Chapter 12 Shift of Expression Angles and Means and Amplification

1、Shift of Expression Angles and Means The wild garden behind the house contained a central apple-tree 屋后荒蕪的花園里有一棵在中間的蘋果樹。 屋后荒蕪的花園中央有一棵蘋果樹。 Shift of Expression Angles and Means I took home a briefcase full of troubles. 我?guī)еM問題的皮包回到家里。 我?guī)е鴿M滿一皮包傷腦筋的問題回到家里。Shift of Expression Angles and Means She is in s

2、earch of a goal that has eluded many US cities- a way to keep her own citys image as a clean, green place to visit, yet make way for the growth that would mean more jobs and preserve prosperity. 她在尋求解決許多美國城市都未能解決的一個問題既保持城市綠化的生活環(huán)境和清潔的面貌，同時又容許有所發(fā)展，使更多的人就業(yè)并保持繁榮。Shift of Expression Angles and Means The

3、most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sullivan, came to me. I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives which it connects. 在我的記憶里，安妮曼斯菲爾德沙利老師來的那一天，是我一生中最重要的日子。從這一天開始，我的生活和以前迥然不同。一想到這一點，我就感到非常高興。Shift of

4、 Expression Angles and Means In 1959, I wrote my autobiography for an assignment in sixth grade. In twenty-nine pages, most half-filled with the earnest scrawl, I described my parents, brothers, pets, house, hobbies, school, sports and plans for the future. 一九九五年我寫過一個自傳，那是六年級的一次作業(yè)。二十九頁的自傳中幾乎每頁上字數都不多

5、，潦潦草草卻又十分認真地寫了我的父母、兄弟、寵物、房子、愛好、學校、體育活動和未來的計劃。Shift of Expression Angles and Means A dozen and a half airplanes poured out into the airport during that five minutes. 那5分鐘內，有18架飛機涌進了機場。 She has been a widow only for six months. 她丈夫死了至今才不過半年。Shift of Expression Angles and Means Is there a special rate

6、by the month?Yes, there is a 10% discount. 按月計算有什么優(yōu)惠嗎？有，可以打9折。 Slowly climbs the summer moon. 夏天的月亮慢慢地爬上來了。Shift of Expression Angles and Means Freeze! 別動！ Wet paint! 油漆未干！ Shift of Expression Angles and Means Fathers attitude toward anybody who wasnt his kind used to puzzle me. 以前我以前我總不懂總不懂父親為什么對那些

7、脾氣跟他不一父親為什么對那些脾氣跟他不一樣的人采取那么個態(tài)度。樣的人采取那么個態(tài)度。 The significance of these incidents wasnt lost on us. 這些事件引起了我們的重視。 Amplification Amplification means supplying necessary words in our translation work so as to make the version correct and clear. Words thus supplied must be indispensable either syntactical

8、ly or semantically.Lexical Amplification Lexical Amplification- amplification by supplying such words as verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, generalization words, the plural forms of nouns, measure words, background words, linking words. These kinds of words are amplified so that they can express the

9、 intended or implied lexical or contextual meanings of SL text clearly and exactly, or in other words, they are amplified so as to make the implied meanings in the SL text concrete, clear and idiomatic. Adding Verbs My work, my family, my friends were more than enough to fill my time. 我干干工作，我做做家務，我有

10、有朋友往來，這些占去了我的全部時間。Adding Nouns He is a complicated man-moody, mercurial, with a melancholy streak. 他是一個性格性格復雜的人喜怒無常，反復多變，有些憂郁寡歡。Adding Adjs. Inflation has now reached unprecedented level. 通貨膨脹現(xiàn)在已經發(fā)展到空前嚴重嚴重的地步。 Adding Advs. It must have been surprising to see a little girl working at a high table, su

11、rrounded by maps and all kinds of instruments. 看到一個女孩趴在堆滿地圖和儀器的高桌上聚精會神地聚精會神地工作時，誰都會感到驚訝。 Adding Generalization Words Then a little over a decade ago, Professors Hoyle, Bondi, and Gold, working at Cambridge, proposed an entirely different scheme. 然而十多年前，劍橋大學的霍伊爾、邦迪和哥爾德三位三位教授卻提出了完全不同的學說。 Adding Plural

12、 Nouns Very acute problems exist among them. 他們之間存在著非常尖銳的種種問題。 Adding Measure Words I was extremely worried about her, but this was neither the place nor the time for a lecture or an argument. 我真替她萬分擔憂，但此時此地，既不宜教訓她一番，也不宜與她爭論一通。 Adding Background Words Le Mond, the B.B.C, the New York Times, the enti

13、re Arab press, all quote Heikal at length. 法國的世界報、英國廣播公司、美國紐約時報及整個阿拉伯報界，都經常大量引用?？柕脑挕?Adding Linking Words Yes, I like Chinese food. Lots of people do these days, sort of the fashion. 不錯，我喜歡中國菜。現(xiàn)在很多人喜歡中國菜，這種情況算是有點趕時髦吧！ Rhetorical Amplification Rhetorical Amplification is mostly employed for the sake

14、 of smoothness of the translation. Therefore, rhetorical amplification is more often employed in the process of weighing the words, doing proofreading or polishing the style or manner of the translation. The words that are amplified are generally modal particles, emphatic adverbs and other words nee

15、ded for rhetorical purposes. Rhetorical Amplification It catered to large appetites and modest purses. 它迎合胃口大而錢包小的吃客。 The Soviet Union, the United States, China, England, France and Japan are now enlarging cultural and scientific fields of cooperation. 蘇、美、中、英、法、日等六國正在擴大文化和科學合作領域。 Syntactical Amplification Omission is very frequently used in English for rhetorical or syntactical purpos