初中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解.ppt

1、2021/3/91Cindy2021/3/92 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)： 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) (the Active Voice) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) (the Passive Voice)A. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者執(zhí)行者。B. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者承受者。We planted the tree.The tree was planted by us.注：后面能接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)注：后面能接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)2021/3/93We speak English.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)English is s

2、poken by us.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)They cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天他們打掃了教室。昨天他們打掃了教室。The classroom was cleaned by them yesterday.昨天教室被他們打掃了。昨天教室被他們打掃了。2021/3/941. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：is / am / are + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was / were + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 3. 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在/過(guò)去完成時(shí)：過(guò)去完成時(shí)：has / have

3、/had + been + 及物動(dòng)詞的及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 4. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)：一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will+ be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 5. 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 6. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am / is / are + being + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞詞歌訣：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)歌訣：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)be字變，過(guò)去分詞跟后面字變，過(guò)去分詞跟后面2021/3/95(一)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)基本用法:當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的形式是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由助動(dòng)

4、詞be+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成，時(shí)態(tài)通過(guò)be表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。2021/3/96be + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞( (二二) )被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu): :有各種時(shí)態(tài)的變化有各種時(shí)態(tài)的變化2021/3/971.1.規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞：1)1)一般情況在動(dòng)詞原形后一般情況在動(dòng)詞原形后加加-ed-edwatch-watched2)2)以不發(fā)音以不發(fā)音e e結(jié)尾的加結(jié)尾的加-d-dpractice-practiced3)3)以輔音加以輔音加y y結(jié)尾的，去結(jié)尾的，去y y變變i i加加-ed-edstudy-studied4)4)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫該以重讀閉音節(jié)

5、結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加輔音字母，再加-ed-edstop-stopped2.2.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞：amisarewaswerebeenhavehashaddodonewritewrittengogone動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞的變化動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞的變化:2021/3/981. Now English _ by more and more people all over the word. A. speaks B. is spoken C. was spoken一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+am / is / are + PP2021

6、/3/992. The lost boy _ at the street corner last night. A. was found B. is found C. was looked for一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+was / were + PP2021/3/9103. More man-made satellites _ in the future. A. will send up B. will be sent up C. are sent up一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+will + be + PP主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ +be going

7、 to + be + PP2021/3/9114. Three bridges _ since last year. A. have built B. were built C. have been built現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+have/ has+ been + PP2021/3/9125. Flowers _ every day. A. has been watered B. should be watered C. should water含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be + PP2021/3/913( (四四)

8、 )主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): : (1)(1)把把來(lái)的來(lái)的提到前面作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的提到前面作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的(2)(2)把把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變成變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)( (bebe過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞) () (根根據(jù)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子里的主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來(lái)?yè)?jù)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子里的主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來(lái)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)決定主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)決定bebe的形式的形式) )。 (3)(3)把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)放在介詞放在介詞byby之后作之后作賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)，將將主格主格改為改為賓格賓格。如：。如： They make the bikes in the factory. .

9、The bikesin the factory.are madethemby2021/3/914主變被步驟主變被步驟: :1.找賓語(yǔ)找賓語(yǔ): 即動(dòng)作的承受者即動(dòng)作的承受者(改為主語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ))He washed his car yesterday. His car3. 判斷判斷新主語(yǔ)新主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)的單復(fù)數(shù):確定確定be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù). be4. 判斷動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)判斷動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) : 即即be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài).2. 修改謂語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)修改謂語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài):即即be+原原V.過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 washed5. 修改原句的主語(yǔ)修改原句的主語(yǔ) :即即by +主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)(變賓格變賓格). (by him)

10、yesterday.iswas was2021/3/9151.Tom broke the window. The window 2.She broke the windows. The windows 3.He cleans the classroom everyday. The classroom was broken by Tom.were brokenby her.is cleaned by himbe動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)變化動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)變化:everyday.2021/3/916 1. They will finish the work in ten days.The workin ten d

11、ays.will be finished(by them)2021/3/9171. Amy can take good care of the cat The cat can be taken good care ofby Amy. 2021/3/918( (四四) )被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊情況被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊情況: :1.在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中, ,make, let, hear, see, watch, notice等詞等詞,其后跟省略其后跟省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞不定式(動(dòng)動(dòng)詞原形詞原形),在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),必須必須還原動(dòng)詞還原動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)不定式符號(hào)to.如如: 1) We

12、heard him sing this song in the room. He was heard to sing this song in the room.2) The boss made him work 14 hours a day. He was made to work 14 hours a day. 3) I see him walk to school. He is seen to walk to school. 2021/3/919A traffic accident _(happen) just now.happened2. 連系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞（Link.v.) 如：如：b

13、e, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, becomePeking Opera _ (sound) beautiful.sounds3. 當(dāng)此動(dòng)詞表示當(dāng)此動(dòng)詞表示事物的自然屬性事物的自然屬性的時(shí)候的時(shí)候:The pen _ (write) very fast.writesThis kind of sweater _ (sell) well. sells1. 不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞（vi.) 如如:happen, take place, appear, disappear, 不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：2021/3/920

14、表示主語(yǔ)的自然屬性特征表示主語(yǔ)的自然屬性特征well/ badly/easily/smoothly),常見動(dòng)詞：常見動(dòng)詞：read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, lock, open, cook, shut, dry, eat, drink, The books _ well A. were sold B. sell C. have sold D. are being soldThis kind of cloth _ easily A. has washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washed2021/3/9211. M

15、any accidents_ by careless drivers last year.A. are caused B. were causedC. have caused D. will cause2. An official _ by some reporters on food problems in Shanghai yesterday.A. is interviewing B. is interviewed C. was interviewing D. was interviewed3. Today a lot of information can _ online. A. rec

16、eive B. be received C. is received D. receiving4. Im glad to find that many trees_ in our city last year.A. plant B. planted C. were planted D. are planted2021/3/9225. Driving after drinking wine in China. A. allows B. doesnt allow C. is allowed D. isnt allowed6. Dont worry. Your package here until

17、you come back, so enjoy shopping here. A. will keep B. has kept C. will be kept D. has been kept7. Its true that Shakespeares play _ by so many people every year.A. see B. will see C. are seeing D. are seen2021/3/923Correcting mistakeCorrect the mistake(s) in each sentence if any:1)Two boys hurt whi

18、le playing a ball2)The singer lived in London until he was sending to university3)How long do you think the meeting will be lasted?2021/3/9244)Class is begun at 7:30 every day5)His plan is sounded good1.樹要在春天種樹要在春天種;2.樹坑要挖得夠大樹坑要挖得夠大,但不要太深但不要太深;3.把樹放進(jìn)坑里把樹放進(jìn)坑里,扶直扶直;4.把泥推回坑里把泥推回坑里,用腳踩實(shí)用腳踩實(shí);5.在旁邊插一根堅(jiān)實(shí)的長(zhǎng)棍子在旁邊插一根堅(jiān)實(shí)的長(zhǎng)棍子,并且保證棍并且保證棍子插直了子插直了;6.用繩子用繩子（rope）把棍子和樹綁起來(lái)把棍子和樹綁起來(lái)7.澆好水澆好水. 根據(jù)提示寫一篇以根據(jù)提示寫一篇以How to Plant a Tree?為題目的短文，要求內(nèi)容齊全，上為題目的短文，要求內(nèi)容齊全，上下文連貫。盡量使用下文連貫。盡量使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，80詞左右。詞左右。1.樹要在春天樹要在春天種種;2.樹坑要樹坑要挖挖得得夠大夠大,但不要但不要太深太深;3.把把樹樹放進(jìn)放進(jìn)坑里坑里, 扶直扶直;4.把把泥泥推回推回坑里坑里,用用腳腳踩實(shí)踩實(shí);5.在旁邊在旁邊插插一根堅(jiān)一根堅(jiān)實(shí)的長(zhǎng)棍子