商務(wù)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)四級(jí)考試術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋

1、商務(wù)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)四級(jí)考試術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋1. globalcompany:跨國(guó)公司-acompanythatintegratesitsinternationalbizactivities-Amultinationalcorporationormultinationalenterpriseisanorganization,thatownedorcontrolsproductionsofgoodsorservicesinoneormorecountriesotherthanthehomecountry.（維基百科）2. jointventure:合資企業(yè)-apartnershipthatisformedbyt

2、woormorepartiescooperatinginsomespecialbizactivities.-abusinessorprojectinwhichtwoormorecompaniesorindividualshaveinvested,withtheintentionofworkingtogether.（柯林斯詞典）3. merger&acquisition:并購(gòu)-combiningoftwoormoreentitiesthroughthedirectacquisitionbythenetassetsoftheother.-transactionsinwhichtheowne

3、rshipofcompanies,otherbusinessorganizationsortheiroperatingunitsaretransferredorcombined.4. distributionchannel:分銷渠道；銷售渠道-alltheorganizationsandpeopleinvolvedinthephysicalmovementofgoodsandservicesfromproducertoconsumer.5. listedcompany:上市公司-acompanywhoseshareshavebeenquotedbytheStockExchange.-Apubl

4、iccompany,publiclytradedcompany,publiclyheldcompany,publiclylistedcompany,orpubliccorporationisacorporationwhoseownershipisdispersedamongthegeneralpublicinmanysharesofstockwhicharefreelytradedonastockexchangeorinoverthecountermarkets外交易市場(chǎng).（維基百科）6. Industrialcomplex:工業(yè)生產(chǎn)基地-amanufacturingareathatconsi

5、stsofmanydifferentfactoriesturningoutdifferentproducts.7. brandrecognition:品牌認(rèn)知（度）；品牌識(shí)別-aproductorproductsthathasorhavebeenrecognizedandappreciatedbylocalconsumers.8. specialtyshop:專賣店-anoutletthatdealsinorsellsaparticularlineofproducts.9. householdname家喻戶曉的名字-abrand,person,company,etc.thatisknownto

6、allorverypopularinaplace.10. loss-maker:虧損企業(yè)-abizthatcontinuallymakesnoprofit.11. homecountry:祖國(guó)，母國(guó)-thecountryonwhichamultinationalcorporationsHQsisbased.12. quota:配額，定額，限額-arestrictiononthequantityofimportsofaparticularproductthatacountryimpose.13. marketeconomy:市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)-aneconomyinwhichthemarketisused

7、todetermineresourceallocation,prices,andinvestments.14. neweconomy:新經(jīng)濟(jì)-adifferentformofeconomythatismainlysupportedbyITsectorandcharacterizedbyknowledge-basedeconomyinsteadofmanufacturing.-aneconomicsystemthatisbasedoncomputersandmoderntechnology,andisthereforedependentoneducatedworkers.（朗文詞典）15. la

8、borforce:勞動(dòng)力-allofthepeopleinacountryorinaregionthatareemployedorarelikelytobeemployedinthefuture.16. bubbleeconomy:-aneconomythatprimarilydependsonbanking,financialmarketandothertransient短暫的operation.17. venturecapital:風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本-fundsthatareinvestedinnewplantsorhi-techstartupsopentolargeriskofloss.-Vent

9、urecapitaliscapitalthatisinvestedinprojectsthathaveahighriskoffailure,butthatwillbringlargeprofitsiftheyaresuccessful.（柯林斯詞典）18. bizcycle:商業(yè)周期-Aperiodoftimethatabizgoesthroughconsistsoffourstages-boom繁榮,recession衰退，depression蕭條，recovery復(fù)蘇.19. stockmarket:股票交易；證券市場(chǎng)，股票市場(chǎng)- -astockexchangethatdealsinsto

10、cksandshares.- -thebusinessofbuyingandsellingstocksandshares.- -aplacewherestocksandsharesareboughtandsold.（朗文詞典）20. productlifecycle:產(chǎn)品生命周期-atheorystatingthatcertainkindsofproductsgothroughacycleconsistingoffourstages,namely,introduction投入期,growth成長(zhǎng)期,maturity飽和期anddecline衰退期.21. Seedmoney=seedcapit

11、a啟動(dòng)資金-theinitialequitycapital股本usedtostartanewventureorbiz.-themoneyyouhaveavailabletostartanewbusiness.（朗文詞典）22. liquidity流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)-availablecashorthecapacitytoobtainitondemand.-Infinance,acompany'sliquidityistheamountofcashorliquidassetsithaseasilyavailable.資產(chǎn)折現(xiàn)力23. exchangerate匯率-theamountofonecur

12、rencythatcanbeboughtwithanother.-thevalueofthemoneyofonecountrycomparedtothemoneyofanothercountry。24. multinationalcompany跨國(guó)公司-averylargeorganizationthatownscompaniesinmorethanonecountryinordertoobtainlow-costrawmaterialsandmakeefficientuseofalocalworkforce.25. moneymarket貨幣市場(chǎng)，金融市場(chǎng)- -theinstitutions

13、andpracticesthroughwhichshort-termfundsarechanneledtoborrowersandentrepreneurs.- -Acountry'smoneymarketconsistsofallthebanksandotherorganizationsthatdealwithshort-termloans,capital,andforeignexchange.（柯林斯詞典）- -allthebanksandotherinstitutionsthatbuy,sell,lend,orborrowmoney,especiallyforeignmoney,

14、forprofit.（朗文詞典）26. collateral擔(dān)保物，抵押品-propertyoranitemofvalueacceptableassecuhty抵押品foraloanorotherobligation.被接受作為抵押或其他義務(wù)擔(dān)保的財(cái)產(chǎn)-propertyorothergoodsthatyoupromisetogivesomeoneifyoucannotpaybackthemoneytheylendyou.（朗文詞典）27. Dow-JonesIndustrialAverage道瓊斯工業(yè)平均指數(shù)-anindexofthesharepricesquotedontheNewYorkS

15、tockExchangeforagroupof30leadingindustrialcompanies.28. Bluechip藍(lán)籌股，優(yōu)質(zhì)股票-astockthatsellsathighpricebecauseofpublicconfidenceinitslongrecordofsteadyearnings.29. Nasdaq:納斯達(dá)克-nationalassociationofsecuritiesdealersautomatedquotations全國(guó)證券交易商自動(dòng)報(bào)價(jià)系統(tǒng)協(xié)會(huì)-TheNasdaqStockMarketisanAmericanstockexchange.Itisthese

16、cond-largestexchangeintheworldbymarketcapitalization,behindonlytheNewYorkStockExchange紐約證券交易所locatedinthesamecity.（維基百科）30. （insurance）policy保險(xiǎn)單-theprintedlegaldocumentstatingthetermsofinsurancecontractthatisissuedtothepolicyholder投保人bycompany31. publicrelations公共關(guān)系，公關(guān)-PR,theactivityofkeepinggoodrel

17、ationshipsbetweenanorganizationandthepeopleoutsideit.32. depression:蕭條，不景氣-aperiodofdrasticdeclineinanationalorinternationaleconomy,characterizedbydecreasingbizactivity,fallingprices,andunemployment.國(guó)家（或國(guó)際）經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣的一段時(shí)期，其特征是商業(yè)活動(dòng)減少、價(jià)格下降、失業(yè)。33. Tradedeficit貿(mào)易赤字-importsminusexportsofgoodsandservices.34. S

18、peculation投機(jī)-engagementsinriskybiztransactionsonthechancesofquickorconsiderableprofit35. Valueaddedtax增值稅-anindirecttaximposedonconsumptionthatisreflectiveoftheincremental增值的increasesonthevalueofgoodsthroughthechainofproduction,fromtherawmaterialphasetofinalconsumption.增值稅是向消費(fèi)征收的間接稅，它反映了商品從原材料到最終消費(fèi)的

19、整個(gè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的增加值。36. Fairtrade公平貿(mào)易-tradethatconformstoafair-tradeagreement37. Subsidy補(bǔ)貼-apaymentorcontributionpaidforthemanufacture,production,orexportofagoodorproduct.-financialbenefitdirectorindirectfromgovernmenttoproducersorexporters.38. Rebate減稅，折扣-adeductionfromanamounttobepaidorareturnofpartofanam

20、ountgiveninpayment.39. taxexemption免稅-thefreedomforhavingtopaytax40. FDI外國(guó)直接投資-thefundscommittedtoaforeignenterprise.Aninvestorwhobuys10percentormoreofthecontrollingsharesofaforeignenterprisemakesadirectinvestment.Theinvestormaygainpartialortotalcontroloftheenterprise.41. freetrade自由貿(mào)易-tradebetweenn

21、ationswithoutprotectivecustomstariff.42. tariff關(guān)稅-dutiesoradutyimposedbyagovernmentonimportedorexportedgoods.43. globalization全球化-theincreasingworldwideintegrationofmarketsforgoods,servicesandcapitalthatattractedspecialattentioninthelate1990s.44. anti-dumpingduty反傾銷稅-tariffleviedondumpedimports.45.

22、tradebarrier貿(mào)易壁壘-anybarrierthatmayimpedetheimportofgoods,suchasquota,testingorcertification.46. importsubstitution進(jìn)口替代-astrategywhichemphasizesthereplacementofimportswithdomesticallymadegoods,ratherthantheproductionofgoodsforexport,toencouragethedevelopmentofdomesticindustry.47. arbitration仲裁-thepro

23、cessbywhichthepartiestoadisputesubmittheirdifferencestothejudgmentofanimpartialpersonoragroupappointedbymutualconsentorstatutoryprovision（指定條款）48. balancesheet資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表，縮寫B(tài).S.-afinancialstatementthatreportstheassetsandequitiesofacompanyataparticulartime.一個(gè)公司或機(jī)構(gòu)在指定日期的資產(chǎn)、負(fù)債和所有者投資的列表說(shuō)明。49. return收益-aprofit

24、oryield,asfromlabororinvestment.50. cashflow現(xiàn)金流-Thecashreceiptsornetincomefromoneormoreassetsforagivenperiod,reckonedaftertaxesandotherdisbursements,andoftenusedasameasureofcorporateworth.現(xiàn)金流出量：在特定的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)來(lái)自一項(xiàng)或數(shù)項(xiàng)財(cái)產(chǎn)，扣除稅收和其它支付金額外所得的現(xiàn)金收入或凈收入，常用來(lái)衡量公司的價(jià)值51. labor-intensive勞動(dòng)密集型-requiringorhavingalargeexpen

25、ditureoflaborincomparisontocapital52. netearnings凈收益，凈盈禾-thenetprofitafterallcostsandexpenseshavebeendeducted.53. productivity生產(chǎn)力-therateatwhichgoodsorservicesareproduced,especiallyoutputperunitoflabor.54. marketshare市場(chǎng)份額-theproportionoftotalsalesvolumesofacertainmarketthatacompanycaptures.55. workf

26、orce勞動(dòng)力,工人總數(shù):thegroupofpeoplewhoworkinanindustry,company,country.56. incomedisparity:inequalityinincomedistribution.57. equity資產(chǎn)，股本:commonstock普通股andpreferredstock優(yōu)先股whichrepresentownershiptoabizorganization58. outsource外協(xié)生產(chǎn):tofarmout包出(work,forexample)toanoutsideproviderormanufacturerinordertocutco

27、st.夕卜界供應(yīng)：為縮減開(kāi)支而把(如工作)包給外界的供應(yīng)者或生產(chǎn)者59. leadtime訂貨至交貨的時(shí)間-theperiodoftimebetweentheactualorderingofpartsorequipmentandthedeliveryofthem.60. acquisition收購(gòu)-whenacompanytakesoveranotheroneandclearlybecomesthenewowner,thepurchaseiscalledanacquisition,alsocalledtakeoverorbuyout.61. initialpublicoffering(IPO)

28、首次公開(kāi)發(fā)行-privatecompanysfirstofferofitsstocktothepublic62. merger合并-theunionorcombinationoftwoormorecommercialinterestsorcorporations.63. liquiditysqueeze流動(dòng)性短缺，頭寸緊張-financialpressurecausedbyshortagesofnarrowingeconomicmargins.-areductioninthegeneralavailabilityofloans（orcredit）orasuddentighteningoftheconditionsrequiredtoobtainaloanfromthebanks.（維基百科）64. reversemerger借殼上市）-itisaspecialkindofacquisitionthatenablesaprivatecompanytogetpublicly-liste