系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)-教學(xué)資料 雙語(yǔ)龐磊內(nèi)臟總論消化一ppt課件

1、Splanchnology AndThe Alimentary System主講：龐主講：龐 磊磊Department of AnatomyHUBEI UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE目的和要求目的和要求 1 1掌握胸部標(biāo)志線和腹部的分區(qū)掌握胸部標(biāo)志線和腹部的分區(qū) 2. 2. 掌握消化系統(tǒng)的組成掌握消化系統(tǒng)的組成 3. 3. 掌握口腔、咽峽的構(gòu)成、牙、舌的形狀構(gòu)造特征，掌握口腔、咽峽的構(gòu)成、牙、舌的形狀構(gòu)造特征， 頦舌肌的位置和作用，唾液腺的位置和開(kāi)口頦舌肌的位置和作用，唾液腺的位置和開(kāi)口 5 5掌握咽的位置、分部掌握咽的位置、分部 6. 6. 掌握食管的分部及狹窄部位掌握食管的分

2、部及狹窄部位 Chapter 4 The General DescriptionDifinition:means the study of viscera1. alimentary system2. respiratory system3. urinary system 4. genital systemAssociation: morphology location function origin內(nèi)臟的共同特點(diǎn)內(nèi)臟的共同特點(diǎn) 1. 位置：位于胸腔、腹腔和盆腔內(nèi)位置：位于胸腔、腹腔和盆腔內(nèi) 2. 構(gòu)造：有管道與外界相通構(gòu)造：有管道與外界相通 3. 功能：物質(zhì)代謝與繁衍后代功能：物質(zhì)代謝與繁衍后

3、代 4. 發(fā)生：呼吸、消化系統(tǒng)主要器官來(lái)發(fā)生：呼吸、消化系統(tǒng)主要器官來(lái)源于內(nèi)胚層源于內(nèi)胚層 泌尿、生殖系統(tǒng)主要器官來(lái)源泌尿、生殖系統(tǒng)主要器官來(lái)源于外胚層于外胚層. The general structure of viscera) The tubular organ 中空性器官中空性器官 mucosa submucosa muscular coats serosa/adventitia)The parenchymatous organ 本質(zhì)性器官本質(zhì)性器官 hilum/porta本質(zhì)性器官的普通構(gòu)造本質(zhì)性器官的普通構(gòu)造1.1.外表被膜或漿膜外表被膜或漿膜2.2.被膜深化本質(zhì)小葉被膜深化本質(zhì)小葉

4、3.3.血管神經(jīng)功能型管道出入部位門(mén)血管神經(jīng)功能型管道出入部位門(mén)kidneyliverlung ) 胸部標(biāo)志線胸部標(biāo)志線 1. Anterior median line 2. Sternal line 3. Midclavicular line 4. Parasternal line 5. Anterior axillary line 6. Posterior axillary line 7. Midaxillary line 8. Scapular line 9. Posterior median line前正中線前正中線胸骨線胸骨線鎖骨中線鎖骨中線胸骨旁線胸骨旁線腋前線腋前線腋后線腋后線腋

5、中線腋中線肩胛線肩胛線后正中線后正中線. The reference line and abdominal regions右季肋區(qū)右季肋區(qū)腹上區(qū)腹上區(qū)左季肋區(qū)左季肋區(qū)右腹外側(cè)區(qū)右腹外側(cè)區(qū)臍臍 區(qū)區(qū)左腹外側(cè)區(qū)左腹外側(cè)區(qū)右髂區(qū)右髂區(qū)腹下區(qū)腹下區(qū)左髂區(qū)左髂區(qū)) Abdominal regions 腹部的分區(qū)腹部的分區(qū)Nine-area method：兩條橫線兩條橫線兩條縱線兩條縱線2.2.腹部的分區(qū)腹部的分區(qū)Quadrants：一橫線一橫線一垂直一垂直右上腹右上腹 左上腹左上腹右下腹右下腹左下腹左下腹消化系統(tǒng)消化系統(tǒng)The Alimentary SystemChapter 5 Mouth口腔 Pha

6、rynx咽 Esophagus食管 Stomach胃 Small intestine小腸 Large intestine大腸 Duodenum Jejunum Ileum CompositionDigestive glands消化消化腺腺Superior digestive tube Inferior digestive tube Digestive tube 消化管消化管Digestive glands消化腺消化腺 Major salivary glands大唾液腺大唾液腺 Liver肝肝 Pancreas胰胰Function: ingestion, digestion, absorptio

7、n, egestionSection 1 The Oral Cavity 口腔口腔Consists of two parts: 1.Oral vestibule 口腔前庭口腔前庭 between cheeks and lip and teeth 2.Oral cavity proper 固有口腔固有口腔 within arch of teeth 口腔前庭口腔前庭固有口腔固有口腔插管部位插管部位BoundariesAnterior and lateral: gum and teethPosterior: isthmus of faucesRoof: palate Floor: tongue, m

8、uscles and mucous membrane 口裂口裂 口角口角 鼻唇溝鼻唇溝 人中人中 牙齦牙齦 唇系帶唇系帶. Oral lips 口唇口唇. Cheek 頰頰Papilla of parotid duct 腮腺管乳頭腮腺管乳頭頰黏膜上的突起，頰黏膜上的突起，平對(duì)上頜第二磨牙牙冠，平對(duì)上頜第二磨牙牙冠，是腮腺導(dǎo)管的開(kāi)口是腮腺導(dǎo)管的開(kāi)口Two parts anterior 2/3, formed by the maxilla and palatine bone posterior 1/3，Velum palatinum 腭帆腭帆 Uvula 腭垂腭垂Palatoglossal arc

9、h 腭舌弓腭舌弓Palatopharyngeal arch 腭咽弓腭咽弓isthmus of fauces咽峽咽峽 . Palate 腭腭腭中縫腭中縫Hard palate:Soft palate:) General featuresTwo sets: Deciduous teeth乳牙乳牙 Permanent teeth恒牙恒牙Classification: Incisors 切牙切牙 Canine 尖牙尖牙Premolars 前磨牙前磨牙Molars 磨牙磨牙. Teeth恒牙的稱(chēng)號(hào)恒牙的稱(chēng)號(hào)乳牙的稱(chēng)號(hào)乳牙的稱(chēng)號(hào)牙位記錄法牙位記錄法右上區(qū)右上區(qū)A左下區(qū)左下區(qū)D右下區(qū)右下區(qū)C左上區(qū)左上區(qū)B

10、6 5 4 3 2 1 用表示恒切牙恒磨牙用表示恒切牙恒磨牙 用用表示乳切牙乳磨牙表示乳切牙乳磨牙 牙位記錄法牙位記錄法牙冠牙冠(crown of tooth)牙頸牙頸(neck of tooth)牙根牙根(root of tooth)( (一一) )牙的形狀牙的形狀. Teeth ) Calcified tissues 牙組織牙組織牙髓牙髓3. 3. 牙本質(zhì)牙本質(zhì) 4. 4. 牙牙 髓髓2. 2. 牙骨質(zhì)牙骨質(zhì)1. 1. 牙釉質(zhì)牙釉質(zhì) ) Periodontal tissue 牙周組織牙周組織 牙周膜牙周膜 牙槽骨牙槽骨 牙齦牙齦. Tongue 舌舌) MorphologyTwo part

11、s:v-shaped terminal sulcus 界溝界溝Body of tongue 舌體舌體Root of tongue 舌根舌根apex of tongue 舌尖舌尖the foramen cecum of tongue 舌盲孔舌盲孔) Lingual mucous membrane Papillae of tongue 舌乳頭舌乳頭Filiform papillae fungiform papillae foliate papillaevallate papillae Lingual tonsil 舌扁桃體舌扁桃體 masses of submucosal lymphoid tis

12、sue on the root of tonguecontain taste buds ) Muscles of tongue舌肌舌肌Intrinsic muscles of tongue Extrinsic muscles of tongue Genioglossus頦舌肌頦舌肌Arises from mental spine of mandible and inserts into either side of midline of tongueAction: acting together draw tongue forward and downward; acting along ma

13、king apex of tongue to opposite side. Major salivary glands) Parotid gland 腮腺腮腺Superficial partDeep partParotid duct: opposite the upper second molar tooth) Submandibular gland下頜下腺下頜下腺Position: lies in submandibular triangleDuct opens on to sublingual caruncle position: situated beneath the mucous m

14、embrane of the floor of mouthDucts Major sublingual gland ductopens onto the sublingual caruncleMinor sublingual ductsopen onto the sublingual fold) Sublingual gland舌下腺舌下腺Section two The Pharynx 咽咽. Location and General featuresA fibromuscular tube, part of digestive and respiratory systemsExtends f

15、rom base of skull to the inferior border of cricoid cartilage (lower border of C6 level). Division Three segments) Nasopharynx鼻咽鼻咽 posterior to nasal cavitiesExtends from the base of skull to level of soft palateFeaturesPharyngeal opening of auditory tube咽鼓管咽鼓管咽口咽口Tubal torus咽鼓管圓咽鼓管圓枕枕Pharyngeal rec

16、ess咽隱咽隱窩窩Tubal tonsil咽鼓管扁咽鼓管扁桃體桃體Pharyngeal tonsil咽扁咽扁桃體桃體) Oropharynx口咽口咽 posterior to oral cavitybetween soft palate and epiglottisFeaturesMedian glossoepiglottic fold舌會(huì)厭正中襞舌會(huì)厭正中襞Epiglottic vallecula會(huì)厭谷會(huì)厭谷Palatine tonsil腭扁桃體腭扁桃體Lymphatic ring咽淋巴咽淋巴環(huán)環(huán)consists of pharyngeal tonsil, tubal tonsil, Pal

17、atine tonsil, and lingual tonsil, forming a circular band of lymphoid tissue at oropharyngeal isthmus) Laryngopharynx 喉咽喉咽Extends from upper border of epiglottis to the level of lower border of C6Piriform recess 梨狀隱窩梨狀隱窩a deep depression on each side of aperture of larynx頸部頸部胸部胸部腹部腹部Section 3 The Es

18、ophagus食管食管 . General features a muscular tube about 25cm long, connecting the pharynx at level of C6 vertebra, passes through the diaphragm at level of T11 vertebra and after 12 cm enters the stomach Division: Cervical part Thoracic part Abdominal part123. Three constrictions 1. At its beginning, 15cm from incisors, lies at level of C6, is the narrowest part of the esophagus2. Where it is crossed by left main bronchus, 25cm from incisors, lies at level of intervertebral disc between T4 an