英語單詞的結(jié)構(gòu)

1、英語單詞的結(jié)構(gòu)什么是詞？詞是能獨立運用的、最小的、有語義的語言單位。就其句法功能來說，詞可以分為功能詞(functionword)和實義詞(contentword)兩類。功能詞指的是沒有完整詞匯意義但有語法意義或語法功能的詞，包括、等。實義詞指的是本身有完整詞匯意義的詞，包括英語單詞是由字母拼寫而成的，可以由一個字母組成一個單詞，如，也可以由45個字母組成一個單詞，如：(n.肺塵病)。英語單詞的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)也不盡相同，讓我們來分析以下三組詞：1. book,books,bookish,bookcase2. tolerate,toleranee,tolerant,toleration,tolerab

2、le,intolerable3. telephone,telegram,telescope,telecommunication在第一組詞里，book可以再分嗎？在第二組詞中，tolerateanceationablein第三組例詞中都有一個共同成分,意思是，-phone有聲音的意思，如microphone;-gram往往表示書寫或描繪出來的東西，如telegram;-scope表示"觀察的儀器，鏡”，女口microscope.從上面的分析可以看出，如果撇出能不能獨立運用這一點，詞就不是最小的有語義的單位，語言中最小的“語音和語義的結(jié)合體”稱為"詞素”(morpheme)。上

3、述三組詞中，除了book外，都是由兩個或兩個以上的詞素組成的。什么是詞素？二、派生Derivation前綴前綴含義例詞a-處在arise,aside,aloneen-使可能enrich,enable,enslavedis-dissatisfy,dishonest,disappear,disorder,disagreeun-unable,unknown,uncommon,uncomfortable,unfair,unclose,undress,uncover,untieinim-ir-il-不，非inactive,incapable,inpatient,incorrectimpossible,i

4、mpersonal,impolite,immature,impracticalirregular,irresponsibleillogical,non-不，非nonexistent,non-inteferenee,non-conductor,non-stopde-向相反方向發(fā)展Decentralize（分散），defrost（解凍）anti-反（對）anti-freeze,anti-fascistmis-misdoings,misunderstand,misfortunererewrite,remarry,reunite,recycle,co-共同co-exist,co-operate,co-

5、educationex以前的Ex-husband,ex-presidenttele:遠程telephone,telegraph,telescopesuper-supermarket,superpower,under-underline,underestimate,underground,inter-:相互，之間international,interact,inter-changesub-下，次subtitle,submarine,subconscious,subcontinent,trans-過，穿過，變transformation（變形）,translatevice-:副vice-premi

6、er,vice-presidentsemi-:半semifinal,semicircle,semi-automaticbi兩個bicycle,biennial兩年一次的tri三個triangle三角形，tricycle三輪腳踏車，triplets三胞胎multi-:多，多種multiply,multi-national,multi-coloured，multiculturalkilo-千kilometre,kilogram后綴后綴例詞名詞-er-essprincess,-or-arbeggar-eseChinese,Portuguese,Japanese-ianmusician,Egyptia

7、n,physician-istcommunist,socialist,-ent/-antassistant-mentargument,iudgment,government-nesshappiness,greatness,illness,coldness,sleeplessness-tion-ingbuilding,wedding,painting-shipleadership,friendship,hardship-ageshortage,marriage,leakage-tyloyalty,cruelty,penalty,sixty,twenty,thirty,certainty-thtr

8、uth,warmth,length,growth,fifteenth,fourth-anceacceptanee,assistanee,relianee,appearanee-encedependence,confidenee,referenee,entrance,defenee-fulmouthful,handful,plateful,-alrefusal,denial,arrival-ydifficulty,possibility,-domfreedom,wisdom,kingdom-ismsocialism,materialism注意：-ese,-ian,-ist既可以構(gòu)成名詞，又可以構(gòu)

9、成形容詞-er構(gòu)成的名詞，既有表示人的，又有表示物的。后綴例詞形容詞-aleentral,industrial,national,natural-anEuropean,American,Australian-erneastern,northern,southern-ablereasonable,horrible,terrible,believable,comfortable,forgettable,sensible-fulcareful,cheerful,grateful,faithful,-ishchildish,Swedish,selfish-ivedestructive,collecti

10、ve,active,creative,effective-ythirsty,dirty,windy,sunny,cloudy,healthy,funny-lesscareless,hopeless,helpless,homeless,sleepless,fearless,limitless-engolden,wooden,woolen-ouscourageous,famous,eontinuous,serious,various-aryimaginary,revolutionary,secondary-icrealistic,historic,poetic-sometroublesome,bu

11、rdensome,1onesome,handsome-likechildlike,womanlike,manlike-antignorant,significant,observant,important-entdiligent,silent,excellent,frequent-lylively,friendly,lovely,weekly,brotherly,motherly-ishchildish,foolish后綴例詞動詞-izerealize,modernize,mechanize,criticize,-enwiden,strengthen,lengthen,sharpen,wide

12、n,shorten,quicken,deepen-fySimplify,beautify,terrify,后綴例詞副-ward(s)forward,northward,backward,downward詞-lyslowly,quickly,carefully,loudly,happily,friendlyMatchtherightwordsfromtherightcolumnwiththewordsontheleft.()1.enrich()2.semicircle()3.troublesome()4.sharpen()5.job-hunting()6.limitless()7.imagina

13、tive()8.defrostA. tryingtofindjobsB. remove,getridofice,frostC. of,having,usingimaginationD. makeorbecomesharpE. halfacircleF. causingtroubleG. makerich,improveinquality,flavour,etc.H. withoutlimitUsetheappropriateformofthewordstofillintheblanks.1. Themotherdidn'knowwhyherdaughterwascrying.(nois

14、e)2. Hewasoneofthebestinyesterda#footballmatch.(play)3. Look!HowKateislaughing!(happy)4. Itsnowedlastnightandnowthestreetsarecoveredwithsnow.(heavy)5. Edisonwasagreat.Duringhislifehehadmany.(invent)6. MoreandmorehavecometovisitChinaovertheseyears.(foreign)7. Wewantreasonsforyourfailuretohelp.(satisf

15、y)8. Pleasegivemesomereferencework.Itwillmytask.(simple)9. Theboyhadtheofbeinghalfstarved.(appear)11. ThedoctorsaidthatMary'smotherneededan.(operate)12. Shehopedthathersonwouldbecomea.(music)13. Fewwordsmadeusexcited.(speak)14. Thedaysonthemoongethotterthanwater.(boil)15. Thankyouforyour.(kind)16. Manycollegestudentsworkwhiletheyarestudyingbecausetheywanttomakesomem