初中被動語態(tài)講解.ppt

1、2021/3/91Cindy2021/3/92 英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)： 主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài) (the Active Voice) 被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài) (the Passive Voice)A. 主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者執(zhí)行者。B. 被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者承受者。We planted the tree.The tree was planted by us.注：后面能接賓語的動詞才有被動語態(tài)注：后面能接賓語的動詞才有被動語態(tài)2021/3/93We speak English.主語主語謂語謂語賓語賓語English is s

2、poken by us.主語主語謂語謂語賓語賓語主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)They cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天他們打掃了教室。昨天他們打掃了教室。The classroom was cleaned by them yesterday.昨天教室被他們打掃了。昨天教室被他們打掃了。2021/3/941. 一般現(xiàn)在時：一般現(xiàn)在時：is / am / are + 及物動詞的過去分詞及物動詞的過去分詞 2. 一般過去時：一般過去時：was / were + 及物動詞的過去分詞及物動詞的過去分詞 3. 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在/過去完成時：過去完成時：has / have

3、/had + been + 及物動詞的及物動詞的過去分詞過去分詞 4. 一般將來時：一般將來時：will+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞及物動詞的過去分詞 5. 含有情態(tài)動詞：情態(tài)動詞含有情態(tài)動詞：情態(tài)動詞+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞及物動詞的過去分詞 6. 現(xiàn)在進行時：現(xiàn)在進行時：am / is / are + being + 及物動詞的過去分及物動詞的過去分詞詞歌訣：被動語態(tài)歌訣：被動語態(tài)be字變，過去分詞跟后面字變，過去分詞跟后面2021/3/95(一)被動語態(tài)基本用法:當句子的主語是動作的執(zhí)行者時，謂語的形式是主動語態(tài)。當句子的主語是動作的承受者時，謂語要用被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)由助動

4、詞be+過去分詞構(gòu)成，時態(tài)通過be表現(xiàn)出來。2021/3/96be + 過去分詞過去分詞( (二二) )被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu): :有各種時態(tài)的變化有各種時態(tài)的變化2021/3/971.1.規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞：規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞：1)1)一般情況在動詞原形后一般情況在動詞原形后加加-ed-edwatch-watched2)2)以不發(fā)音以不發(fā)音e e結(jié)尾的加結(jié)尾的加-d-dpractice-practiced3)3)以輔音加以輔音加y y結(jié)尾的，去結(jié)尾的，去y y變變i i加加-ed-edstudy-studied4)4)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫該以重讀閉音節(jié)

5、結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加輔音字母，再加-ed-edstop-stopped2.2.不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞：amisarewaswerebeenhavehashaddodonewritewrittengogone動詞過去分詞的變化動詞過去分詞的變化:2021/3/981. Now English _ by more and more people all over the word. A. speaks B. is spoken C. was spoken一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)：主語主語+am / is / are + PP2021

6、/3/992. The lost boy _ at the street corner last night. A. was found B. is found C. was looked for一般過去時的被動語態(tài)：一般過去時的被動語態(tài)：主語主語+was / were + PP2021/3/9103. More man-made satellites _ in the future. A. will send up B. will be sent up C. are sent up一般將來時的被動語態(tài)：一般將來時的被動語態(tài)：主語主語+will + be + PP主語主語+ +be going

7、 to + be + PP2021/3/9114. Three bridges _ since last year. A. have built B. were built C. have been built現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)：現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)：主語主語+have/ has+ been + PP2021/3/9125. Flowers _ every day. A. has been watered B. should be watered C. should water含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞 + be + PP2021/3/913( (四四)

8、 )主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài): : (1)(1)把把來的來的提到前面作被動語態(tài)的提到前面作被動語態(tài)的(2)(2)把把謂語動詞謂語動詞變成變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)被動結(jié)構(gòu)( (bebe過去分詞過去分詞) () (根根據(jù)被動語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來據(jù)被動語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動語態(tài)句子中動詞的時態(tài)來決定主動語態(tài)句子中動詞的時態(tài)來決定bebe的形式的形式) )。 (3)(3)把主動語態(tài)中的把主動語態(tài)中的主語主語放在介詞放在介詞byby之后作之后作賓語賓語，將將主格主格改為改為賓格賓格。如：。如： They make the bikes in the factory. .

9、The bikesin the factory.are madethemby2021/3/914主變被步驟主變被步驟: :1.找賓語找賓語: 即動作的承受者即動作的承受者(改為主語改為主語)He washed his car yesterday. His car3. 判斷判斷新主語新主語的單復數(shù)的單復數(shù):確定確定be動詞的單復數(shù)動詞的單復數(shù). be4. 判斷動詞的時態(tài)判斷動詞的時態(tài) : 即即be動詞的時態(tài)動詞的時態(tài).2. 修改謂語的語態(tài)修改謂語的語態(tài):即即be+原原V.過去分詞過去分詞 washed5. 修改原句的主語修改原句的主語 :即即by +主語主語(變賓格變賓格). (by him)

10、yesterday.iswas was2021/3/9151.Tom broke the window. The window 2.She broke the windows. The windows 3.He cleans the classroom everyday. The classroom was broken by Tom.were brokenby her.is cleaned by himbe動詞的單復數(shù)變化動詞的單復數(shù)變化:everyday.2021/3/916 1. They will finish the work in ten days.The workin ten d

11、ays.will be finished(by them)2021/3/9171. Amy can take good care of the cat The cat can be taken good care ofby Amy. 2021/3/918( (四四) )被動語態(tài)的特殊情況被動語態(tài)的特殊情況: :1.在主動語態(tài)中在主動語態(tài)中, ,make, let, hear, see, watch, notice等詞等詞,其后跟省略其后跟省略to的動詞不定式的動詞不定式(動動詞原形詞原形),在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,必須必須還原動詞還原動詞不定式符號不定式符號to.如如: 1) We

12、heard him sing this song in the room. He was heard to sing this song in the room.2) The boss made him work 14 hours a day. He was made to work 14 hours a day. 3) I see him walk to school. He is seen to walk to school. 2021/3/919A traffic accident _(happen) just now.happened2. 連系動詞連系動詞（Link.v.) 如：如：b

13、e, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, becomePeking Opera _ (sound) beautiful.sounds3. 當此動詞表示當此動詞表示事物的自然屬性事物的自然屬性的時候的時候:The pen _ (write) very fast.writesThis kind of sweater _ (sell) well. sells1. 不及物動詞不及物動詞（vi.) 如如:happen, take place, appear, disappear, 不用被動語態(tài)的動詞：不用被動語態(tài)的動詞：2021/3/920

14、表示主語的自然屬性特征表示主語的自然屬性特征well/ badly/easily/smoothly),常見動詞：常見動詞：read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, lock, open, cook, shut, dry, eat, drink, The books _ well A. were sold B. sell C. have sold D. are being soldThis kind of cloth _ easily A. has washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washed2021/3/9211. M

15、any accidents_ by careless drivers last year.A. are caused B. were causedC. have caused D. will cause2. An official _ by some reporters on food problems in Shanghai yesterday.A. is interviewing B. is interviewed C. was interviewing D. was interviewed3. Today a lot of information can _ online. A. rec

16、eive B. be received C. is received D. receiving4. Im glad to find that many trees_ in our city last year.A. plant B. planted C. were planted D. are planted2021/3/9225. Driving after drinking wine in China. A. allows B. doesnt allow C. is allowed D. isnt allowed6. Dont worry. Your package here until

17、you come back, so enjoy shopping here. A. will keep B. has kept C. will be kept D. has been kept7. Its true that Shakespeares play _ by so many people every year.A. see B. will see C. are seeing D. are seen2021/3/923Correcting mistakeCorrect the mistake(s) in each sentence if any:1)Two boys hurt whi

18、le playing a ball2)The singer lived in London until he was sending to university3)How long do you think the meeting will be lasted?2021/3/9244)Class is begun at 7:30 every day5)His plan is sounded good1.樹要在春天種樹要在春天種;2.樹坑要挖得夠大樹坑要挖得夠大,但不要太深但不要太深;3.把樹放進坑里把樹放進坑里,扶直扶直;4.把泥推回坑里把泥推回坑里,用腳踩實用腳踩實;5.在旁邊插一根堅實的長棍子在旁邊插一根堅實的長棍子,并且保證棍并且保證棍子插直了子插直了;6.用繩子用繩子（rope）把棍子和樹綁起來把棍子和樹綁起來7.澆好水澆好水. 根據(jù)提示寫一篇以根據(jù)提示寫一篇以How to Plant a Tree?為題目的短文，要求內(nèi)容齊全，上為題目的短文，要求內(nèi)容齊全，上下文連貫。盡量使用下文連貫。盡量使用被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)，80詞左右。詞左右。1.樹要在春天樹要在春天種種;2.樹坑要樹坑要挖挖得得夠大夠大,但不要但不要太深太深;3.把把樹樹放進放進坑里坑里, 扶直扶直;4.把把泥泥推回推回坑里坑里,用用腳腳踩實踩實;5.在旁邊在旁邊插插一根堅一根堅實的長棍子