第3章相互依存性和貿(mào)易的好處

1、PowerPoint Slides prepared by: Andreea CHIRITESCUEastern Illinois University3 3相互依存性和貿(mào)易的好處 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise o

2、n a password-protected website for classroom use.1一個現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)寓言 只有兩種物品牛肉土豆 只有兩個人牧場主叫“Rose”生產(chǎn)土豆的農(nóng)民叫“Frank”雙方都想吃牛肉和土豆 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or se

3、rvice or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.2一個現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)寓言 如果Rose只生產(chǎn)牛肉，F(xiàn)rank只能生產(chǎn)土豆雙方都從貿(mào)易中獲益 如果Rose和Frank都生產(chǎn)牛肉和土豆雙方都從專業(yè)化和貿(mào)易中獲益 生產(chǎn)可能性邊界 一個經(jīng)濟(jì)可以生產(chǎn)的各種產(chǎn)出組合 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as perm

4、itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.3圖1 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a

5、certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.生產(chǎn)可能性邊界4圖 1 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or

6、otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.生產(chǎn)可能性邊界（a）幅顯示農(nóng)民Frank和牧牛人Rose所能得到的生產(chǎn)機(jī)會。（b）幅顯示Frank可以生產(chǎn)出的各種牛肉和土豆的組合。（c）幅表示Rose可以生產(chǎn)的牛肉和土豆的組合。兩條生產(chǎn)的可能性邊界均是假設(shè)Frank和Rose每天工作8小時得來的。如果沒有貿(mào)易，每個人的生產(chǎn)可能性邊界也是他或她的消費(fèi)可能性邊界。0481632A如果沒有貿(mào)易，就選擇這一生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)。牛肉的數(shù)量012242448B如果沒有貿(mào)易，就選擇這一生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)。5一個現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)寓言 專業(yè)化與貿(mào)易農(nóng)民Frank擅

7、長種植土豆用更多的時間生產(chǎn)土豆更少的時間來養(yǎng)牛Rose是專業(yè)養(yǎng)牛牧場主用更多的時間養(yǎng)牛更少時間生產(chǎn)土豆貿(mào)易：5盎司的牛肉交換15盎司的土豆 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protecte

8、d website for classroom use.6圖 2 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.貿(mào)易如何擴(kuò)大消費(fèi)機(jī)

9、會的集合（一，二）Rose所建議的在農(nóng)民Frank和牧牛人Rose之間的交易，給他們每一個人提供了一種無貿(mào)易是不可能有的牛肉和土豆組合。（a）幅中，F(xiàn)rank得到的消費(fèi)在A*點(diǎn)，而不是A點(diǎn)；在（b）幅中，Rose得到的消費(fèi)在B*點(diǎn)，而不是B點(diǎn)。貿(mào)易使每一個人得以消費(fèi)更多土豆和牛肉。(a) Frank的生產(chǎn)與消費(fèi)(b) Rose的生產(chǎn)與消費(fèi)牛肉的數(shù)量048土豆的數(shù)量1632AFrank沒有貿(mào)易的生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)牛肉的數(shù)量01224土豆的數(shù)量2448BRose沒有貿(mào)易的生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)Frank貿(mào)易的生產(chǎn)517A*Frank消費(fèi)與貿(mào)易13181227B*Rose消費(fèi)與貿(mào)易Rose貿(mào)易的生產(chǎn)7圖 2 2015

10、Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.貿(mào)易如何擴(kuò)大消費(fèi)的機(jī)會（三）8比較優(yōu)勢 絕對優(yōu)勢一個生產(chǎn)著用比另一個生產(chǎn)者更少的投入生產(chǎn)某種物

11、品的能力生產(chǎn)牛肉：RoseRose需要20分鐘，生產(chǎn)1盎司的牛肉Frank需要60分鐘生產(chǎn)土豆：Rose Rose需要10分鐘，生產(chǎn)1盎司土豆Frank需要15分鐘 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a pass

12、word-protected website for classroom use.9比較優(yōu)勢 機(jī)會成本為了得到某種東西所必須放棄的東西每一個生產(chǎn)者所面臨的兩種物品之間的權(quán)衡取舍 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on

13、a password-protected website for classroom use.10圖 1 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for cla

14、ssroom use.牛肉和土豆的機(jī)會成本11比較優(yōu)勢 比較優(yōu)勢一個生產(chǎn)者以低于另一個生產(chǎn)者的機(jī)會成本生產(chǎn)某種物品的能力反映相對機(jī)會成本 比較優(yōu)勢的原理每一個物品應(yīng)該由個人產(chǎn)生的機(jī)會成本較小的生產(chǎn) 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or oth

15、erwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.12比較優(yōu)勢 一個人能在這兩種產(chǎn)品中占有絕對優(yōu)勢不能在這兩種產(chǎn)品中皆占有比較優(yōu)勢 對于不同的機(jī)會成本一個人會在一個物品上具有比較優(yōu)勢另一個人將會在另一個物品上具有比較優(yōu)勢 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distribu

16、ted with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.13比較優(yōu)勢 一個物品的機(jī)會成本是另一種物品機(jī)會成本的倒數(shù) 從專業(yè)化和貿(mào)易收益的角度基于比較優(yōu)勢經(jīng)濟(jì)中產(chǎn)量的增長增加經(jīng)濟(jì)成果的規(guī)模每個人都變得更好了 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use a

17、s permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.14比較優(yōu)勢 貿(mào)易能造福社會的每個人允許人們專業(yè)化 貿(mào)易價格在兩種機(jī)會成本之間 比較優(yōu)勢原理的解釋:相互依存貿(mào)易收益 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part,

18、 except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.15比較優(yōu)勢的應(yīng)用Tom Brandy應(yīng)該自己修剪草坪嗎Brady，用2小時修剪完草坪，或者電影電視廣告，賺20000美元Forrest Gump，用4小時修剪完Brandy的草坪在麥當(dāng)勞工作，賺40美元 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Ma

19、y not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.16“他們把這個草坪修剪得不錯?！北容^優(yōu)勢的應(yīng)用美國應(yīng)該與其他國家的進(jìn)行貿(mào)易嗎進(jìn)口在國外生產(chǎn)的商品并在國內(nèi)銷售出口在國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)的商品并在國外銷售 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.17比