外研版七年級下冊英語 語法復(fù)習(xí)

1、語法知識點1. 詞類：物主代詞、情態(tài)動詞can和方位介詞短語2. 時態(tài)：一般將來時態(tài)和一般過去時態(tài)3. 句型：特殊疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句和選擇疑問句下冊重要知識點梳理詞類1) 物主代詞：表示所屬關(guān)系的代詞（屬于誰的）人稱單 數(shù)復(fù) 數(shù)形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞形容性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞第一人稱mymineourours第二人稱youryoursyouryours第三人稱hishistheirTheirsherhersitsits形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的關(guān)系：形容詞性物主代詞：必須和名詞在一起。My father, your teacher. 物主代詞 名詞性物主代詞:相當(dāng)于與之相

2、對應(yīng)的形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。 This shirt is mine. =This is my shirt. 練習(xí) （1）選擇題。 （ ）1. Look at          . A. him B. he C. his（ ）2. I drive          to the park every day.A. they B. their C. them（ ）3.     &

3、#160;    classroom is big. A. we B. us C. Our（ ）4. I love       . A. she B. her C. hers（ ）5. Do you know         ? A. I   B. my C. me（ ）6. I am         son. A.

4、they B. their C. them（ ）7. This is not _ desk. My desk is over there.A. I   B. my C. me（ ）8. Can you spell _ name, Harry? Sorry.A. you   B. your C. yours（ ）9. Tom and Jack are brothers. This is _ room.A. they   B. them C. their（ ）10. We are in the same class. _ classroo

5、m is very nice.A. our   B. my C. ours（ ）11. Mrs. Green is my teacher. Im _ student.A. he B. his C. him（ ）12. Thats a cat. _ name is Mimi.A. It   B. Its C. Its（2）用括號里的代詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1, Mr Yang is _(we) teacher._(him) is from Beijing. _(his) teaches_(our) English.2, Look,there is a cat._

6、(they) is Lily's._(it) name is Mimi.3, Let_(I) tell _(she) about_(he) life at school.4, This is _(they) room.Where is _(our)?5, Don't use the eraser._ is _(me).6, The lady under the tree is _(me) aunt._(her) often sings with _(she) husband2) 情態(tài)動詞can 1.含義：表達(dá)人或物的能力，能或會2.特點：情態(tài)動詞can沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，之后要

7、加動詞原形。3.否定形式：cannot(正式用法)cant(口語)4.句型結(jié)構(gòu)： 肯定句： 主語 + 情態(tài)動詞 + 動詞原形 + 其他 + 。 She / They can swim well.否定句： 主語 + 情態(tài)動詞 + not + 動詞原形 + 其他 + 。 She / They can not swim well.一般疑問句： 情態(tài)動詞 + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 其他 + ？ Can she / they swim well? Yes, she / they can. / No, she / they cant.特殊疑問句： 疑問詞 + 情態(tài)動詞 + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 其他

8、+ ? Why can she / they swim well? Who can swim well?練習(xí)：( ) 1) The sign on the wall means you stay away from the building.A. must B. cant C. shouldn't( ) 2) How many books you see on the desk? A. may B. can C. should( )3) - you see the sign over there? - Sorry, I cant. A. Can B. Cant C. Should4.&

9、#160;  I can run fast. I _ _ fast. (否定句)5.    He can play basketball well. （一般疑問句） _ he _ basketball well?3) 介詞 overbehind/at the back of 在.后面 正上方 on on the right of. 在右邊on the left of. 在左邊 next to/near 在附近，緊挨著 in the front of 在里面的前面 under .在.正下方in front of.在.前面 between .and

10、 .在兩者之間 Lingling sits between Tony and Daming. 玲玲坐在托尼和大明之間among 在三者或三者以上之間 Miss Li is among lots of students. 李老師在許多同學(xué)之間注意：介詞短語常和be動詞連用。時態(tài)1) 一般將來時時間狀語：in+一段時間；tomorrow；in the future; next+時間；this+時間（表示將來時間的狀語） be（is,am.are） going to 的用法。含義：計劃，打算做某事將來時句型結(jié)構(gòu)：一般將來時 be going to+動詞原形 肯定句結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be going to

11、+動詞原形+其他.否定句結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be not going to +動詞原形+其他.一般疑問句：be動詞提前 Be +主語+going to +動詞原形+其他？肯定回答：Yes，主語+be.否定回答：No，主語+be not.注意：表示計劃到某地去，謂語動詞go與going重復(fù)，一般只說be going to +地點.come/go/arrive/leave等表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞可用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行表將來。Eg: I am going to London next year. She is going to check her email.Look! The bus is coming.由shall

12、和will引導(dǎo)的一般將來時含義：將會特點：助動詞shall和will沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，之后要加動詞原形。shall在一般將來時中，一般用于第一人稱之后。例如：I/We shall have an English lesson.我們將有一節(jié)英語課。否定形式：shall notshant will notwont將來時句型結(jié)構(gòu):肯定句：主語+shall/will+do否定句：主語+shall/will+not+do（will not 可縮寫成wont）一般疑問句：shall/will+主語+ do特殊疑問句：疑問詞+ shall/will+主語+do2) 一般過去時1 一般過去時表示過去某個時間

13、發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時間狀語連用。一般過去時也表示過去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。2 標(biāo)志性時間狀語：yesterday（昨天）, last week（上周）, last month（上個月）, last year（去年）, two months ago（兩個月前）, the day before yesterday（前天），in 1990 (在1990年), in those days （在那些日子里）等表示過去的時間狀語連用。3 動詞結(jié)構(gòu)：V-ed動詞過去式變化規(guī)則：1一般在動詞末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked2結(jié)尾是e加d，如：taste-t

14、asted3末尾是輔音字母加一個元音字母和一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied5不規(guī)則動詞過去式：lose(丟失) -lost make(制造) -made  mean(意思) -meant meet(見) -met  pay(付) -paid say(說) -said sell(賣) -sold  send(送)-sent   si

15、t(坐) -sat sleep(睡) -slept  smell(嗅) -smelt spell(拼寫) -spelt   spend(度過) -spent stand(站) -stood   teach(教) -taught  tell(告訴) -told      win(贏) -won think(想) -thought   

16、60;  understand(理解) -understood begin(開始) -began  blow(吹) -blew break(打破) -broke   choose(選擇) -chose  do(做) -did    draw(畫) -drew  drink(喝) -drank   drive(駕駛) -droveeat(吃) -ate   f

17、all(落下) -fell fly(飛) -flew   forget(忘) -forgot give(給) -gave  go(去) -went    grow(成長) -grew know(知道) -knewlie(躺) -lay-lain  ring(按鈴) -rang         write(寫) -wrote &#

18、160;ride(騎) -rode see(看見)-saw  show(出示) -showed              wake(弄醒) -wokesing(唱) -sang  speak(講話) -spoke  steal(偷) -stole          &#

19、160;        wear(穿) -woreswim(泳) -swam  take(拿) -took   throw(扔) -threw  become(成為) -became  come(來) -came  run(跑) -ran 4. 句式變化規(guī)則：Be動詞在一般過去時中的變化：（1）am 和is在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣as。（was not=wasn't）（2）

20、are在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣ere。（were not=weren't）（3）帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問的變化和is, am, are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑問句把was或were調(diào)到句首。句中沒有be動詞的一般過去時的句子 否定句：didn't +動詞原形，如：Jim went home yesterday.Jim didn't go home yesterday. 一般疑問句：在句首加did，句子中的動詞過去式變回原形。如：Jim went home yesterday.Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊

21、疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句？如：Jim went home yesterday. Did Jim go home yesterday?What did Jim do yesterday?練習(xí)：1、 填空1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.I _ have a picnic with my friends.2. 下個星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打籃球。What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball.What _ you do next Monday? I _ play ba

22、sketball.3. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定） Nancy _ going to go camping.4. Ill go and join them.（改否定） I _ go _ join them.5. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑問句） _ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?6. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑問句） _ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.2、 用所給動詞的適當(dāng)

23、形式填空。1.Tom _ (visit) a farm last week.2. The twins _ (water) the flowers in the garden yesterday morning. 3. I _ (watch) a film with my friend last Friday.4. My father _ (be) in London last year.5. What_ (do) you do three days ago?6. _ (be) there any parks here in 1950?7. What_(do) you do just now?

24、I _ (wash) my clothes.3、 改寫句子1. We are all happy.(改成一般過去時) We _ all happy.2. I visit my grandparents every week. (用last week代替every week)   _3 There were some zebras in the zoo last year. (改為一般疑問句并作肯定回答)  _四、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this after

25、noon.2. My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week.3. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike.4. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects? 5. Its Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? She _ (watch) TV and _ (catch)

26、insects.6. What _ (do) you do last Sunday? I _ (pick) apples on a farm. What _ (do) next Sunday? I _ (milk) cows.7. Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.8. David _ (give) a puppet show next Monday.9. I _ (plan) for my study now.句型1) 特殊疑問句。含義：以特殊疑問詞開頭的疑問句。特殊疑問詞總結(jié)： what 什么（職業(yè)，姓名等） what day 星期幾 Wha

27、t day is it today? what size 多大尺碼 What size are your shoes? what time =when 什么時間 what colour 什么顏色 what size 多大號 when 什么時候 （就時間提問）where 什么地方（就地點提問）who 誰（問人的身份，姓名等）which 哪一個why 為什么（就原因提問，常用because回答）how 怎么樣 how many多少（提問可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量）How many books do you have ? 多少（提問不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量）How much water is there in the gl

28、ass? How much 多少錢（提問價格）How old 幾歲（提問年齡）多長（提問長度）How long is this ruler? How long 這把尺子有多長？ 多長時間（時間持續(xù)多久）How long do you go to school ? 你去學(xué)校要多長時間？ How often 多久（提問頻率既單位時間發(fā)生多少次） How soon （還要多久時間才能開始或結(jié)束）How soon will he come back ? How far （提問距離有多遠(yuǎn)） 他多久才能回來？ How heavy （提問有多重） 句型結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問詞+ 一般疑問句 ？ Eg :Why do

29、 you like watching TV ?練習(xí)：就劃線部分提問。 1He often has lunch in the factory    he often  lunch？ 2They will come back in a month   will they come back？ 3He hurt his leg last Sunday   he hurt his leg ？ 4I got up at six this morning    you  up this morni

30、ng ？ 5They were drawing a horse when I came in   they  when I came in ？ 6I didn't go to school because I had a bad cold   you go to school？ 7You'd better take the No3 bus   bus  I better take？ 8He's feeling well   he feeling ？ 9The girl i

31、n a red coat is my sister   is your sister？ 10He comes to China once a year    he  to China？11. He goes to see his grandma ( twice a week ). (對括號部分提問)_?12. My father goes to work by car. ( 改為特殊疑問句 )_?13. It take ( 15 minutes ) for a ferry to cross the river. ( 對括號部分提問 )

32、_?14. You can dial ( 110 ) to call the police. ( 對括號部分提問 )_ _ can you dial to call the police15. Ted put his bag in the desk . ( 改為特殊疑問句 )_ _ Ted _ in the desk?16. The students ( went camping ) last week. (對括號部分提問)_?17. Diogenes came from ( Greece ). (對括號部分提問)_ _ Diogenes _ _?18. The way to keep fit

33、 is ( to eat food and take morn exercise). (對括號部分提問)_ _ the way to _ _?2) 祈使句祈使句指的是表示命令、請求、建議或勸告的句子。其主語you常省略，謂語動詞用原形，句末用感嘆號或句號，讀降調(diào)。1. 肯定的祈使句（1）動詞原形+其他 Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 請起立。（2）Be + adj. Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心 / 當(dāng)心！（3）Let's + 動詞原形 Lets go to school together. 咱

34、們一起上學(xué)去吧。2. 否定的祈使句：有be動詞直接加not,沒有加dont3) 感嘆句由"what"引導(dǎo)的感嘆句： what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主語+謂語 ！. What a clever girl she is! 多么聰明的姑娘呀！ What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事呀！ What good children they are! 他們是多么好的孩子呀！由"how"引導(dǎo)的感嘆句： How+adj.（adv.）+主語+謂語 ！. How happy they look! 他們顯得多么高興呀！ How wel