高中英語語法專題指導(dǎo)課件：名詞

1、1 1、不可數(shù)名詞的特點(diǎn)、不可數(shù)名詞的特點(diǎn)2 2、可數(shù)名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)、可數(shù)名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù); ;3 3、可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語及轉(zhuǎn)換；、可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語及轉(zhuǎn)換；4 4、名詞作定語；、名詞作定語；5 5、名詞的搭配、名詞的搭配; ;6 6、名詞的所有格名詞的所有格7 7、詞語辨析；、詞語辨析；高考考點(diǎn)分析高考考點(diǎn)分析不可數(shù)名詞的特點(diǎn)不可數(shù)名詞的特點(diǎn)(1)Tables are made of _. A. wood B. woods C. wooden D. some woods(2)Father went to his doctor for _about his heart trouble

2、. A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices(3)He gained his _by printing _of famous writers. A. wealth; work B. wealths; works C. wealths; work D. wealth; works(1) 沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式；(2) 不能直接在前面加不定冠詞；(3) 表示其數(shù)量不能直接在前面加數(shù)詞，而要用a piece of之類 的結(jié)構(gòu)。 ABD(1) Dr Smith is going to pull out one of my _. A. teeth B. to

3、oth C. teeths D. toothes(2) _turn green in spring. A. Leaf B. Leafs C. Leave D. Leaves(3)_will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas. A. The Evens B. The Evens C. The Evenses D. The Evenses 當(dāng)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)大于一時要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。當(dāng)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)大于一時要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 特殊用法特殊用法 ADC一般情況一般情況加加 -s1.清輔音后讀清輔音后讀/s/ map-maps book

4、-books 2.濁輔音和元音后讀濁輔音和元音后讀 /z/ bag-bags car-cars名詞復(fù)數(shù)的名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化(1)以以s, sh, ch, x 等結(jié)尾的詞等結(jié)尾的詞加加 -es 讀讀 /iz/ bus-buses watch-watches 但如果以但如果以 ch 結(jié)尾的名詞發(fā)音為結(jié)尾的名詞發(fā)音為 k時，只加時，只加 s。 stomach stomachs 讀讀 /s/ 以以ce, se, ze, (d)ge 等結(jié)尾的詞等結(jié)尾的詞加加 -s es 讀讀 /iz/ bridge- bridges exercise-exercises 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化(2

5、)以以y 結(jié)尾的專有名詞結(jié)尾的專有名詞，或，或元音字母元音字母+y 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時，直結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時，直接加接加-s變復(fù)數(shù)：變復(fù)數(shù)：讀讀 /z/ two Marys the Henrys monkey-monkeys holiday-holidays以以輔音字母輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞結(jié)尾的詞變變y 為為i 再加再加es ies 讀讀 /iz/ party-parties baby-babies名詞復(fù)數(shù)的名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化(3)以以f 或或 fe 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時：結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時： a. 加加-s 讀讀 /s/ roof-roofs 一個首領(lǐng)一個首領(lǐng)(chief)帶著一個農(nóng)奴

6、帶著一個農(nóng)奴(serf)在海灣在海灣(gulf)的懸崖的懸崖(cliff)上上發(fā)現(xiàn)一個屋頂發(fā)現(xiàn)一個屋頂(roof)上面有個保險箱上面有個保險箱(safe)。b. 去去f, fe 加加-ves half-halvesknife-knives 讀讀 /vz/ leaf-leaves wolf-wolves life-lives thief-thieves c. 均可均可 handkerchief - handkerchiefs / handkerchieves hoof-hoofs/hooves名詞復(fù)數(shù)的名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化(4)a tomatosome tomatoessome potat

7、oessome heroes名詞復(fù)數(shù)的名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化(5)輔音字母+o結(jié)尾，加 es 讀讀 /z/但 piano, photo, kilo, tobacco加s元音字母+o結(jié)尾，加 s 讀讀 /z/ radio-radiosfoot - feetchild - childrentooth - teethmouse - mice名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化(1)goose-geese ox-oxenman - menwoman - womenmen doctorswomen teachersone sheeptwo sheepa Chinesetwo Chinesea J

8、apaneseseveral Japanese名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化(2):(2):單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同one fish一條魚一條魚fishes不同種類的魚各種不同種類的魚各種各樣的魚各樣的魚three fish三條魚三條魚some fish一些魚肉一些魚肉可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞deer-deer means-means series-series species-species works-works（工廠）（工廠） Some _ visited our school last Wednesday. AGerman BGermen CGermans D

9、Germens國家人的名詞需要記住三種情況：國家人的名詞需要記住三種情況：1、單復(fù)數(shù)同形：、單復(fù)數(shù)同形：Chinese; Japanese; Swiss2、需要變形：、需要變形：English - Englishman3、加、加 s 或或 -es：German Germans詳見下表。詳見下表。 1.6 不同國家的人的單復(fù)數(shù)不同國家的人的單復(fù)數(shù) 名稱 總稱(謂語用復(fù)數(shù)）一個人 兩個人中國人the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese瑞士人the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss澳大利亞人the Australians an Australian two Au

10、stralians 俄國人the Russians a Russiantwo Russians意大利人the Italians an Italian two Italians希臘人the Greek a Greektwo Greeks法國人the French a Frenchmantwo Frenchmen日本人the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese美國人the Americans an Americantwo Americans印度人the Indians an Indian two Indians加拿大人the Canadians a Canadian

11、two Canadians德國人the Germansa Germantwo Germans英國人the Englishan Englishmantwo Englishmen瑞典人the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes _ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas. (1993 上海上海) A. The EvensB. The Evens C. The EvensesD. The Evenses專有名詞的復(fù)數(shù)與定冠詞連用，常用來表示專有名詞的復(fù)數(shù)與定冠詞連用，常用來表示“一一家人家人”或一家之中

12、的兩個或幾個重要的人。如：或一家之中的兩個或幾個重要的人。如：- Who did you spend last weekend with?- _. (98上海上海) A PalmersB The Palmers C The PalmersD The Palmers Mr Smith has two _, both of whom are teachers in a school. Abrothers-in-lawBbrother-in-laws Cbrothers-in-laws Dbrothers-in law以連字符號連接的合成名詞一般將中心名詞變成以連字符號連接的合成名詞一般將中心名詞變

13、成復(fù)數(shù)，如：復(fù)數(shù)，如：managers-in-chief; fathers-in-law。如。如果沒有中心名詞就在該合成詞的最后加果沒有中心名詞就在該合成詞的最后加 s。如：。如：grown-ups。 可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語及轉(zhuǎn)換可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語及轉(zhuǎn)換1.I need_ cloth, for Im hoping to make _clothes. A. a lot of; many B. much; much C. many; many D. many; a lot 2.We waited _ for the bus.A. long time B. a long time C

14、. the long time D. some long time3._work has been done to improve the peoples living standard. A . Many B.A great many C. A large number of D. A great deal of4. The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took _pictures of them. A. many of B. masses of C. the number of D.

15、 a large amount of5. We have only a sofa, a table and a bed in our new apartment. We need to buy _ more furniture. A. any B. many C. little D. someABDBD6. I hear_ boys in your school like playing football in their spare time, though others prefer basketball. A. quite a lot B. quite a few C. quite a

16、bit D. quite a little7. We always keep _ spare paper, in case we ran out. A. too much B. a number of C. plenty of D. a good many8.Many people agree that _of English is a must in international trade today. A. a knowledge B. knowledges C. knowledge D. the knowledge BC1. 有些物質(zhì)名詞表示不同種類時可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如，fishes,

17、fruits, teas, all weathers。2. 有些抽象名詞表示具體的事物時，是可數(shù)名詞。如, shame/ pity(憾事), interest(樂事), pleasure(樂事), surprise(意外事), disappointment(令人失望的 人或事), success (成功的人或事), difficulty (難事), help (幫手)等。A不可數(shù)名詞與可數(shù)名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換不可數(shù)名詞與可數(shù)名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換3. 表示“一場/段/件/種”時，要用a或an，此時多有形容詞或of短語修飾。 如，a fine rain(一陣細(xì)雨),a heavy snow(一場大雪), a long

18、 time(很長一段時間)。4. 表示“一杯/罐/瓶”的tea, coffee, drink, beer等，可以用a(n)或數(shù)詞修飾，也 有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如two teas and a coffee(兩杯茶和一杯咖啡)；5. 有的名詞可數(shù)與否由意思而定。如： paper glass time exercise experience room 不可數(shù) 紙 玻璃 時間 鍛煉 經(jīng)驗 空間余地 可數(shù) 試卷 玻璃杯 次、倍 習(xí)題、體操 經(jīng)歷 、房間6. 有些不可數(shù)名詞，無論在什么情況下也沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式的，即使受形容詞 修飾也不能加不定冠詞的。如advice, fun, homework, informatio

19、n, news, progress, equipment, furniture, baggage/luggage, jewellery, clothing等。2. 只能修飾不可數(shù)的有(a) little, much, a bit of, a great deal of, a large amount of等。3. 既可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有some, any, half, most, all, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, quantities of等。只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的有each, either, neith

20、er, another, these, those, both, (a) few, several, many, a great /good many, a large number of, scores of, dozens of等。名詞的修飾語名詞的修飾語 1.The village is far away from here indeed. Its _walk. A. a four hour B. a four hours C. a four-hours D. a four hours 2.He dropped the _and broke it. A. cup of coffee B.

21、 coffees cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup3. The _ is just around the corner and you wont miss it. A. bicycles shop B. bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D. bicycless shop4. It took us quite a long time to get here. It was _ journey. A. three-hour B. a three hour C. a three-hour D. three hours 一般用單數(shù)形式。

22、如a stone bridge(石橋), a meeting room (會議室), morning exercise(早操), London Airport(倫敦機(jī)場), a story book(故事書)，a shoe shop(鞋店)。DDBC2. man, woman要與所修飾的名詞的數(shù)一致。如a woman teacher(一 位女教師), two women teachers(兩位女教師)。3. sports, sales, clothes, goods, arts, customs等只用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如 a sports meet (運(yùn)動會), a goods train(貨車),

23、customs house(海關(guān)), a sales manager(營業(yè)主任)。4.數(shù)詞+名詞”作定語,若有連字符，名詞用單數(shù)；若無連字符， 名詞用所有格。 Weve missed the last bus. Im afraid we have no _ but to take a taxi. (N 19993) A. way B. choice C. possibilityD. selection 可以將可以將“ have no choice but to do ”視為一視為一個結(jié)構(gòu)，現(xiàn)在考查這類搭配的題有很多，如：個結(jié)構(gòu)，現(xiàn)在考查這類搭配的題有很多，如： I am sure David

24、will be able to find the library he has a pretty good _ of direction.（05浙江浙江卷）卷）Aidea Bfeeling Cexperience Dsense類似的題還有：類似的題還有： 1. Heres my card. Lets keep in _. (N 1994) A. touchB. relationC. connectionD. friendship2. You can take as many as you like because they are free of _. (1998 上海上海) A. fareB

25、. chargeC. moneyD. pay3. The manager has got a good business _ so the company is doing well. （03北京春季）北京春季） AideaBsenseCthoughtDThinking4. I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the childrens _. （04天津）天津） A reachB handC holdD place 1.Miss Smith is a friend of_. A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C.

26、Mothers of Mary D. Mary mothers2. Wheres your brother? At _. A. Mr. Greens B. Mr. Green C. the Mr. Greens D. the Mr. Green3.I wonder whose bicycle it is. It might be my_ A. neighbours B. dear neighbour C. neighbour D. neighbours名詞的所有格名詞的所有格 AAA名詞的所有格有兩種形式：名詞的所有格有兩種形式：s式和式和of式。一般說來，表示有生命式。一般說來，表示有生命的

27、名詞和表示時間、國家、距離等的名詞的所有格用的名詞和表示時間、國家、距離等的名詞的所有格用s，如，如Marys mother, todays news; 表示無生命的事物名詞的所有格用表示無生命的事物名詞的所有格用of,如如the cover of the book。但還須注意以下幾點(diǎn)：。但還須注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 以以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后只加撇號不加結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后只加撇號不加s。如。如teachers office。 表示兩個或多人共有的，在最后一個名詞后加表示兩個或多人共有的，在最后一個名詞后加s。如。如Kate and Marys room。3. 在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時，名詞所有格

28、的后面在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時，名詞所有格的后面 常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞，如：常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞，如：the barbers 理發(fā)店。理發(fā)店。 Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his_. （05天津卷）天津卷） A. ability B. force C. strength D. mind 高考試卷中考查名詞詞義辨析的題目越來越高考試卷中考查名詞詞義辨析的題目越來越多了，這就要求我們在平時的學(xué)習(xí)過程中注意同多了，這就要求我們在平時的學(xué)習(xí)過程中注意同類詞的比較和辨析，同時盡可能從閱讀過程中汲類詞的比較和

29、辨析，同時盡可能從閱讀過程中汲取更多的知識。本題的意思是取更多的知識。本題的意思是參加體育鍛煉的目參加體育鍛煉的目的是增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)和力氣。的是增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)和力氣。 1.Im trying to break the_ of getting up too late. (09天津）天津） A. tradition B. convenience C. habit D. leisure 2. The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any_ when the virus of H1N1hit Mexico in April, 2009. (09福建）福建） A. delay B. effort C. schedule D. consideration 3.China has got a good_ for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.（09安徽）安徽） A. reputation B. influence C. impression D. knowledge 4. -He says that my new car is a _ of money. -Dont you t