外研高中英語(yǔ)省略講與練

1、高考英語(yǔ)中省略常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)講解1一、并列復(fù)合句中某些相同成分的省略。1. This beeper works well，but that one doesn't (work well). 2. All uranium atoms do not have the same atomic weight. Some of them weigh 234 units，some (of them) (weigh) 235 units，and some (of them) (weigh) 238 units.所有的鈾原子并非都有相同的原子量。其中有的重234，有的重235，而有的重238。二、在when

2、，while，if，as if，though(或although)，as，until once whether，unless，where等連詞連接的狀語(yǔ)從句中，常省略跟主句相同的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞。1. When (water is) pure，water is a colorless liquid. 水純凈時(shí)，是無(wú)色的液體。2. When (I am) in trouble I always turn to her for help. 我困難時(shí)總是找她幫助。3. Errors，if any，should be corrected.如果有什么錯(cuò)誤，就應(yīng)當(dāng)改正。(if后省略了there are)4.

3、 Wood gives much smoke while (wood is) burning. 木頭燃燒時(shí)，它放出很多煙。5. The letter is to be left here until (it is) called for. 這封信留在這里待領(lǐng)。6. Henry looked about as if (he were) in search of something. 亨利向四周環(huán)視，似乎在尋找什么。7. She studies very hard though (she is) still rather weak. 她盡管體弱，但學(xué)習(xí)仍十分努力。三、當(dāng)見(jiàn)到“when (或if，w

4、here，wherever，whenever，as soon as，as fast a s，than等)+possible/necessary等”時(shí)，可理解中間省略了it is(或was)。1. Answer these questions，if (it is) possible without referring to the book.如果有可能，請(qǐng)不看書(shū)回答這些問(wèn)題。2. When (it is) necessary you can help us to do something. 必要時(shí)你可以幫助我們做些事。四、有形式主語(yǔ)it的主語(yǔ)從句可省略that。1. It seems (或app

5、ears) (that) Joe is out，not Jack. 外出不在的似乎是喬，不是杰克。2. It is an honor (that) I was invited to your birthday party. 我很榮幸被邀請(qǐng)參加你的生日聚會(huì)。3. It's a pity (that) you can't operate a computer.很遺憾，你不會(huì)操作計(jì)算機(jī)。4. It is the third time (that) I have come to China.這是我第三次來(lái)中國(guó)。五、在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可省略作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞whom，which，that。

6、1. That is the naughty boy (whom/that) we talked about last week. 那就是我們上周議論的淘氣男孩。六、在direction(方向)，way(方式)，distance(距離)，time(時(shí)間)，times(倍數(shù))等后面所接的定語(yǔ)從句中常省略that，which，in which。1. The direction (in which) we move a body can be changed.我們移動(dòng)物體的方向是可以改變的。2. The distance (which或that) light travels in one secon

7、d is 300，000 kilometers. 光每秒走的距離是30萬(wàn)公里。七、以there be開(kāi)頭的句子，其主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句常可省略關(guān)聯(lián)詞，而there be結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，省略作主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞。1. There is a chance Dr. Li will be able to be back for May Day. 李博士也許有機(jī)會(huì)能回來(lái)過(guò)五一節(jié)。2. We have to make a list of all the books there are on the subject. 我們必須把所有關(guān)于這個(gè)題目的書(shū)列出一個(gè)單子。八、命令句、驚嘆句、部分第一人稱的陳述句、部分問(wèn)句和答

8、句中省略最為常見(jiàn)。 1. Open the door!開(kāi)門! 2. Why not?為什么不? 3. Why so?為什么這樣?4. Anybody wishing to go?誰(shuí)愿意去啊?九、用so，not或其它手段來(lái)省略上文或問(wèn)句中的一部分或整個(gè)句義，是NMET的常考項(xiàng)目。1.Can Emily do this work? 埃米莉能做這件工作嗎? I think so.我想她行。 I think not (或I don't think so).我想她不行。2.Did you know anything about it?這件事你以前知道嗎? Not until you told m

9、e.你告訴了我，才知道。3. He has gone. No one knows where(he has gone).他走了，誰(shuí)也不知道他去什么地方了。4. Jenny knows what (is to be done)!詹妮有辦法!十、當(dāng)用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)，常省略強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的that。1. When was it (that) you received his e-mail? 你收到他的電子郵件是什么時(shí)候?2. We don't know who it was (that) called the doctor?我們不知道是誰(shuí)請(qǐng)了醫(yī)生?十一、某些形容詞要求后面接一固定的介詞短語(yǔ)

10、，若接一從句，則只用that或疑問(wèn)詞直接引出從句，從而省略原有的介詞。1. We are certain(省去of)that air is a mixture.我們可以肯定，空氣是混合物。2. She is doubtful (省去about) whether she can complete it in time.她懷疑她能否按時(shí)完成。 十二、用to表示前述動(dòng)詞(包括謂語(yǔ)或非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)及其短語(yǔ)。1. You may go online if you like (to) (go online).你如果想上網(wǎng)就可以上網(wǎng)。2. Nothing can stop the boy from playi

11、ng video games when he wants to (play). 當(dāng)這男孩想玩電子游戲時(shí)，沒(méi)有東西可阻礙他玩。十三、在某些動(dòng)詞后含有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中省略to be或being的情況。1. They found the answer (to be) correct.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)答案正確。2. This conclusion proved (to be) correct.這個(gè)結(jié)論原來(lái)是正確的。十四、新聞標(biāo)題要求簡(jiǎn)練醒目，需根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ) 境推敲其省略部分。1. Boy 14，rescued from cliff face. 從峭壁上救下14歲的男孩(A boy of 14

12、has been rescued from cliff face.)。2. American President to fly to London.美國(guó)總統(tǒng)將飛往倫敦(American President is to fly to London.)。十五、注意在一些固定短語(yǔ)中某些介詞的省略。have trouble (in) sleeping難于入睡。spend one's evenings (in) reading novels把晚上的時(shí)間花費(fèi)在看小說(shuō)上。be busy (in) doing sth. (他)忙于做某事。They are (of) the same age. 他們年齡

13、相同。There is no use (in) explaining it to her any more.這件事再向她解釋是無(wú)用的。He is carrying out this experiment (in) the same way as I did yesterday.他使用我昨天采用的方法在做他的實(shí)驗(yàn)。十六。省略常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)講解 為了使講話和行文簡(jiǎn)潔，句中某些成分有時(shí)可以省略。省略可分為以下幾種情況： （一）簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略 1、省略主語(yǔ) (1)祈使句中的主語(yǔ)通常被省略。如： (I)Beg your pardon. (請(qǐng)?jiān)僬f(shuō)一遍。括號(hào)內(nèi)為省略的詞語(yǔ)，下同) (2)其它省略主語(yǔ)多限于少數(shù)現(xiàn)成

14、的說(shuō)法。如： （I）Thank you for your help. （I）See you tomorrow. （It）Doesnt matter. 2、省略主謂語(yǔ)或主謂語(yǔ)的一部分。如： （There is）No smoking.(禁止吸煙。) (Is there)Anything else?(還有其它事嗎？) (You come)This way, please.(請(qǐng)這邊走。) (Will you)Have a smoke?(吸支煙？) What(do you think)about a cup of tea? Why(do you)not say hello to him?(為何不向他問(wèn)好

15、呢？) 3、省略賓語(yǔ) （1）省略賓語(yǔ)的全部。如： -Do you know Miss Gao? -I dont know (her). -Which of the two is the better choice?-Well, its hard to tell (it). (2)在一定的語(yǔ)境中，在某些動(dòng)詞（如want, wish, hope, like, love等）之后，可省略作賓語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)，只保留to。如： -Are you going there?-Id like to (go there). He didnt give me the chance, though he had pr

16、omised to (give me the chance). 如果該賓語(yǔ)是be動(dòng)詞或是動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)態(tài)，則須在to之后加be或have。如： -Are you an engineer?-No, but I want to be(an engineer). -He hasnt finished the task yet.-Well, he ought to have(finished the task). 4、省略表語(yǔ)。如： -Are you thirsty?-Yes, I am(thirsty). His brother is not lazy, nor is his sister(lazy)

17、. 5、同時(shí)省略幾個(gè)成分。如： -Are you feeling better now?-(I am feeling )Much better (now). -Have you finished your work?-(I have)Not(finished my work)yet. (二)并列句中的省略 兩個(gè)并列分句中，后一個(gè)分句常省略與前一個(gè)分句中相同的部分。如： My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse. I study at college and my sister(studies)at high school. (三)主從復(fù)合

18、句中的省略 1、句中有一些成分被省略（多見(jiàn)于句首）。如： (Im)Sorry to hear that you are ill. (It is)Pity we live so far from the sea. 2、省略了從句中與主句相同的部分。如： They dont visit their parents as much as they ought to(visit their parents). My friend cant come to school,but I wonder why(he cant come). 3、省略了一個(gè)從句或從句的一部分，用so或not（切不可用it或tha

19、t）代替。如： -She must be busy now.-If so,she cant go with us. -Is he feeling better today?-Im afraid not. 類似的用法還有：How so?/Why so?/Is that so?/Do you think so?/Quite so./He said so./I hope so./I dont think so./I suppose not./I believe not./I hope not，等。 4、句和從句各有一些成分被省略。如： The sooner(you do it),the better

20、(it will be). -Is Mr King in his office?-(Im)Sorry,I dont know(whether he is or not). （四）其它省略 英語(yǔ)省略的情況還有很多，下面歸納幾種需要注意的情況： 1、that的省略 (1)賓語(yǔ)從句中常省略連詞 that,但并列多個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中，只能省略第一個(gè)that。 (2)在定語(yǔ)從句中，通常當(dāng)that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，才能省略。如： The noodles (that)I cooked were delicious. (3)在主語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中that很少省略（口語(yǔ)中有省略），在表語(yǔ)從句中偶爾省略。 2、不定式

21、符號(hào)to的省略 （1）并列的不定式，前面的不定式帶to,后面的不定式可省去to。如：I told him to sit down and wait a while. 但是，如果兩個(gè)不定式之間有對(duì)比關(guān)系，則不可省去to。如： Hearing the news, we didnt know whether to laugh or to cry. （2）某些使役動(dòng)詞（如make, let, have）及感官動(dòng)詞（如see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, look at, listen to等）后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式一定要省去to,但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中須把to復(fù)原

22、。比較： I saw the boy fall from the tree./The boy was seen to fall from the tree. He often makes his sister cry, but today he was made to cry by his sister. (3)find當(dāng)“發(fā)現(xiàn)”講時(shí)，后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不定式的符號(hào)to可以省去，也可以不省。如： We found him(to)work hard at the experiment. 但如果不定式是to be則to不能省略。如： She found him to be dishonest. (4

23、)help當(dāng)“幫助”講時(shí)，后面的賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式符號(hào)to可省，也可不省。如： I will help(to)do it for you./I will help you(to)do it. (5)介詞but, except前若有動(dòng)詞do,后面的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。如： The boy does nothing but play all daye nothing to do but lie down and sleep in winter. (6)主語(yǔ)從句中有動(dòng)詞do,后面作表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式的to可帶可不帶。如：What we can do now is (to) wait. 3、連詞i

24、f在部分虛擬條件句中可省略，但后面的語(yǔ)序要有變化。（見(jiàn)“倒裝句”有關(guān)部分） 4、在某些狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，可省去“主語(yǔ)+be”部分，如： As(he was)a child, he often asked many interesting questions. Im going with you if(I am)free. He opened his lips as if(he were)to speak. 5、在某些狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句的主語(yǔ)是it，其后的動(dòng)詞be及其主語(yǔ)可一起省略。如： Fill in the blanks with articles, if(it is)necessary. Whenever(it was)possible ,they would stop him and ask him the three questions. 6、在than和as引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句中，在意義明確的情況下，可省略than和as后的任何部分。如： I know you than he(knows you). I know you than(I know)him. In wi