形容詞和副詞 (2)

1、Adjectives and AdverbsAdjectives and Adverbs形容詞和副詞 1.形容詞形容詞用來修飾、說明名詞或不定代詞，表示人或物的性質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài)。 a clever boy a beautiful flower something useful一一.形容詞形容詞2.大部分形容詞能作定語、表大部分形容詞能作定語、表語或賓語補足語語或賓語補足語, 如：如： There is a beautiful park The silk clothes feel soft. Who left the window open?3.定冠詞定冠詞the + 形容詞形容詞 定冠詞定冠詞

2、the + 形容詞形容詞”表示一類人表示一類人或物，作或物，作“主語或賓語主語或賓語”，意思為，意思為“的一種人的一種人”，“的一類的一類東西或事情東西或事情”。 The new will take the place of the old . The young are fond of sports .4有些形容詞只能作表語有些形容詞只能作表語 如：如： 敘述形容詞只能作表語，所以又稱為表敘述形容詞只能作表語，所以又稱為表語形容詞。這類語形容詞。這類形容詞沒有級的變化，形容詞沒有級的變化，也不可用程度副詞也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以修飾。大多數(shù)以a開開頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。例如：頭的形容

3、詞都屬于這一類。例如：afraid 害怕的。害怕的。 （錯）（錯） She is an afraid girl. ( 對）對） The girl is afraid. well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等 5.詞加詞加-ed 和和 ing都可構(gòu)成形容詞都可構(gòu)成形容詞 加加-ed的形容詞表示的形容詞表示“人感到如人感到如何何”，加，加-ing的形容詞則用來描寫的形容詞則用來描寫事物事物， 如：如： We were excited when we heard the exciting news. encourag

4、ing,exciting,interesting, pleasing,promising,surprising 6.ly等后綴 形容詞 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，brotherly (有有品質(zhì)的品質(zhì)的 ) ： (錯）錯） She sang lovely. （錯）（錯） He spoke to me very friendly. （對）（對） Her singing was lovely. （對）（對） He spoke to me in a very friendly voice. 有些以有些以-ly 結(jié)尾既為形容詞，也為副詞。結(jié)尾

5、既為形容詞，也為副詞。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily.7.形容詞后綴 分兩大類。一類是加到名詞上的分兩大類。一類是加到名詞上的 (1)加到名詞上的主要有：加到名詞上的主要有： -y，：，：bloody, dirty, healthy, juicy, muddy； -ful：careful, faithful, helpful, peaceful, useful； -less：careless, harmless, noiseless, sens

6、eless, useless； -ous/-ious：dangerous; courageous, mysterious； -al/-tal/-ial/-tial：accidental, horizontal, colonial, influential； -ic/-etic/-atic，：，：artistic, sympathetic, systematic； -ish：childish, foolish, selfish； -ed/-en：skilled, horned, golden, wooden。 (2)加到動詞上的有加到動詞上的有 -ent/-ant，如：如：dependent,

7、different, observant, pleasant； -able/-ible，如：，如： agreeable, comfortable, defensible, sensible(明智的明智的;合情理的合情理的 )； -ive/-tive/-ative/-itive，如：，如：active, attentive, imaginative, sensitive(敏感的敏感的;易受傷害的易受傷害的 )； -ed/-en，如：，如：advanced, noted, stolen, swollen； -ing，如：，如：annoying, disgusting, entertaining。

8、多個形容詞修飾名詞時，其排序規(guī)律是：多個形容詞修飾名詞時，其排序規(guī)律是： (限定詞限定詞+程度副詞程度副詞+) 描繪描繪+大小大小(長短、高長短、高低低)+形狀形狀+年齡年齡(新舊新舊)+顏色顏色+國籍或產(chǎn)地國籍或產(chǎn)地+物質(zhì)材料物質(zhì)材料+類別或用途類別或用途+名詞名詞 ,如：如： A good large old red Chinese wooden table This new English book8.形容詞在句子中的位置形容詞在句子中的位置高考鏈接高考鏈接1. What a nice fire you have in your fireplace! During the winter

9、I like my house _. (2005上海上海) A. warmly and comfortably B. warm and comfortable C. warm and comfortably D. warmly and comfortable 2.Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. (2007北京北京) A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring 3. All the people _at the party we

10、re his supporters. (2006北京北京) A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important形容詞作定語一般位于所修飾的名詞前，但下列三種情況形容詞作定語一般位于所修飾的名詞前，但下列三種情況形容詞要后置：形容詞要后置：形容詞短語作定語時；形容詞短語作定語時；表語形容詞作定語時；表語形容詞作定語時；修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時。修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時。 4. John Smith, a successful businessman, has a _car. (2004遼寧遼寧) A. large German white B. large w

11、hite German C. white large German D. German large white 5._ students are required to take part in the boat race. (2004浙江浙江) A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong young C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese多個形容詞修飾名詞時，其排序規(guī)律是：多個形容詞修飾名詞時，其排序規(guī)律是：(限定詞限定詞+程度副詞程度副詞+) 描繪描繪+大小大小(

12、長短、高低長短、高低)+形狀形狀+年齡年齡(新舊新舊)+顏色顏色+國籍或產(chǎn)地國籍或產(chǎn)地+物質(zhì)材料物質(zhì)材料+類別或用途類別或用途+名詞名詞 6.Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _. (2004重慶重慶) A. worried B. to worried C. worrying D. worry 7.It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader. (2006上海上海) A.

13、 interested; interest B. interesting; be interested C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest 1.副詞副詞是用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或整個句子。 Mr. Smith used to smoke heavily. Obviously, he was telling lies.二、副詞二、副詞 2.副詞在句子中主要用作狀語，許多副詞皆由形副詞在句子中主要用作狀語，許多副詞皆由形容詞加容詞加-ly 構(gòu)成，如：構(gòu)成，如：careful-carefully. 副詞主要被分為以下幾

14、種：副詞主要被分為以下幾種： 1)時間副詞，如：時間副詞，如：often，early，usually，frequently always constantly now 2)地點副詞，如：地點副詞，如：here，above，outside，below，there 3)方式副詞，如：方式副詞，如：hard，fast，badly，well 4)程度副詞，如：程度副詞，如：very，quite，much，still，even，almost 5)疑問副詞，如：疑問副詞，如：how，when，why， where 3.副詞在句子中的位置副詞在句子中的位置 表示確定時間的副詞和地點的表示確定時間的副詞和地點

15、的副詞，一般放在句尾，如句中同時有副詞，一般放在句尾，如句中同時有地點副詞和時間副詞，地點副詞和時間副詞，地點副詞通常地點副詞通常在前在前，時間副詞在后。時間副詞在后。 修飾形容詞和副詞的程度副詞，除修飾形容詞和副詞的程度副詞，除enough后置外，一般放在被修飾詞的后置外，一般放在被修飾詞的前面前面。副詞在此作狀語。副詞在此作狀語。 如：如： be well enough, go fast enough 1. You should try to get a good nights sleep _ much work you have to do. A. however B. no matte

16、r C. although D. whatever 2. He tried his best to solve the problem, _ difficult it was. A. how B. no matter how C. whatever D. although 3. My room is small; _, its comfortable. A. although B. whatever C. however D. no matter 4.This washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses _ water

17、 and electricity than _ models.(2006北京北京) A. less; older B. less; elder C. fewer; older D. fewer; elder5.Letterboxes are much more _ in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead. (2006浙江浙江) A. common B. normal C. ordinary D. usual 6.The committee is discussing the problem right

18、 now. It will _ have been solved by the end of next week. (2006江蘇江蘇) A. eagerly B. hopefully C. immediately D. gradually7.I thought she was famous, but none of my friends have _heard of her. (2006廣東廣東) A. even B. ever C. just D. never三、形容詞副詞原級、比較級和三、形容詞副詞原級、比較級和最高級的用法最高級的用法 1 .兩者比較情況一樣兩者比較情況一樣，常用，常用

19、“as+形容詞形容詞原級原級+as”句型。句型。 He is as tall as his monitor .2. 兩者比較，表示一方在某方面不如另兩者比較，表示一方在某方面不如另一方，常用一方，常用“not so /as +形容詞原級形容詞原級+as”句型。句型。 A train doesnt travel so fast as a plane .3.三者或三者以上比較，表示某三者或三者以上比較，表示某人某物人某物“最最”時，用時，用“the+形容詞最高級形容詞最高級+比較范圍比較范圍”句型。句型。Asia is the largest of the seven continents . S

20、he writes (the) most carefully of the three .4.比較級比較級+and+比較級比較級“越來越越來越” It is getting cooler and cooler in autumn. She is becoming more and more active in taking part in social activities.5.the +比較級，比較級，the +比較級比較級“越越越越” The harder he studies , the greater progress he will make .1. as+形容詞形容詞/副詞原級副詞

21、原級+as1. She doesnt speak _her friend, but her written work is excellent. (2005全國全國) A. as well as B. so often as C. so much as D. as good as 2.John is the tallest boy in the class, _ according to himself. (2005安徽安徽) A. five foot eight as tall as B. as tall as five foot eight C. as five foot eight ta

22、ll as D. as tall five foot eight as 2. not as/so+原級原級+as (3) He speaks English well indeed, but of course not _a native speaker. (2004上海上海) A. as fluent as B. more fluent than C. so fluently as D. much fluently than (4)Do you have a big library? No, we dont at least, not _ yours. A. bigger as B. so

23、big as C. as big than D. as bigger than3. as +形容詞+(a/an+)名詞+as (5) Our neighbor has _ ours. (2003北京北京) A. as a big house as B. as big a house asC. the same big house as D. a house the same big as (6)It is generally believed that teaching is _ it is a science. (2001全國全國) A. an art much as B. much an

24、art as C. as an art much as D. as much an art as4.比較級+than (7)Did you take enough money with you? No, I needed _ I thought I would. (2006全國全國II) A. not so much as B. as much as C. much more than D. much less than (8)Mr. Smith owns _collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met. (2005山東山東 A. l

25、arger B. a larger C. the larger D. a large 5. 隱含式比較級 有時省略或不點明被比較的對象，而是通過語境有時省略或不點明被比較的對象，而是通過語境來暗示被比較的對象來暗示被比較的對象 (9)I wish youd do _ talking and some more work. Thus things will become better. (2006江蘇江蘇) A. a bit less B. any less C. much more D. a little more (10)I dont think this film is by far th

26、e most boring. I have seen_ . (2006江西江西) A. better B. worse C. the best D. the worst11 Mary kept weighing herself to see how much _ she was getting. (2004全國全國) A. heavier B. heavy C. the heavier D. the heaviest 6. 否定式謂語+比較級：有最高級含義 12 Your story is perfect; Ive never heard _ before. (2006全國全國II) A. t

27、he better one B. the best one C. a better one D. a good one 13. Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds, and I have not seen _ this year. (2005浙江浙江)A. the best B. better C. the most D. more7. least +原級原級 (最不最不) 14.The salesman showed her several bags and she chose _one as she didnt want to spend too

28、much time on it. (1991上海上海) A. the less expensive B. less expensive C. the least expensive D. least expensive 15. David has won the first prize in singing; he is still very excited now and feels_ desire to go to bed. (2005江蘇江蘇) A. the most B. more C. worse D. the least 8. the+比較級, the+比較級 16.In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go, _. (2008上海上海) A. our holiday will be better B. our holiday will be the better C. the better our holiday will be D. the better will our holiday be 9.其它含比較級的短語