英語主從復(fù)合句大全

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上主從復(fù)合句主句是主體，從句只是句子的一個成分，換言之，將句子（除謂語外）的各個成分?jǐn)U展開來就成了從句。關(guān)聯(lián)詞分五類：疑問代詞：who（whom/whose）， which, what, 關(guān)系代詞：who（whom/whose）， which, that, 疑問副詞：when, where, why, how關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why 從屬連詞：that (無詞義)， whether, if, although, after because, before, when, since， as soon as, as long as只有從屬連詞沒有句子功用，

2、即不擔(dān)任句子成分。從句分為五類：主語從句賓語從句表語從句 前三項(xiàng)都是名詞性從句，句中作用如同名詞。一般都不用逗號，所用關(guān)聯(lián)詞相同：1,連詞that/whether/if 2, 疑問代詞who/what/which 3, 疑問副詞when /where /how /why（引導(dǎo)間接疑問句）定語從句狀語從句記住一個句子學(xué)會一種句法現(xiàn)象。一主語從句subject clause，也可分為三種：that引導(dǎo)的主從 / 由連接代副詞引導(dǎo)的主從 / what和whoever等引導(dǎo)的主從。 1由that引導(dǎo)的主從，用得最多。(that 后面是主語)“That she became an artist may

3、have been due to her fathers influence.” 她成為畫家可能是受其父親的影響。上面句子看著別扭陌生，換成it引導(dǎo)的句子就熟悉了，因?yàn)橐话愠龔?qiáng)調(diào)外都后置而由it代替，有五種形式：（1）It + be + adj + that 、 It is natural that they should have different views. （2）It + be + noun + that、 Its a wonder that you are still alive. （3）It + verb (+ object(賓語) or adverbial(副詞) + that

4、、 It seems that youre right. It struck me that we ought to make a new plan. 我忽然想起我們應(yīng)該制訂一個新計(jì)劃。It never occurred to me that perhaps she was lying. 我從未想到或許她是在說謊 （4）It + be verb-ed + that、 It was rumored （It is said） that you was suffering from a stone in the kidney. 謠傳說/據(jù)說你得了腎結(jié)石。（5）It + verb be + that、

5、 No, no, it couldnt be that they were interested in him. 不，不，他們不可能對他有興趣。口語中that可以省略：It was clear(that) his words pleased her. 顯然他的話使她高興。2由連接代/副詞引導(dǎo)的主從When hell be back depends much on the weather. Who is to be sent there hasnt been decided. Its clear enough what he meant. 兩種結(jié)構(gòu)都能用，但是it結(jié)構(gòu)更多， 有四種形式。it +

6、 be + adj + clauseIt was not clear to me why he behaved like that. 我不太清楚他為什么會這樣做。it + be + noun + clause Its a puzzle how life began. 生命如何開始是一個謎it + verb (+ object or adverbial) + clause It doesnt matter much where I live. 我住在哪里都沒多大關(guān)系。it + be verb-ed + clauseIt is not yet settled whether I am going

7、to American. 3由what / whatever / whoever引導(dǎo)的主從What will be, will be. 該發(fā)生的事總會發(fā)生。紅色為從句What is over is over. 過去的事就過去了。Whatever my dad did was right. 俺爹做的都是對的。Whatever she says goes. 一切她說了算。Whoever comes will be welcomed. 誰來都?xì)g迎Whichever you want is yours. 你要哪個，哪個就歸你。二賓語從句object clause. 1由that引導(dǎo)到賓從，有時that

8、可省略I suspected that it was a trick to get our money. 我懷疑這是一個騙我們錢的圈套Who can guarantee that hell keep his word? 誰能保證他會遵守諾言？You can depend upon it, I shall be there. 先行賓語(現(xiàn)行賓語中間要有逗號)你放心，我會去那里的。I take it they have left for home. 我猜想他們已經(jīng)回家了。2由連接代詞或副詞引導(dǎo)賓從Write me how you got home. 寫信告訴我你怎能到家的Only you can

9、decide who the best choice is. 只有你能決定誰是最佳人選。I wonder what you call this stuff. 我想知道，你管這玩藝叫什么。3由whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓從Im wondering whether you would care to spend the evening with me. 不知道你是否愿意跟我們共度今宵。I asked her if I might call and see her. 我問她是否可以去看她。4由關(guān)系代詞what引導(dǎo)的賓從Show me what youve bought. 把你買的東西給我看看。I c

10、ould not express what I felt. 我無法表達(dá)內(nèi)心的感受As a friend of yours, I want to tell you what I hear. 作為你的朋友，我想把聽到的事告訴你。5作介詞的賓從，其他從句這樣用較少：Dont oke your nose into探聽what doesnt concern you. 別多管閑事。?6 whatever/whichever/whomever這類詞也可引導(dǎo)賓從：Ill just say whatever comes into my head. 想到什么就說什么。Buy whichever is cheape

11、st. 買最便宜的。Give it to whomever you like. 你愿意給誰就給誰。三表語從句predicative clause，有二類1由that引導(dǎo)的表語從句The fact is (that) she never liked him. 事實(shí)是她從未喜歡過他。His only fault is that he lacks ambition. 他唯一的缺點(diǎn)是缺乏雄心大志。2 由連接代/副詞引導(dǎo)的、由關(guān)系代詞型的what引導(dǎo)的Thats not what I meant. 這不是我的意思。The question is whos responsible for what has

12、 happened. 問題是發(fā)生了這事該誰負(fù)責(zé)。Times arent what they were. 時代不同了。Thats what I am here for. 這就是我來這里的目的。(四定語從句attributive clause 沒看！1 定從的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有二：關(guān)系代詞（在從句中作主/賓/定）who（whom/whose）, which, that和關(guān)系副詞（在從句中作狀語）when, where, why等。例如：Girl who works in restaurant is called waitress. This is Johnson, whose wife work at a

13、department store.2 Which和that的區(qū)別：關(guān)系代詞which指物，做主語和賓語。限制性定從中作賓語時可省略。關(guān)系代詞that, 指物也指人，做主語和賓語，指物時與which相同。There are the things that（which）you need. 這些就是你要的東西。A dictionary is a book, which gives the meaning of words. 詞典是解釋詞義的書。Who is the person that is working at a computer over there. 在計(jì)算機(jī)上干活的那個人是誰？3 在下列

14、情形下，只能用that: （1）先行詞是all / everything / nothing / something（有時例外用which） / anything / little等不定代詞時。Is there anything (that) I can do for you in town? 有什么事我可以在城里代你辦嗎？Thats all (that) I know. 我知道的就是這些。（2）先行詞為序數(shù)詞所修飾時。The first thing (that) I should do is to work out a plan. 我該做的第一件事是訂個計(jì)劃。（3）先行詞為形容詞最高級所修飾

15、時。This is one of the most exciting football games (that) I have ever seen. 這是我看過的足球賽中最激烈的一場。4 限制性定從和非限制性定從：意義上可缺否，形式上有無逗號。（1）that引導(dǎo)的定從大多是限制性的。 注意：非限制性定從不能使用that和關(guān)系副詞why, 也不能省略任何關(guān)系副詞，這類從句主要出現(xiàn)在書面語中。如：This is the best film that I have ever seen. Last night I saw a very good film, which was about the An

16、ti-Japanese War. “昨晚我看了一部很棒的電影，是關(guān)于抗日戰(zhàn)爭的”只是補(bǔ)充說明，翻譯時多譯成并列句：Sunday is a holiday, when people do not go to work. 禮拜天是假日，這一天人們不上班。（2）非限制性定從中which/whom常可以跟of或其他介詞連用。Mr. Smith, for whom I was working, was very generous about overtime payments. 史密斯先生是我的老板，她付超時工資很大方。 The buses, most of which were already ful

17、l, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽車大多都已滿載，周圍是一大群憤怒的人。 My kids, both of whom study abroad, ring me up, saying Hi, every week. 我的倆孩子都在國外讀書，每周給我打來電話問安。 （3）在限制性定從中，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時，大多可省略，特別是在被修飾的詞為all / everything等詞時。如：Thats the only thing we can do now. 這是我們現(xiàn)在唯一能做的事。All you have to do is to fill ou

18、t this form. 你只需要填這張表就行了。關(guān)系副詞when時間狀語, where地點(diǎn)狀語，why原因狀語。Do you remember the time when he fell off his bicycle? 你記得他從自行車上摔下來的時間嗎？The book is on the table where you left it. 那書在你拉在那兒的桌子上。I dont know the reason why he was so rude. 我不知道他為什么這么無禮。（4）注意，有些時間定從并不由when引導(dǎo)，特別在某些句型中。Every time the telephone ri

19、ngs, he gets nervous. 電話鈴一響他就緊張。Come any time you like. 你隨便什么時候來都行。She made me feel at home the moment I arrived. 我一到達(dá)她就使我感到無拘無束。（5）在way后面的定從，不跟關(guān)系代詞或副詞。 Thats the way I look at it. 這就是我對這事的看法。 I did not like the way he eyed me. 我不喜歡他瞪著我瞧的樣子。（6）關(guān)系代詞which的先行詞，有時是整個主句或部分意思，這時which的意思相當(dāng)于and this。They re

20、ly on themselves, which is much better. 他們依靠自己，這樣好得多。He drank beer, which made him fat. 他喝啤酒，這使他發(fā)胖。（7）Which有時在定從中作定語I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I should apologize. 我把他的名字叫錯了，對此錯誤我應(yīng)道歉。 （8） 定語從句被分詞短語代替由who 或 that (which) 作主語的限制性定從，有時可以被分詞短語代替，更為簡練。There are many students who are

21、studying English in this school. - There are many students studying English in this school. （9）一些其他定語從句 as主要和such 連用,也可用作關(guān)代引導(dǎo)定從：Such money as he earned was spent on spirits烈性酒and tobacco. 他掙的那點(diǎn)錢都花在煙酒上了。There was a look of fear in his eyes, such as people have when they are suddenly awakened. 他眼中透出一種

22、人們突然被叫醒時露出的驚恐情緒。 as可以單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)定從He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. 我可以從他的口音中聽出他是個外國人。You are a teacher, as is clear from your manner. 你是位教師，這從你的舉止上可以看得很清楚。As was expected, he performed the task with success. 正像預(yù)料的，他成功地完成了任務(wù)。 （10） But也可用作關(guān)系代詞來引導(dǎo)定從，意思接近于that (who)not。這種用法已顯陳舊。 There is no tree

23、but bears some fruit. 沒有不結(jié)果的樹 There are very few but admire his talents. 很少有人不佩服他的才華。 Surely there isnt a teacher but faces this problem. 可以肯定，凡是老師都面臨著這個問題。 （11）Whereby, wherein, whereupon也可以引導(dǎo)定從Theyve set a plan whereby (=by which) you can spread cost over a period. 他們定出了一個辦法，照此你可以分期付款。He gazed onc

24、e more around the room, wherein (=in which) were assembled his entire family. 他再次注目于屋內(nèi)各處，那里聚集了他全家。I told her she looked fat, whereupon (=upon which) she threw the entire contents of a saucepan at me and burst into tears. 我告她她看上去胖了，聽了這話她把平底鍋里的東西都向我潑來，然后便放聲大哭。五狀語從句adverbial clause狀從句修飾動詞，形容詞和副詞等，由從屬連詞

25、引導(dǎo)。其位于句首時，常用逗號；而放在句末一般不用。八種狀從：時間，地點(diǎn)，原因，目的，結(jié)果，方式，讓步，條件。1時間狀語從句Adverbial Clauses of Time：when / as當(dāng)，一邊一邊 / while在、期間 / after / before / as soon as / since / till(until) / whenever 等等All things are difficult before they are easy. 凡事總是先難后易。On and on he went, till/until he reached the outskirts of the wo

26、od. 他走啊走啊，直到走到樹林邊。Once youve finished, go to bed. 你一干完就去睡覺。Come and talk to me whenever you feel lonely. 感到寂寞時就來和我說說話。注意when / as / while的區(qū)別：when從句動作可以和主句動作同時發(fā)生，也可以先于主句動作。As和while都是同時。It was raining when we arrived. 同時發(fā)生When I pressed the button the radio stopped. 從句動作先于主句動作。She sang as she worked.

27、同時，邊、邊、While you were away, two persons came to see you. 同時。你不在時有兩個人找你。注意2：有些時狀從句不用連詞引導(dǎo)He came directly I called. 我一叫他就來了。He had no sooner reached the door than he came back. 他剛到門口又走了回來。2地點(diǎn)狀從of Place：where / wherever / anywhere例如：Well go wherever you say. 你說到哪，就到哪。You can go anywhere you want. 你想去哪就

28、去哪。He was always ready to give help where help was needed. where還可表示處境等，譯法靈活。Its your fault that she is where she is. 她今天這樣是你的錯。Where others are weak, he is strong. 別人的弱點(diǎn)正是他的優(yōu)勢。Where bees are, there is honey. 有蜂就有蜜。3原因狀從of Reason： because / for / since既然 / now that既然 / as由于例如：Maize is also called In

29、dian corn because it was first grown by the American Indians.因?yàn)橛衩资敲乐抻〉诎踩耸紫确N植的，所以又叫印第安玉米。（回答why，語氣最強(qiáng)，是全句的重心所在）As you make your bed, so you must lie on it.你是自作自受。-表示較明顯原因，常放在主句前面Since Im here today, I saw everything. 今天我既然在這，我一切都看見了。（跟as相似，表示稍加分析后的原因，且多少是對方已知熟悉而不待言的原因）The days are short, for it is now

30、 December. 白天短了，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是十二月了。（跟because相似，但for只能表示上文未表示的新情況，只能放在句末）Now that you have the chance ，you had better avail yourself of it. 既然你有了機(jī)會，你最好利用起來。Please dont try to back out now that everything has been arranged. 現(xiàn)在一切都安排好了，請不要打退堂鼓。Now youre here, you may make yourself useful. 你已經(jīng)來了，不妨幫幫忙。Consideri

31、ng（專門存在這個詞不是派生） hes only just started, he knows quite a lot about it. 考慮到他才剛剛開始，他對此已經(jīng)懂得相當(dāng)多了。4目的狀從Adverbial Clauses of Purpose：that以便 / so that以便 / in order that以便 / “We have so arranged matters that one of us is always on duty”. 我們作了這樣的安排，以便我們總有一人值班。(so that / in order that從句中都常用may/might，但so that引導(dǎo)

32、的從句也可用can/could)I spoke slowly and in simple English in order that the students might understand what I said. Ill show you so you can see how its done. 我將做給你看，以便你知道怎樣做。They spoke in whispers lest they should be heard. 他們低聲說話，以防被人聽見。Shut the window for fear that it may rain. 關(guān)好窗子以防下雨。5結(jié)果狀從Adverbial C

33、lause of Result：sothat (so that) 如此、以至于 / suchthat / that / otherwise / or else (else) So many people came to the concert that some couldnt get in. 那么多人來聽音樂會，以致有些人沒法進(jìn)來。Shes so ill (that) she cant get out of bed. 她病得很重，都下不了床了。English is such a difficult language that you have to apply yourself. The s

34、ituation is such that agreement is unlikely. 局勢是這樣，達(dá)成協(xié)議的可能性不大。There was such a draught（dra:ft）, it is no wonder he caught a cold. 過堂風(fēng)這樣厲害，難怪她感冒了。Im so busy; I have no time to write a letter. 我忙極了，沒時間寫信。She had intellect; otherwise I would have scorned her. 他很聰明，否則我早就瞧不起他了。Run or else youll be late.

35、快跑，否則就遲到了。Drink this, else youll be sick. 把這個喝掉，否則你會生病。6方式或比較狀從of Mannerof Comparison：as正如 / like / as if (as though) 好像，宛如 / than比 / asas / not as(so)as / the more the more Unit ten is not so difficult as Unit Nine. Do it like I do. 照我那樣做。When at Rome, do as the Romans do. 入境隨俗。She looked a bit que

36、er, as if she knew something. 她看起來有點(diǎn)怪，好像她知道什么似的。不用連詞引導(dǎo)Now they dont do it the way we did it. 他們現(xiàn)在的做法和我們以前不一樣。Youre behaving the same way your elder sister used to. 你的表現(xiàn)和你姐姐過去的表現(xiàn)一樣。Arrange the hours however you like. 你的時間怎么安排都行。He earns less than his wife (does). 他掙的錢比他妻子少。You know much more than I d

37、id at your age. 你知道的東西比我在你這個歲數(shù)時知道的要多得多。He is as tall as his father. I havent done as much as I should have liked. 我做得沒有我希望的那么好。7讓步狀從 of Concession：雖然though(although) / while / whereas / even if (even though) 即使 / no matter不管Although/though he had very little money; he always managed to dress smartly

38、. 雖說他沒有幾個錢，卻總是穿得很時髦。I wouldnt do it, even if / even though you paid me a thousand pounds. 即使你付我一千英鎊，我也不敢這事。Some praised me, whereas （而）others condemned me. 有人贊揚(yáng)我，而另一些人卻譴責(zé)我。Late as it was, he continued the work. 盡管時間不早了，他仍在工作。（as從句的表語常放在句首形成倒裝）Come what may, he would never let her down. 不管發(fā)生什么情況，他絕不會

39、做對不起她的事。She says shell follow him no matter who tries to stop her. 她說不管誰來阻攔，她都要跟他走。Wherever you are ,Ill be thinking of you. 不管在哪里，我都會想著你。no matter who = whoever no matter what = whatever no matter which = whichever no matter how = howeverno matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever8條件狀從Adve

40、rbial Clauses of Condition：if / unless / suppose (supposing)假設(shè) / providing (provided)假若 / as(so) long as只要If I were you, Id learn English at once. We have a meeting every Friday, unless there is noting to discuss. Suppose you had a million pounds, how would you spend it? Supposing (that) you are wro

41、ng, what will you do? 假如你錯了，你怎么辦？You may go out providing you do your homework first. 如果你先把作業(yè)做了，那就可以先出去玩。She may come with us provided (that) she arrives in time. 如果她及時到達(dá)，她可以和我們一道去。You can go out, as long as you promise to be back before 11 oclock. 只要你答應(yīng)11點(diǎn)前回來，可以出去。In case the house burns down, well

42、 get the insurance money. 如果房子燒毀了，我們會領(lǐng)到保險金。You may borrow the book, on condition that you dont lend it to anyone else. 你可以借這本書，條件是別把它借給別人。Granted that hes not brilliant, he is at least competent and work hard. 就算他不夠出色，他至少稱職而且賣力干活。If引導(dǎo)的條件狀從，有時可把if省略而倒裝從句Were it not for your assistance, we would be in

43、 serious difficulty. 如果不是你幫忙，我們會陷入嚴(yán)重的困境。Shall she call, what would I tell her? 萬一她來電話，我怎么對她說？漢語的“雖然、但是” “因?yàn)?、所以”，在英語中只用一個。Although he is very busy, he has never been absent from the evening class. 雖然他很忙，但從不缺席夜校的課。Because it looked like rain, they decided to cancel the trip. 因可能會下雨，所以他們決定不去了。專心-專注-專業(yè)主

44、從復(fù)合句學(xué)習(xí)的四個關(guān)鍵    主從復(fù)合句是高中英語學(xué)習(xí)的一 個難點(diǎn)，也是一 個重點(diǎn)。如何學(xué)習(xí)主從復(fù)合句，我認(rèn)為應(yīng)從以下四個關(guān)鍵著手：一 ： 概念   主從復(fù)合句屬于句子的種類，它包括簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。簡單句是由一 套主語和謂語構(gòu)成；并列句是由兩個或兩個以上的簡單句并列構(gòu)成，常用and ,but, so 等并列連詞連接。復(fù)合句是由一 個主句和一 個或一 個以上的從句構(gòu)成。主句是全句的主體，往往可以獨(dú)立存在；而從句僅是句子的一 個成分，故不能獨(dú)立存在，必須有一 個關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞共有七類：1） 從屬連詞 ：有 whether ,w

45、hen, although, because, if 等。I dont know if he will come.2) 疑問代詞  ： who ,whom, whose, which ,what 等。I dont know what you mean .3) 疑問副詞 ：when ,where ,how ,why等。I asked him where he was going to stay. 4） 關(guān)系代詞：who, whom , whose, which, that what 等，主要引導(dǎo)定語從句。The young man who is standing there is my

46、 English teacher.5) 關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why.也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句。That was the time when we stayed together.6) 復(fù)合連接代詞：what ,whatever, whoever, whichever 等。You can do whatever you like.7) 復(fù)合連接副詞：wherever, whenever, however 等。You can come whenever it is possible.特別強(qiáng)調(diào)：主從復(fù)合句必須有連接詞。英語是形和而漢語是意和。如漢語可以說“你來我走”，中間沒有連接詞。如翻譯成英語必須根據(jù)意義加上連接詞if ，否則句子就錯誤。If you come , I will go.再如“有飯同吃”，也要加連接詞：If there is any food , let us share it.如果一 個句子前面用了一 個逗號，逗號前面決不能是個句子，但可以由以下幾個成分