中考英語初一至初三全程知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及練習(xí)(初三下)

1、初三年級(jí)(下【知識(shí)梳理】I. 重點(diǎn)短語1. beg one's pardon2. multiply by3. slow down4. wear out5. try on6. make a decision,7. a place of interest8. make a mistake9. drop off10. think about11. make up one's mind,12. at all,13. at least14. by the time15. carry on16. never mind17. from now on18. come down19. hands

2、 up20. before long,21. no one,22. notany longerII. 重要句型1. be busy doing sth.2. prefer to do sth.3. regard. as.4. be pleased with sth./sb.5. be angry with sb.III. 交際用語1. -How much does cost ?2. -It can cost as little as yuan and as much as yuan.3. -It costs .4. -It's worth .5. -I don't agree

3、with .6. -I wasn't sure wheth er.7. -I wonder if .8. -What size ?9. -Have you got any other colour / size / kind?10. -Have you got anything cheaper?11. -How much are they?12. -How much does it cost?13. -How much is it?14. -That's a bit expensive.15. -Even though they're a little expensiv

4、e, I'll take them.16. -I'll think about .17. -I don't think I'll take .18. -I like .19. -I don't really like .20. -Can I help you, girl?21. -Would you like me to look in the back?22. -We can find .23. -Do you like being ?24. -Can I ask you some questions?25. -Sure.26. -It was gre

5、at.27. -Wow!28. -Yeah!29. -Oh dear!30. -Hands up!31. -Ill shoot anyone who moves.32. -Theres no need to thank me.33. -Can you remember anything else about him?34. -Come down, Polly!35. -There is a little traffic accident.36. -There's a big traffic jam.37. -Well, I'm sure he'll be here be

6、fore long.38. -I'm beginning to get angry with him!39.-Yes, we can't wait any longer. Let's go without him.40. -That's terrible!41. -That's a really bad excuse!IV. 重要語法1. 過去將來時(shí)2. 過去完成時(shí)3. 動(dòng)詞不定式4. 定語從句【名師講解】1. think/ think/about/ think of(1 thi n k 單獨(dú)使用時(shí)表示"思考",接that 賓語從句時(shí)

7、意為"認(rèn)為","覺得"。I am thinking how to work out the problem.I think she is a good student.當(dāng)賓語從句含有否定概念時(shí),通常形式上否定think ,但意義上卻是否定賓語從句。I don't think he can come.I don't think it will be windy.(2think about可接一個(gè)名詞,動(dòng)詞-ing 形式或由疑問詞引導(dǎo)的不定式或賓語從句,意思是"考慮"。I have thought about it for

8、 a long time.Please think about how to tell her the bad news.(3think of表示"認(rèn)為",一般用于疑問句中,與what 連用。What do you think of the TV play? = How do you like the TV play?2. big/ large/ great上述形容詞都表示"大",但側(cè)重點(diǎn)及程度不同。(1 big指具體事物的大小,強(qiáng)調(diào)比正常形體的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大,既可用在普通場(chǎng)合,也可用在正式場(chǎng)合。它可用來指人的身材高大或"長大了",還可表示&

9、quot;偉大","重要"之意。如: Can you lift up this big stone?On the last day I made a big decision.(2 large特別強(qiáng)調(diào)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的大,指體積、面積、容積、數(shù)量之大。如:A whale is a large animal.A large crowd collected at the gate of the theatre.(3 great除了表示數(shù)量體積之大外,又指抽象的程度,意味著偉大性,重要性,優(yōu)越性;常用于抽象或無形的東西;用于有形的東西時(shí),常帶有"偉大",

10、"大得令人吃驚"等意思,含有一定的感情色彩。如:China is a great country with a long history.He was one of the greatest scientists.3. cost/ take/ spend/ pay(1 cost表示"花錢",花費(fèi),付出(只能用于錢、精力、生命等;主語必須是物。The book cost me five yuan.(2 take的主語是動(dòng)詞不定式, 通常用it做形式主語。It took me five yuan to buy the book.(3 spend,在主動(dòng)語句中

11、主語是人I spent five yuan on (for the book.或I spent five yuan (in buying the book.(4 pay的主語是人。I paid five yuan for the book.4. expensive/ high/ cheap/ low這四個(gè)詞在談?wù)摰絻r(jià)格的高低時(shí),要注意使用。expensive與high涉及到價(jià)格"高",而cheap 與low涉及到價(jià)格"低"。(1 expensive昂貴的,花錢多的。這個(gè)單詞若談到"價(jià)格高,貨貴"時(shí),其主語不能是價(jià)格,必須是貨物、物品本

12、身。如:This watch is expensive. 這只表很貴。These glass-products are not expensive. 這些玻璃制品不是很值錢。注意:cheap表示"價(jià)廉","便宜的",其主語也不能是價(jià)格,必須是物品本身。如: The cheap table was bought from him. 這張便宜的桌子是他賣給我們的。This cloth doll is very cheap. 這只布娃娃很便宜。(2high在表示價(jià)格時(shí),含義是"高",low在表示價(jià)格時(shí),含義是"低",這兩

13、個(gè)詞不能用于物品本身,只能用在價(jià)格上。如:The price of this watch is very high. 這只表的價(jià)格太高了。The price of this book is not low for me. 這本書的價(jià)格對(duì)我來說是不低。下面我們?cè)嚳磶讉€(gè)句子的正誤對(duì)照:The price of this computer is expensive.(宜改為:This computer is expensive. 或The price of this computer is high. The price of this pen is not cheap for him to buy

14、.(宜改為:This pen is not cheap for him to buy. 或The price of this pen is not low for him. 5. alone/ lonelylonely與alone的意思比較接近,但在使用時(shí)有所區(qū)別:(1lonely用作形容詞,意思是"孤單的;寂寞的"?？芍感撵`上的寂寞,也可指偏僻的地點(diǎn)。在句中既可作表語,也可作定語。(2alone可作形容詞和副詞,意思是"單獨(dú);獨(dú)自",不指心理上寂寞的感覺。She was taken to a lonely island, lived alone, bu

15、t she never felt lonely.她被帶到一個(gè)荒島上,自己居住,但她從不感到寂寞。6. before long/ long before(1before long作“不久以后”講,切不要按字面譯為“長時(shí)間以前”或“好久以前”。如:We hope to finish our experiment before long. 我們希望不久(以后就把實(shí)驗(yàn)做完。(2long before作"很久以前"講。原意為"以前很久",故也可譯為"老早"。longbefore 跟before long不同,前者在其后面可以接名詞或一個(gè)從句;當(dāng)

16、上下文明確時(shí),名詞或從句還可以省略。Before long 則沒有上述搭配用法。They began the test yesterday, but we had made experiment long before.我們昨天開始做實(shí)驗(yàn),但我們?cè)谀且郧昂芫镁鸵呀?jīng)做準(zhǔn)備了。7. as/ when/ while(1as是連詞,意思是"當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候,一面一面",(強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí),一般連續(xù)時(shí)間不長,如:As we were talking about Titanic, our teacher came in.正當(dāng)我們談?wù)?quot;泰坦尼克號(hào)"這部電影時(shí),教師進(jìn)來了。The st

17、udents sing as they go along. 學(xué)生們邊走邊唱。(2When和as一樣都是連詞,注意它們的不同。如when"當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候"(一般表示動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生;"那時(shí)"(等立連詞,前有逗號(hào)分開I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain. 我一直呆到太陽下山,那時(shí)天開始下雨了。(3while是"當(dāng)時(shí)候;和同時(shí)"(強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí)發(fā)生,一般連續(xù)時(shí)間較長While I was watching TV, he was reading. 當(dāng)我在看電視的時(shí)候,他正在看書。While there is

18、 life, there is hope. 有生命就有希望。8. beat/win/ hit(1beat是動(dòng)詞,意思是"連續(xù)地打; 打敗; 敲打"。beat后可接人或隊(duì)名。意思是"擊敗對(duì)手。"如:I can beat you at swimming.(2win意思是"贏得某個(gè)項(xiàng)目",后面常接"match, game"。如:He won a game. 他勝一局。We won a match. 我們比賽得勝。(3hit意思是"擊中"(有時(shí)可表示"打一下"。如:The mothe

19、r hit her child out of anger. 媽媽生氣,打了她孩子一下。9. keep doing/keep on doing(1keep doing側(cè)重表示"持續(xù)不停地做某事"或"持續(xù)某種狀態(tài)"。如:The girl kept crying all the time. 那個(gè)女孩一直在哭。The baby kept sleeping about four hours. 這個(gè)嬰兒連續(xù)睡了大約四個(gè)小時(shí)。(2keep on doing表示"總不斷做某事",不表示靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)。不能與sitting, sleeping,lying,

20、standing這類詞連用。如:It kept on raining for seven days.Don't keep on asking such silly questions.10. get/ turn/ become這三個(gè)詞都可作系動(dòng)詞用,表示狀態(tài)的變化,后跟表語,但三個(gè)詞的用法稍有不同。get強(qiáng)調(diào)情感、氣候和環(huán)境的變化;turn強(qiáng)調(diào)色彩的變化;而become則強(qiáng)調(diào)職務(wù)、職稱等的變化。如:The days are getting shorter and shorter in winter.冬天的白天越來越短。She couldn't answer the questi

21、on and her face turned red.她回答不出問題,臉紅了。When did you become a teacher? - Ten years ago.你什么時(shí)候當(dāng)?shù)睦蠋?十年前。11. steal / rob從意思上講steal表示偷竊的意思。而rob表示搶劫的意思;從搭配上來講,steal sth from sb/sth ;而rob則用rob sb/sth of sth; 例如:He stole money from the rich to give it to the poor.They robbed the bank of one million dollars.1

22、2. see/look/watch/notice在英語中,see,look,watch,notice都有“看”的意思,要注意他們的區(qū)別。see意為“看到”,表示視覺器官有意識(shí)或無意識(shí)地看到物體,強(qiáng)調(diào)“看到”的結(jié)果。look意為“看”,表示有意識(shí)地觀看,強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的動(dòng)作。watch意為“觀看,注視”,指以較大的注意力觀看。notice意為“看到,注意到”,指有意識(shí)的注意,含有從不注意到注意的變化的意義。例如:What can you see in the picture?在圖畫中你能看到什么?Look! How happily they are playing!看!他們玩得多高興啊!Hes wa

23、tched TV for over two hours.他看了兩個(gè)多小時(shí)的電視。He noticed a purse lying on the road.他注意到地上有個(gè)錢包。13. Shoot/ shoot atshoot是及物動(dòng)詞,意思是“射中,射死”,賓語多為人或動(dòng)物等。而shoot at是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞詞組,意為“向射擊”,至于射中或射死與否不得而知。如:The man shot five birds in the forest.那個(gè)人在森林里射死(中了五只鳥。The hunter shot at the bear.獵人朝熊射擊了。They shot at the she-wolf,but

24、didn't shoot her.他們向那只母狼射擊,但是沒有射中/死。14. escape/ run away(1escape作“逃跑”、“逃脫”或“逃避”講時(shí),往往會(huì)有成功之意。如:The old man escaped death.那個(gè)老人死里逃生。The thief escaped from prison.那個(gè)小偷越獄了。(2run away作“逃跑”、“跑走”講時(shí),往往強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。如:Don't let him run away.別讓他跑了?？谡Z中escape和run away可以互用。15. so that./ so. that.(1 so that.為了,以便。引導(dǎo)

25、一個(gè)目的狀語從句,從句中往往有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。也可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語從句。如:I left at 5:00 so that I could catch the early bus.Speak loudly, so that they can hear what you say.He didn't study English so that he lost a chance to work in a foreign company.(2 so. that.既可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語從句,也可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)目的狀語從句。如:The classroom was so noisy that I could har

26、dly study.I got up so early in the morning that I could catch the train.【考點(diǎn)掃描】中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要集中在:1. 過去將來時(shí);2. 過去完成時(shí);3. 動(dòng)詞不定式;4. 定語從句;5. 本單元學(xué)過的詞匯、短語和句型;6. 本單元學(xué)過的交際用語?？荚囆问娇梢允菃雾?xiàng)填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子?！局锌挤独?. (2004年濟(jì)寧市中考試題He wanted to know _.A. whether he speaks at the meetingB. when the meeting would startA.what

27、 hes going to do at the meeting D. where would the meeting be held【解析】答案:B。該題考查的是賓語從句的語序和時(shí)態(tài)。因?yàn)橹骶涞臅r(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí),所以從句應(yīng)用過去將來時(shí),這就排除了A和B。賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該是陳述句的語序,所以只有B是對(duì)的。2. (2004年煙臺(tái)市中考試題-Why didnt you go to the movie yesterday?-Because I _ it before.A.had watchedB. have seenC. have watchedD. had seen【解析】答案:D。該題考查的是動(dòng)

28、詞的搭配以及現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的用法區(qū)別?？措娪傲?xí)慣商用see a movie, 又因?yàn)檎f的昨天以前發(fā)生的事情,應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí)。只有D正確。3. (2004年重慶市中考試題-Did you win the football game?-Bad luck. Our team _ in the final one.A.wonB. beatC. was wonD. was beaten【解析】答案:D。該題考查的是動(dòng)詞搭配和動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)。動(dòng)詞win通常和比賽一類的詞連用,不與人或隊(duì)連用,因此可以排除A和C。beat是個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞,既然我們的運(yùn)氣不好,就是輸了,應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。4. (2004年廣州

29、市中考試題-Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher?-Oh! Its Mr Baker, our maths teacher.A.heB. thatC. whomD. which【解析】答案:B。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語從句關(guān)系代詞的選擇。由于先行詞是人,可以排除A和D。而該詞在定語從句中作主語,只有B合適?！緷M分演練】一. 單項(xiàng)選擇1. Though he is _ seventy years old, he takes exercise every day.A.pastB.aboveC.onD.over2. The sun ris

30、es _ and goes down _.A.in the east, in the westB.in the west, in the eastC.to the east, to the westD.from the east, from the west3. Which would you like, Madam, tea or coffee?_, thanks. Id like a glass of water, please.A.EitherB.BothC.NeitherD.OK4. One of the boys is _, all the other boys are _.A.En

31、glish , ChinaB.an English, ChineseC.England , ChinaD.English, Chinese5. -How soon will you finish the building?- _.A.In two monthsB.Two monthsC.About two monthsD.After two months6. They did _ their father told them.A.likeB.asC.aboutD.with7. The fish smells _. You mu stnt eat it.A.nicelyB.heavilyC.te

32、rribleD.terribly8. Either you or he _ the team.A.is inB.are onC.is onD.are in9. He was made _ thirteen hours a day by his boss.A.to workB.workC.is onD.are in10. _ you work, _ you will do.A.Harder, betterB.The harder, the worseC.Hardest, bestD.The harder, the better11. Mrs Hu asked Liu Fang and _ to

33、take part in the English meeting.A.IB.myC.meD.mine12. Tell the students _ their English books.A.to takeB.to carryC.to bringD.bring13. It _ us two hours walk to get to our school.A.takeB.takesC.spendD.paid14. My little sister is so tired, she can hardly walk, _?A.does sheB.can sheC.doesnt sheD.cant s

34、he15. _ Yellow River is the second longest river is our country.A./B.TheC.AnD.A16. -Do you want to _ at the meeting.-No, I have nothing to _.A.say, speakB.tell, talkC.say, sayD.speak, say17.-You need something to drink, dont you?- _.A.Not at allB.I needntC.No, pleaseD.Yes, please18. She asked me _ h

35、e could dance or sing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.that19. -Arent you Marys sister?-_ Im her aunt.A.Yes, I amB.No, Im notC.Yes, Im notD.No, I am20. _, no man has travelled farther than the moon.A.To nowB.To farC.So farD.Till now二. 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. Class 3 won the football match and our class _ by them. (beat2

36、. By last Friday the students _ (learnall their new lessons.3. He will be a worker after he _ (finish middle school.4. I felt like _ (have a rest after lunch.5. Is there another way of _ (answer the question?6. Ill tell him the news that our class _ (win.7. Jim made us _ (agree with him.8. The teach

37、er _ (give us a lesson when Tom walked into the room.9. Someone saw him _ (fall off the horse just now.10. Look! A group of policemen _ (run into that room.三.改寫句子1. None of the doctors knows about the matter._ _ know about the matter.2. Tom is taller than John.Jonh is not _ _ _ Tom.3. The jacket cos

38、t so little that he bought it.The jacket _ _ _ for him to buy.4. Jim had a good journey home.Jim _ _ very much _ _ _ home.5. I didnt finish my work in time because my pen was broken.The _ pen stopped _ _ finishing my work in time.四. 完形填空Hundreds of years ago, life was 1 than 2 today. People didnt ha

39、ve modern machines. There 3 modern medicine, 4 .Life today 5 new problems. One of the biggest is pollution (污染. Water pollution has 6 our rivers and lakes dirty. It kills our fish and affects (影響 our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us 7 louder and 8 . Air pollution is the most serious kind of

40、pollution. It affects 9 living thing in the world.Cars, planes and factories all pollute (污染 our air every day. Sometimes the pollution is so 10 that it is like a quilt (被狀物over a city. This kind of quilt is called smog. (煙霧1. A.more hard B.more harder C.much harder D.much more harder2. A.they are B

41、.they were C.it was D.it is3. A.were not B.was no C.were D.was4. A.either B.too C.also D.neither5. A.bring B.have C.have got D.has brought6. A.made B.let C.taken D.changed7. A.say B.talk C.tell D.spoke8. A.feel happy more happily B.get angry much more easierC.get angry much easierD.feel and more slo

42、wly9. A.most B.all C.one D.every10. A.thin B.thick C.hard D.light五. 閱讀理解(ASince the beginning of time, man has invented many interesting things. Some of these inventions, like numbers and the radio have certainly changed history.Since 1946, one of the most important inventions has been the computer.

43、 It will change all our lives.The first computer was built at Harvard University(哈佛大學(xué)in 1944. it was as large as a room and quite difficult and slow to operate(運(yùn)行. But since the invention of the silicon chip(硅片, computer have become smaller, easier to use, and faster to operate. Some computers are a

44、s small as television sets. Some computers can be made smaller than a book. And computers are getting smaller all the time.There are several reasons(原因why computer is useful to us. First it can store (儲(chǔ)藏very, very large amount(數(shù)量of information(信息. Second, the computer can operate very quickly. Third

45、, modern computer can be built into other kinds ofmachines, like radios, cars, and planes. They can do a lot of work for us. Soon, almost everyone, either at home or at work, will use some kind of computer. The lives of all of us will be changed by this invention. 判斷下列句子是否符合短文內(nèi)容。符合的用“A”表示；不符合的用“B”表示

46、. 1. According to（根據(jù)）this passage, many inventions have changed history and peoples life. 2. The first computer was built in the middle of the 19th century（世紀(jì)）. 3. A modern computer can be made smaller than silicon chip. 4. The computer has been made much better since the invention of the silicon ch

47、ip. 5. The computer is useful because it can store lots of information, it can operate very quickly and can be built into other machines. (B Joe Biggs was a butcher (屠夫. His shop was in a village in one of the most beautiful parts of southern England . He worked in it for many years while his father

48、 was there. Then, when his father reached the age of 65, he stopped working in the shop. Joe was alone in it, so he had to work harder. Joe worked five and a half day a week. His shop shut at one oclock on Thursday, and it was shut the whole of Sunday. Saturdays were the busiest days. Joe had a big

49、refrigerator (冰箱in his shop, but he tried not to buy too much meat at a time. One Thursday a woman came into the shop at five minutes to one. “Im sorry Im very late,” she said, “but some people have just telephoned to say that they are going to come to dinner tonight, and I need some more meat.” Joe

50、 only had one piece of good meat in the shop. He had sold all the rest earlier in the day. He took the piece out and said to the woman. “This is 7.15.” “That piece is too small,” the woman answered. “Havent you got anything bigger?” Joe went into the room behind his shop, opened the refrigerator, pu

51、t the piece of meat into it, took it out again and shut the door of the refrigerator with a lot of noise. Then he brought the piece of meat back to the woman and said, “This piece is bigger and more expensive. Its 9.30.” “Good,” the woman answered with a smile. “give me both of them, please.” 6. Joe

52、 worked alone in the shop _. A.on Saturdays C.afer his father died 7. Joe sold meat in his shop _. B.on Thursdays D.after his father stopped working A.on Thursday afternoons C.on Fridays A.at 1:55, Tuesday B.at 1:05 C.to say sorry to him B.on Sundays D.every day 8. One day a woman came to his shop _

53、. D.because someone had suddenly telephoned her 9. Which of the following is true? A.People bought all the meat from him. B.The woman didnt want the expensive piece of meat. C.Joe brought the woman a different piece. D.The woman wanted to buy the two pieces of meat together. 10.Joe only had one piec

54、e of good meat because _. A.Joes refrigerator had broken. B.he tried not to buy too much meat at a time. C.he knew that the meat would go bad (變質(zhì). D.he had no money to buy more. (C If you go into the forest with friends, stay with them always. If you dont, you may get lost. If you really get lost, t

55、his is what you should do. Sit down and stay where you are. Dont try to find your friends.Let them find you by staying in one place. There is another way to help your friends or other nearby people to find you. Give them a signal by shouting or whistling (打口哨 three times. Stop. Then shout or whistle

56、 three times. Any signal given three times is a call for help. Keep up the shouting or whistling always three times together. When people hear you, they will know that you are not just making noise for fun. They will let you know that they have heard your signal. They will give two shouts, two whistles or two gun shots (槍聲. When someone gives a signal, it is an answer to a call for help. If you dont think that you will get help before night comes, try to make a little house cover up the holes with branches(樹枝 with lots of leaves. Make yourself a soft bed with