt taken your advice, I would have made a bad mistake. u She would have come, if she hadnt been so busy. 18二二.

11、考點(diǎn)分類考點(diǎn)分類 - 與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣練習(xí)：練習(xí)：1.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _ quite such a crowd of people there.A. werent B. hasnt beenC. hadnt beenD. wouldnt beenC19二二. 考點(diǎn)分類考點(diǎn)分類 - 與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣【補(bǔ)充】【補(bǔ)充】混合虛擬式混合虛擬式，或交錯虛擬式：有時，從句，或交錯虛擬式：有時，從句的動詞所表示的動作和主句的動詞所表示的動作的動詞所

12、表示的動作和主句的動詞所表示的動作不一致，這時就要使用混合虛擬式。不一致，這時就要使用混合虛擬式。* If I had taken my raincoat when I came out this morning, I would not be wet now. * If I were you, I wouldnt have missed the film last night. 20三三. 考點(diǎn)分類考點(diǎn)分類 - It is (high, about, the) time真題舉例及分析真題舉例及分析例例1：-“What courses are you going to do next seme

13、ster?” -“I dont know. But its about time _ on something.”（2002：51）A. Id decide B. I decidedC. I decide D. Im deciding21例例2：That was not the first time he _ us. I think its high time we _ strong actions against him. (2005：60)A. betrayed；take B. had betrayed；tookC. has betrayed；took D. has betrayed；ta

14、keB注意：當(dāng)句子里面有序數(shù)詞（注意：當(dāng)句子里面有序數(shù)詞（first/second/third.）,副詞副詞only或最高級或最高級best/worst/most的時候，后面的定語從句要用完的時候，后面的定語從句要用完成時態(tài)。如，成時態(tài)。如，This is one of the most interesting books Ive ever read.22三三. 考點(diǎn)分類考點(diǎn)分類 - 結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)“It is (high, about, the) time.”中的虛擬語氣中的虛擬語氣 在句型在句型“It is (high, about, the) time.”虛擬語氣虛擬語氣中的謂語動詞通常用中的

15、謂語動詞通常用過去式過去式或者或者should +V.指現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r，表示指現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r，表示“早該做某事了早該做某事了”。23三三. 考點(diǎn)分類考點(diǎn)分類 - 結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)“It is (high, about, the) time.”中的虛擬語氣中的虛擬語氣Its the time the children learned how to behave properly.Its about time people took notice of what women did during the war.24練習(xí)練習(xí)：1. Its high time we _ cutting down the

16、 rainforests. A. stopped B. had to stopC. shall stopD. stopA25真題舉例及分析真題舉例及分析例例1： It is imperative that students _ their term papers on time. (2004:46)A. hand in B. would hand in C. have to hand inD. handed inA四四. 考點(diǎn)分類考點(diǎn)分類 - 幾種常用幾種常用“（should）+動動詞原形詞原形”表示虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)表示虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)26例例2： Which of the following s

17、entence contains subjunctive mood. (2013:54)A. Lucy insisted that her son get home before 5 oclock. B. She used to drive to work, but now she takes the city metro.C. Walk straight ahead, and dont turn till the second traffic lights.D. Paul will cancel his flight if he cannot get his visa by Friday.A

18、271 1表示主觀判斷、推測和表示表示主觀判斷、推測和表示命令、決定、要求、建命令、決定、要求、建議議之類的詞的相關(guān)從句中。之類的詞的相關(guān)從句中。一個堅(jiān)持：一個堅(jiān)持：insistinsist兩個命令：兩個命令：order, command order, command 三個建議：三個建議：advise, suggest, proposeadvise, suggest, propose五個要求：五個要求：demand , require, request, desiredemand , require, request, desire，askask除此，還有除此，還有begbeg（請求），（請求

19、），consentconsent（同意），（同意），determinedetermine（決意），（決意），decidedecide（決定），（決定），deservedeserve（值得（值得提起），提起），expectexpect（期望），（期望），intendintend（打算），（打算），maintainmaintain（主張），（主張），movemove（移動），（移動），orderorder（命令），（命令），preferprefer（情愿），（情愿），recommendrecommend（勸告），（勸告），resolveresolve（決意），（決意），urgeurge（極力主張）

20、，（極力主張），votevote（提議）（提議） 。四四. 考點(diǎn)分類考點(diǎn)分類 - 幾種常用幾種常用“（should）+動動詞原形詞原形”表示虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)表示虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)28賓語從賓語從句句：He suggested that we (should）take notes while listening to the lecture.In the past men generally preferred that their wives (should) work in the home. 29(b) 部分上述動詞名詞形式的同位語從句部分上述動詞名詞形式的同位語從句：（包括：（包括necess

21、ity必要性，必要性，pray懇求，懇求，preference偏愛，偏愛，plan計(jì)劃，計(jì)劃，idea主意等）主意等）He put forward the suggestion that we（should）take notes while listening to the lecture.This is their resolution that extra-curriculum activities be made part of their school life30(c) 部分上述動詞名詞形式的表語從句部分上述動詞名詞形式的表語從句：His suggestion was that we

22、（should） take notes while listening to the lecture.31(d) 部分上述動詞名詞形式的部分上述動詞名詞形式的主語從句主語從句：（另：（另: It is arranged that）It was suggested that we（should）take notes while listening to the lecture.It was arranged that they（should）leave the following week322“ “It is形容形容詞詞+ that從從句句” ”結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)中中。這這些形容些形容詞詞分分別為別為：

23、 advisable（適（適當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)模?，的），adamant（堅(jiān)堅(jiān)定不移的），定不移的），appropriate（適（適當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)模?，的），better（較較好的），好的），desirable（向往的），（向往的），essential（必（必要的），要的），imperative（迫切的），（迫切的），Important（重要（重要的），的），insistent（堅(jiān)堅(jiān)定的），定的），incredible（難難以置信以置信的），的），keen（渴望的），（渴望的），natural（自然的），（自然的），necessary（必要的），（必要的），obligatory（規(guī)規(guī)定的），定的），possible（

24、可能的），（可能的），preferable（更可取的），（更可取的），probable（可能的），（可能的），strange（奇怪的），（奇怪的），urgent（緊緊迫的），迫的），vital（極極其重要的）。其重要的）。 33例句：例句：It is desirable that the agreement be signed before MayI dont think it advisable that he (should) be assigned to the job since he has no experience at all.343“It is a pityshameno w

25、onderones wishthat從句從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：It is a great pity that he should be so conceited. 詞匯：詞匯：conceit v.& n. 自負(fù)自負(fù)、幻想、幻想conceive v. 懷孕、構(gòu)想懷孕、構(gòu)想deceive v. 欺騙、行騙欺騙、行騙354以以lest, in case, for fear that（以免）引導(dǎo)的目（以免）引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句的狀語從句。如：。如：* You should exercise vigilance lest you should be killed. * Take your

26、coat in case it（should）rain詞匯：詞匯：vigilance vidilns n. 警戒，警覺警戒，警覺 36真題舉例及分析真題舉例及分析例例3： The opening ceremony is a great occasion. It is essential _ for that.（2003, 47）for us to be prepared that we are preparedC. of us to be prepared D. our being preparedA四四. 考點(diǎn)分類考點(diǎn)分類 - 幾種常用幾種常用“（should）+動動詞原形詞原形”表示虛擬語

27、氣的結(jié)構(gòu)表示虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)37真題舉例及分析真題舉例及分析例例1：If it _ tomorrow, the match would be put off.（2013:63）A. was to rain B. were to rainC. was rainingD. had rainedB五五. 考點(diǎn)分類考點(diǎn)分類 - 與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣38If she were to marry Jack, she would be happyIf it should rain again, what else could I do？If it snowed tomorrow,

28、I shouldwould stay at home. 五五. 考點(diǎn)分類考點(diǎn)分類 - 與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣39練習(xí)：練習(xí)：1. If your car _ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.A. shall need B. should needC. would needD. will needBauthorized dealer：授權(quán)經(jīng)銷商；認(rèn)可交易商：授權(quán)經(jīng)銷商；認(rèn)可交易商五五. 考點(diǎn)分類考點(diǎn)分類 - 與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣

29、40六、幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語氣的用法；六、幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語氣的用法；1）wish + 賓語從句賓語從句現(xiàn)在：現(xiàn)在：過去：過去：未來：未來：過去時 (did/were)過去完成時 (had done)would/could/might+V. should I wish I were a bird. (現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在) I wish I hadnt made such a mistake. (過去過去) We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. (未來未來)2）would rather that -現(xiàn)在：現(xiàn)在：過去：過去：未來：未來： I would rather

30、 you paid me now. (現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在) I would rather you had gone, too. (過去過去) Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow. (未來未來)過去時過去時過去完成時3） as if /though + 從句從句現(xiàn)在：過去：過去時過去完成時 He looks as if he were drunk. They talked as if they had been friends for years. She loves the baby as if it were her own son. It seem

31、s as if it were spring. I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.4）without和和but for 構(gòu)成虛擬。構(gòu)成虛擬。(but for要不是要不是) Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work.But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.5）If only (要是要是就好了就好了) If only I knew his n