IT的用法及練習(xí)課件

1、 IT 的 用法及練習(xí)I、 用作人稱代詞的用作人稱代詞的 itII.用作非人稱代詞的用作非人稱代詞的 itIII.用作先行詞的用作先行詞的 itIV.用在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的用在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的 itV. 用在固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的用在固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的 itVI.Exercises（1）代替前文提到過的事物。）代替前文提到過的事物。The train has arrived. It arrived half an hour ago. （2）用以代替提示代詞）用以代替提示代詞this, that。Whats this? Its a knife.Whose watch is that? Its mine.（3）起指示代詞的

2、作用，指一個(gè)人或事物。）起指示代詞的作用，指一個(gè)人或事物。Who is knocking at the door? Its me.1. 用作人稱代詞用作人稱代詞（4）也可以指動(dòng)物或未知性別的嬰兒。也可以指動(dòng)物或未知性別的嬰兒?！癢here is the cat?” “Its under the bed.” How about the baby? - Ill take care of it.（5）用于上文提到的情況用于上文提到的情況 Her mother kept telling her not to go out at night, but it didnt help. 她母親老叫她晚上不要出

3、去，但是沒用。她母親老叫她晚上不要出去，但是沒用。（2）指環(huán)境情況等。）指環(huán)境情況等。It was very noisy (quiet) at the very moment.（3）指時(shí)間。）指時(shí)間。What time is it? Its eight oclock.（4）指季節(jié)。）指季節(jié)。It often rains in summer here.（5）指距離）指距離。It is a long way to the school.2、用作非人稱代詞、用作非人稱代詞（1）指天氣指天氣Its raining. 3. 用作先行詞的用作先行詞的 itv當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞

4、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或名詞性從句時(shí)，常把以上真正詞或名詞性從句時(shí)，常把以上真正的主語(yǔ)放在句末，而用的主語(yǔ)放在句末，而用 it 放在主語(yǔ)放在主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的位置上，使句子結(jié)構(gòu)更清或賓語(yǔ)的位置上，使句子結(jié)構(gòu)更清楚。這時(shí)，楚。這時(shí)，it 叫先行詞作形式主語(yǔ)叫先行詞作形式主語(yǔ)/形式賓語(yǔ)。形式賓語(yǔ)。 (1).形式主語(yǔ)形式主語(yǔ)v當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或名詞性從句當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或名詞性從句時(shí)，常把以上真正的主語(yǔ)放在句末，而用時(shí)，常把以上真正的主語(yǔ)放在句末，而用 it 放在主語(yǔ)的位置上，使句子結(jié)構(gòu)更清楚。這放在主語(yǔ)的位置上，使句子結(jié)構(gòu)更清楚。這時(shí)，時(shí)，it 叫形式主語(yǔ)。叫形式主語(yǔ)。ve.g. Its v

5、ery useful to master English.vIts no use learning without thinking.vIt worried me that she didnt phone.It is not easy to finish the work in two days.It is no use crying over spilt milk.It is a pity that you didnt read the book.（2） .形式賓語(yǔ)形式賓語(yǔ)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或名詞性從當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或名詞性從句時(shí)，常把以上真正的主語(yǔ)放在句末，句時(shí)，常把以上

6、真正的主語(yǔ)放在句末，而用而用 it 放在賓語(yǔ)的位置上，使句子結(jié)構(gòu)放在賓語(yǔ)的位置上，使句子結(jié)構(gòu)更清楚。這時(shí)，更清楚。這時(shí)，it 叫形式賓語(yǔ)。叫形式賓語(yǔ)。 e.g. I feel it no use crying.vI think it strange that no one would take the money.v注：注： it作形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)之后一定要有作形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)之后一定要有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。否則，就不能用賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。否則，就不能用it了。因?yàn)榱?。因?yàn)橘e語(yǔ)已賓語(yǔ)已經(jīng)在句末。經(jīng)在句末。I think it no use arguing with him.I found it very i

7、nteresting to study English.He made it clear （他說 ） that he was not interested in that subject.4. 用在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的用在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的it (1)v強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的主語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的主語(yǔ), 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ), 表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用：表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用：v“It is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分 + that連剩余部連剩余部分分”. 這種句型不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的這種句型不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是人，可用部分是人，可用who/whom代替代替that。ve.g. He is on duty today

8、 in the factory.v v It is he that/who is on duty todayv Its on duty that he is todayv Its today that he is on duty inv Its in the factory that he is4. 用在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的用在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的it(2)v注注1：-句中的句中的that不能用不能用where/when代替。代替。v注注2：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的謂語(yǔ)只能有兩種：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的謂語(yǔ)只能有兩種：was/is.v注注3：強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)保持：強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。一致。

9、ve.g. It is I that am a student.v(不能用不能用is/was/are/were)vIt was Tom and his sister that were praised.v注注4：not until 句型用在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，主句不再倒句型用在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，主句不再倒裝了。裝了。ve.g. It was not until 9 oclock that I went to bed.4. 用在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的用在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的it(3)v注注5：要檢查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與其它句型的區(qū)別就是去掉要檢查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與其它句型的區(qū)別就是去掉 “its/wasthat” , 在將句子還原，不多一個(gè)詞不

10、少在將句子還原，不多一個(gè)詞不少一個(gè)詞，句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，否則是其它句型。一個(gè)詞，句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，否則是其它句型。ve.g. It was last night that I saw the film. (強(qiáng)強(qiáng)) It was reported that these books sell well. (主從主從) v It is in the place that I was born. （強(qiáng)）（強(qiáng)）ve.g. It is the place where I was born. （定從）（定從） = It is the place that I was born in. 4.

11、用在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的用在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的it(4)v注注6：在特殊疑問句中，只能強(qiáng)調(diào)特殊疑問詞。在特殊疑問句中，只能強(qiáng)調(diào)特殊疑問詞。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：其結(jié)構(gòu)為：“疑問詞疑問詞+強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問句？強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問句？”v即：即：“wh- + is/was it that連剩余部分？連剩余部分？”ve.g. Where were you born? vWhere was it that you were born?vWhere is it that well leave?5. 用在固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的itve.g. Take it easy. Take it for granted. Believe it or n

12、ot.ve.g. “hello! Who is that (speaking)?” “This is john/I (speaking). 不能用不能用it代代this區(qū)別區(qū)別：替代詞：替代詞one, ones, that, those, it, this, thatone, ones, that, thoseThat替換單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞；替換單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞；one只替換單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞。只替換單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞。The vase on the left is more beautiful than the one on the right.The coffee produced

13、in Brazil is more famous than that in Mexico.That只用于替換表示事物的名詞，只用于替換表示事物的名詞， 而而one/ones替換表示人和表示替換表示人和表示事物的名詞皆可。事物的名詞皆可。His younger sister is taller than the elder one.I need the plastic bags, not the paper ones.The computers in our school are connected to the Internet while those in their school aren

14、t.The football players on our team seem to be more energetic than those on your team.That/ those一般用于替換有定冠詞的名詞；一般用于替換有定冠詞的名詞；one/ones用于替換有用于替換有不定冠詞的名詞。不定冠詞的名詞。The style of the building is similar to that of a temple.A CD player made in Japan costs more than one made in Hong Kong.That/ those一般不帶前置定語(yǔ)，但

15、必須有后置定語(yǔ)。一般不帶前置定語(yǔ)，但必須有后置定語(yǔ)。One/ones都可。當(dāng)替換詞的后置定語(yǔ)用所有格的都可。當(dāng)替換詞的后置定語(yǔ)用所有格的of短語(yǔ)或當(dāng)替換詞被短語(yǔ)或當(dāng)替換詞被所有格修飾時(shí)，不用所有格修飾時(shí)，不用one/ones而用而用that of/those of.I like the vase better than the one / that in another shop.The windows of your flat are cleaner than those of mine.A grandparents job is easier than that of a parent.2

16、) it, this 和和 that都可以替代前文已提到的事或情況，細(xì)微差別在于都可以替代前文已提到的事或情況，細(xì)微差別在于it不如其余不如其余兩者那么強(qiáng)調(diào)。兩者那么強(qiáng)調(diào)。 So she decided to paint the door pink. It upset the neighbours a bit. So she decided to paint the house pink. That really upset the neighbours, as you can imagine. 當(dāng)前面提到的事物不止一件時(shí)，當(dāng)前面提到的事物不止一件時(shí)， it通常指最先提到的事物，而通常指最先提

17、到的事物，而This/that是指最后提到的事物。是指最后提到的事物。We keep the ice cream machine in the spare room. It is mainly used by the children. (指指 the machine)We keep the ice cream machine in the spare room. This/That is mainly used by the children. (指指the spare room)This可以出現(xiàn)在它所指代的事物之前；而可以出現(xiàn)在它所指代的事物之前；而that則指上文所提到的則指上文所提到的

18、事物。事物。Listen to this! We will have three days off. “A penny saved is a penny earned.” Who said that?3) It和和oneIt用以指特定的前面提到過的事物，即：用以指特定的前面提到過的事物，即：it和它替換的是同一個(gè)和它替換的是同一個(gè)事物，事物，it前無修飾語(yǔ)；而前無修飾語(yǔ)；而one用于替換與前提事物有共同之處用于替換與前提事物有共同之處但并不完全一樣的事物，因此，但并不完全一樣的事物，因此，one之前或之后一定有修飾語(yǔ)之前或之后一定有修飾語(yǔ)來加以區(qū)別。來加以區(qū)別。I bought a dicti

19、onary three years ago and I am still using it now.I bought a dictionary three years ago but I am going to buy a new one soon.I. Discuss the following sentences and tell the function of “ it ”: 1. Its difficult to remember all their names. 2. Its very quiet in the caf. 3. It rained for three days . 4

20、. He made it clear that he didnt want to speak to me . 5. It was nice to meeting you. 6. It was on Tuesday that Smith came. 7. Its three miles from here to the nearest garage. 8. A tall man stood up and shook hands. It was captain Lawrie. 9. I hear you bought a new bike .Can you show it to me ? 10.

21、It was five a clock when we got back home yesterday. 11. It was dirty and wet below the ship where the slaves were kept. 12. It was on this coast that lots of his people disappeared. 13. It was most likely that one third of them had lost their lives.6.Exercises精典名題導(dǎo)解精典名題導(dǎo)解 選擇填空選擇填空1. _ is a fact tha

22、t English is being accepted as an international language.(NMET 1995)A.There B.This C.That D.It 解析：答案為解析：答案為D。本題考查作形式主語(yǔ)的本題考查作形式主語(yǔ)的用法。用法。that引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的主語(yǔ)。為引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的主語(yǔ)。為避免頭重腳輕而平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，將避免頭重腳輕而平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，將it置于句置于句首作形式主語(yǔ)。首作形式主語(yǔ)。2. I hope there are enough glasse for each guest to have _.(NMET 1995)A.it B.those

23、C.them D.one解析：答案為解析：答案為D。本題考查替代詞。本題考查替代詞it和和one的區(qū)別。的區(qū)別。it用于替代同類的、特定的、用于替代同類的、特定的、同一的事物；同一的事物；one替代同類的、泛指的人替代同類的、泛指的人或物。根據(jù)題意或物。根據(jù)題意“我希望有足夠的杯子使我希望有足夠的杯子使每個(gè)客人有一個(gè)。每個(gè)客人有一個(gè)。”可知應(yīng)用可知應(yīng)用one泛指泛指enough glasses中的一中的一個(gè)。個(gè)。3. Was _ that I saw last night at the concert?A.it you B.not you C.you D.that yourself解析：答案為

24、解析：答案為A。本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的疑。本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的疑問式。只須將句序變?yōu)殛愂鼍浔悴浑y得出答問式。只須將句序變?yōu)殛愂鼍浔悴浑y得出答案。案。5.I have always been honest and straightforward,And it doesnt matter_Im talking to. who is it B. who it isA.C. it is who D. it is whom6.It wont be long _ he comes to our help. A. before B.since C. after D. when7.( 05上海38）_in the

25、regulation that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. What is required B. what requires A.C. It is required D. It requires返回目錄考點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè) 1. Do you see those three girls? I know _ in the middle. A.one B.a one C.this one D.the one 【解析】根據(jù)“three girls”這一語(yǔ)境的限定，中間的那個(gè)女孩當(dāng)然為特指，故用the

26、 one（相當(dāng)于the girl）。選項(xiàng)C中的this與前句中的those不一致。D 【答案】代 詞返回目錄考點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè) 2. As a student, we do need a lot of exercises to make the text knowledge _. A.to be ours B.our own C.of our own D.ours own代 詞 【解析】動(dòng)詞make可接名詞作賓補(bǔ)，表示“使（賓語(yǔ)）成為”。如：Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work.試題中的“our own”即“our own knowle

27、dge”，是動(dòng)詞make后的賓補(bǔ)，該部分意思為“使課本知識(shí)成為自己的知識(shí)”。 【答案】B返回目錄考點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè) 3. In the time _ takes to drink a cup of coffee, customers can get a pair of special-made shoes in this store. A.it B.one C.that D.when代 詞 【解析解析】本句為】本句為“It takes time to do sth.”It takes time to do sth.”句型，句型，it takes it takes to drink a cup of co

28、ffeeto drink a cup of coffee為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾the time,the time,定語(yǔ)從句中定語(yǔ)從句中省略了作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞省略了作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞thatthat。如用。如用oneone，則與句子的主語(yǔ)，則與句子的主語(yǔ)the customersthe customers在人稱上不一致。在人稱上不一致。 【答案】A返回目錄 4. Come as quickly as you can, Jack. Sure,_ wont be long. A.I B. you C. that D. it 考點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè)代 詞 【解析解析】“I wont be long.”I w

29、ont be long.”為一固定說法，表示為一固定說法，表示“我我很快就來（完）了很快就來（完）了” ” 。以人作主語(yǔ)，形容詞。以人作主語(yǔ)，形容詞longlong作表語(yǔ)的這作表語(yǔ)的這種用法又如：種用法又如： Will you be long? Will you be long? 你要花很久的時(shí)間嗎？你要花很久的時(shí)間嗎？ Dont be long about it.Dont be long about it.別慢吞吞的。關(guān)于選項(xiàng)別慢吞吞的。關(guān)于選項(xiàng)D D，it it雖然可雖然可表時(shí)間，但不合本句的語(yǔ)境表時(shí)間，但不合本句的語(yǔ)境。 【答案】A返回目錄 5. Some students like t

30、o be told about American culture but are less interested in spending the time and the effort to actually experience _. A.one B.it C.those D.them考點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè)代 詞 【解析解析】 it it 在句中作動(dòng)詞在句中作動(dòng)詞experienceexperience的賓語(yǔ)，代替上文提的賓語(yǔ)，代替上文提到的到的American cultureAmerican culture。it it和和oneone都可以代替前面提到的某個(gè)名都可以代替前面提到的某個(gè)名詞。詞。it it

31、所代替的是前面提到的特指的事物；而所代替的是前面提到的特指的事物；而oneone所代替的是所代替的是前面提到的同類事物前面提到的同類事物, ,但不是同一個(gè)事物。但不是同一個(gè)事物。 【答案】B返回目錄 6. Mr.Smiths love for us students is like _ for a son or a daughter. That is why we all respect and love him. A.that B.it C.which D.those 考點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè)代 詞 【解析解析】 that可以作為替代詞，代替前面的某個(gè)名詞以避免措詞重復(fù)，這可以作為替代詞，代替前面的某個(gè)名詞

32、以避免措詞重復(fù)，這種替代詞種替代詞that代替的是代替的是“the+單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞”，句中的，句中的that即即“the love”。相應(yīng)。相應(yīng)地，替代詞地，替代詞those代替代替“the+復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞”。另有一對(duì)替代詞：。另有一對(duì)替代詞：one和和ones,one代替的是代替的是“a+單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞”；ones代替代替“泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞”。如：。如：The engine of your car is better than that of mine.(that=the engine)The book is different from those we have read before.(those=the books)Im looking for a house.Id really like one with a garden.(one=a house)There were a few young people