幾何光學(xué)與激光中常用英語(yǔ)詞匯表

1、幾何光學(xué)與激光中常用英語(yǔ)詞匯表Vocabulary1Paraxialray近軸光線imageformation成像opticalaxis光軸opticalcomponent光學(xué)元件homogenousmedium均勻介質(zhì)Propagation傳播Fermat'sprinciple費(fèi)馬原理Reflection反射Refraction折射Transmission透射refractiveindex折射率Normal法線，正交的Totalreflection全反射Surface表面Interface界面criticalangle臨界角prism棱鏡Splitter分束器convexlens凸透

2、鏡Resolution分辨率concaveboundary凹形邊界focallength焦距antireflectioncoating減反覆層，抗反射膜Fiber光纖Cladding包層Perfectimage完善像Object(image)space物（像）空間magnification放大率Parallelplate平行平板focalplane焦平面stop光闌pupil光瞳raytracing光線追跡Incidentbeam入射光Vocabulary2Ultraviolet紫外的visible可見(jiàn)的infrared紅外的scalarfunction標(biāo)量函數(shù)vectorfunction矢量

3、函數(shù)wavelength波長(zhǎng)frequency頻率Angularfrequency角頻率Radian弧度interference干涉diffraction衍射polarization偏振electromagneticwave電磁波monochromaticwave單色波polychromaticwave多色波planewave平面波sphericalwave球面波amplitude振幅phase相位wavenumber波數(shù)wavefront波前wavevector波矢envelope包絡(luò)Waveenvelope波包Wavepackettheory波包理論quarterwaveplate四分之一

4、波片grating光柵absorption吸收phaseshift相移Spectrometer分光計(jì)，光譜儀spectroscopy光譜學(xué)superpositionprinciple疊加原理Opticalintensity光強(qiáng)interferometer干涉儀Scattering散射Freespace自由空間spacialfilter空間濾波器fourier-transforming傅立葉變換inversefourier-transforming逆傅立葉變換transferfunction傳遞函數(shù)Magnitude量值，值，大小Pinhole針孔HologramvocabularyHologr

5、am全息圖holography全息術(shù)holographicreconstruction全息再現(xiàn)holographicrecording全息記錄volumeholography體全息術(shù)referencewave參考波objectwave物波coherentlight相干光braggcondition布拉格（布喇格）條件conjugate共扼rainbowhologram彩虹全息圖Exposure曝光Emulsion感光乳劑slit縫Orthogonal正交的monochromatic單色的Vibrate振動(dòng)Apparatus器械，儀器Minimal最小的Fluctuation波動(dòng)，起伏illum

6、inate照明Transparency透明物Planar平面的Three-dimensinal三維的Vocabulary4Electriefield電場(chǎng)Magneticfield磁場(chǎng)Electromagneticfield電磁場(chǎng)Spectrum光譜Maxwellequation麥克斯韋方程Permittivity介電系數(shù)Permeability磁導(dǎo)率Electriefluxdensity電通量密度Magneticfluxdensity磁通量密度electriedisplacement電位移Freespace自由空間Medium介質(zhì)Linear線性的Disperisive色散的Nondisper

7、sive非色散的Isotropic各向同性的Anisotropic各向異性的refractiveindex折射率absorptioncoefficient吸收系數(shù)phasevelocity相速度groupvelocity群速度Attenuation衰減alumina氧化鋁Pulse脈沖Delay延遲Integrated-opticaldevice集成光學(xué)器件Vocabulary5transverseelectromagneticwave橫電磁波Polarization偏振linearlypolarizedwave線偏振波circularlypolarizedlight圓偏振光elliptica

8、llypolarizedlight橢圓偏振光Polarizer偏光器Polarizingbeamsplitter偏振分束器brewsterangle布儒斯特角Symmetry對(duì)稱biaxialcrystal雙軸晶體Uniaxialcrystal單軸晶體ordinaryindex尋常折射率extraordinarylight異常光doublerefraction雙折射Birefringence雙折射Calcite方解石quartz石英dichroic二向色的，二色性的Vocabulary6polarization-maintainingfiber偏振保持光纖，保偏光纖single-modefib

9、er單模光纖multimodefiber多模光纖modaldispersion模式色散Dispersion-shiftedfiber色散位移光纖step-indexfiber階躍折射率光纖graded-indexfiber漸變折射率光纖numericalaperture(NA)數(shù)值孔徑Speckle散斑Vocabulary7Coherent相干的incoherent非相干的Photon光子amplifier放大器energylevel能級(jí)atomic原子的Transition躍遷Linewidth線寬thermalequilibrium熱平衡Nonequlibrium非平衡population

10、inversion粒子數(shù)反轉(zhuǎn)Pump泵浦，抽運(yùn)Feedback反饋Loss損耗Gain增益saturatedgaincoefficient飽和增益系數(shù)Threshold閾值resonator共振器，共振腔pulsetrain脈沖序列Period周期modelocking/modelocked鎖模Q-switchQ開(kāi)關(guān)Modulate調(diào)制longitudinalmode縱模Free-runningmode自由振動(dòng)模式spatialholeburning空間燒孔Vocabulary8correlation相關(guān)，關(guān)聯(lián)statisticaldistribution統(tǒng)計(jì)分布Random隨機(jī)的probab

11、ility概率poissondistribution泊松分布Orthonormal標(biāo)準(zhǔn)正交的，規(guī)范正交的orthogonal正交的，垂直的eigenfunction本征函數(shù)harmonicoscillator諧振子quantaofenergy能量量子Particle粒子Momentum動(dòng)量uncertaintyrelation不確定關(guān)系Heisenberg海森堡squeezedlight壓縮光Coherentlight相干光quantumtheory量子理論photonflux光子通量entangle糾纏entangledphotonpairs糾纏光子對(duì)Bellinequality貝爾不等式teleportation隱形傳態(tài)、離物傳態(tài)quantumcryptography量子密碼Vocabulary9frequencyconversion頻率轉(zhuǎn)換Downconversion下轉(zhuǎn)換Parametrieprocess參量過(guò)程N(yùn)onparametrieprocess非參量過(guò)程SpontaneousParametrieDownconversion自發(fā)參量下轉(zhuǎn)換quasi-phasematch準(zhǔn)相位匹配Phasemismatch相位失配Secondharmonicgeneration二次諧波產(chǎn)生，倍頻效應(yīng)Sum-fr