2019學年高一年級英語自主預習學案：Unit1《Womenofachievement》Grammar(新人教版必修4含答案)

1、GRAMMAR主謂一致【歸納】主謂一致是指句子的主語和謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上要保持一致。一般遵循以下原則:1. 語法一致原則：主語和謂語在人稱和數(shù)上一致。主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也采用單數(shù)形 式；主語是復數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也采用復數(shù)形式。2. 意義一致原則：謂語的單復數(shù)取決于主語的意義。當主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義上卻是復 數(shù)時，謂語根據(jù)意義用復數(shù)形式；當主語形式上為復數(shù)，但意義上卻是單數(shù)時，謂語根據(jù) 意義用單數(shù)形式。3. 就近一致原則：謂語動詞的形式與鄰近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上一致。一、 名詞作主語1. 集體名詞作主語，如果表示整體概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如果強調個體，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。常見的這類

2、名詞有army, audie nee, class, family, team, crowd, staff,enemy, government 等。有些集體名詞如people, police 等，通?？醋鲝蛿?shù)，謂語動詞必須用復數(shù)。如：The team is the best in the league.The team are all lovely people.I don care what people think.2. 單、復數(shù)同形的名詞如 species, deer, fish, sheep, means 等作主語時，應根據(jù)其意義來決 定謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式。如：Several lar

3、ge fish live in the pond.A large fish was caught during the competition.3. 表示單數(shù)概念的復形名詞（如學科、機構、書名、劇名等）作主語，謂語動詞通常用 單數(shù)。如：Maths is one of the most importa nt courses in the senior school.The Times is Brita in 6ldsst n atio nal daily.4. trousers, shoes, chopsticks, sun glasses 等名詞作主語，謂語動詞通常用復數(shù)形式；但如果 其前有

4、a pair of, a kind of 等時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)。如：His trousers were slightly too short.A pair of trousers is on the bed.5. 當名詞短語的中心詞為表示距離、金額、時間等的復數(shù)名詞時，往往把這些復數(shù)名詞 看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：Four thousa nd dollars is more tha n she can afford.6. “ then 形容詞或過去分詞”結構作主語時，表示一類可數(shù)的人或事物，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。 這類詞有 rich, poor, bli nd, injured 等。如：

5、Even the poor have their pride.The injured were take n to several n earby hospitals.7. 如果主語由 more than one 或 many a 構成，即使從意義上看是復數(shù)，但謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式；在“ more+復數(shù)名詞+ than one結構之后，謂語動詞通常用復數(shù)形式。如：More tha n one pers on has bee n concerned in this.Many a famous pop star has bee n ruined by drugs.More boxes tha n

6、 one have bee n used at the stati on.二、 代詞作主語1. 由代詞 each, either, neither, another 以及合成代詞 something, anything, nothing, everyth ing,somebody, an ybody, n obody, everybody, some one, anyone, every one 作主語 時，謂語動詞均用單數(shù)。如：Two boys entered. Each was carrying a suitcase.Everybody was glad to see her back.2

7、. all, most, none, some 等作主語時， 謂語動詞的形式要根據(jù)它們所代替的內容來定。 如： Those boysare my students. All work hard.I wanted some more coffee but there was none left.三、由連接詞連接的名詞或代詞作主語1. 兩個名詞或代詞由 and 連接作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復數(shù)。但當 and 不表示并列意義， 而連接兩個在意義上表示同一人、物、概念或由兩個部件配成的物品時，謂語動詞則 用單數(shù)形式。如：Both the secretary and the manager have a

8、greed to be present.Law and order means different things to people with different political opinions.2. 當主語后跟有說明主語的修飾語， 如由 with, as well as, along with, rather than, together with,including, in addition to 等引導的短語時，謂語動詞與主語保持一致。如：The missing things, as well as the bag, have been found and returned to

9、the owner.3. 由 or, either . or ., neither . nor ，not only . but also . 等連接的名詞或代詞作主語 時，謂語動詞與鄰近的主語相一致。如：Not only the students but also their teacher is going to the exhibition.四、 含數(shù)詞的短語作主語“分數(shù)或百分數(shù) + of +名詞”構成的短語作主語時， 謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于 of 后名詞的數(shù)。 如：Only one third of the work was done yesterday.Three fourths of t

10、he students come to school on time.五、 從句作主語名詞性從句作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。但如果是兩個或兩個以上的從句由and 連接表示兩個概念時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。另外，what 從句作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)由其表示的意義來決定。如：Whether we go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.What caused the snow slide and how many tourists were injured are still unknown.What you want is a big bag.What

11、he left are but a few old books.【 即學即練 】I. 用括號內所給單詞的適當形式填空。1. I think $5,000 _(be) too much for a used car. 1,000 meters _ (make) a kilometer.2. The number of students in our school _ (be) increasing year by year. A large number of books _ (be) borrowed from the library every day.3. My friend and cl

12、assmate Paul _ (like) playing computer games. A writer and a singer _ (have) already arrived.4. On the wall _ (be) two pictures, which attract many people. Among the students _(stand) their teacher, who is in her thirties.5. Three fourths of the peach _(have) gone bad. Three fourths of the peaches _

13、(have) gone bad.6. Betty is one of us who _ (want) to join the English Club. Betty is the only one of us who _(want) to join the English Club.7. Everything, including the clothes, _ (be) stolen that evening. All but one _ (have) passed the exam.II. 選用括號內合適的選項補全下面短文。Hi Cathy,Greeti ngs from Nepal! Im

14、e nding this from an internet caf ein a small tow n n orth of Kathmandu.The town itself isnvetry interesting, but everything around it 1. _ (is / are) beautifulI can see the Himalayas through the cafewindow!The courses here are great, although maths 2. _ (is / are) certainly not my strongpoint.A lot

15、 of Nepalpsopulation lives in the mountainous parts of the country south of the Himalayas, andmost of these people 3. _ (depend / depends) on growing crops andkeeping animals. The standard of living in Kathmandu and the other cities 4. _ (have / has)risen a lot recently, and the number of people likely to move into the cities 5. _ (is / are)expected to increase. Itasreal problem here. The Himalaya Times, the local English-language newspaper,6. _ (has / have) just published a survey showing that most young peoplewould stay in their home vi