考研英語(yǔ)作文輔導(dǎo)第一段開(kāi)篇布局PPT課件

1、大作文段落寫(xiě)作（描述段）大作文段落寫(xiě)作（描述段）大作文寫(xiě)作思路大作文寫(xiě)作思路三段論三段論（英語(yǔ)二）圖表作文第一段（英語(yǔ)二）圖表作文第一段第1頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)一、有圖作文思路一、有圖作文思路（1）寫(xiě)作三段論 Introduction圖畫(huà)描述段，引言段，起始段 Body主體/拓展段,意義闡釋段 Conclusion結(jié)論段，建議措施段11/19/2021Writing2消極寓意類(lèi)消極寓意類(lèi)積極寓意類(lèi)積極寓意類(lèi)第2頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)（2）三段安排 等邊六邊形結(jié)構(gòu)三段論11/19/2021Writing3首段首段3-4句句中間段中間段5-6句句尾段尾段3-4句句第3頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)三至四句(50-55詞)：1. Ge

2、neral description：總體描述 尋找出圖畫(huà)的中心事物，確定中心事物 的位置，從動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)兩方面來(lái)描述畫(huà)面中的中心事物；2. Details：挖掘細(xì)節(jié)詞，聯(lián)結(jié)成句尋找中心事物周?chē)嚓P(guān)的事物，并進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的描述 ( 細(xì)節(jié)描述）3.Caption：文字說(shuō)明若圖畫(huà)下方有 caption，可將其翻譯為英語(yǔ)4二、圖畫(huà)描述段的寫(xiě)法二、圖畫(huà)描述段的寫(xiě)法第4頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)段落寫(xiě)作段落寫(xiě)作描述段寫(xiě)法描述段寫(xiě)法2010第5頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)確定關(guān)鍵詞確定關(guān)鍵詞：中心中心細(xì)節(jié)細(xì)節(jié)火鍋火鍋Hot pot文化名人文化名人文化元素文化元素Cultural celebrityCultural elements/ingre

3、dients/terms第6頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)提示語(yǔ)的翻譯提示語(yǔ)的翻譯The caption reads, “Cultural hot pot, both delicious and nutritious”文化“火鍋”，既美味又營(yíng)養(yǎng)Line of text below the picture reads, “Cultural hot pot, both delicious and nutritious”第7頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)連詞成句連詞成句宏觀(guān)概述宏觀(guān)概述+ +細(xì)節(jié)描述細(xì)節(jié)描述 一個(gè)大大的火鍋，火鍋里有很多東西方文化元素的名字，一個(gè)大大的火鍋，火鍋里有很多東西方文化元素的名字，比如：莎士比亞、孔子、京劇、

4、天鵝湖等比如：莎士比亞、孔子、京劇、天鵝湖等。 ( (改善表達(dá)）改善表達(dá)） In the picture stands a hot pot, which contains /containing /in which we can see a variety of/various cultural terms/ingredients/elements of both western and eastern background, such as Shakespeare, Confucius, Beijing Opera, Swan Lake and so on.There is a hot po

5、t in the picture. In the hot pot we can see many cultural terms, such as.第8頁(yè)/共57頁(yè) 林志玲，生于林志玲，生于19741974年，年，身高身高175cm175cm，是臺(tái)灣的一，是臺(tái)灣的一位超級(jí)名模。位超級(jí)名模。20032003年，林年，林志玲取代蕭薔當(dāng)選志玲取代蕭薔當(dāng)選“臺(tái)灣臺(tái)灣第一美女第一美女”。補(bǔ)：句子的提升補(bǔ)：句子的提升第9頁(yè)/共57頁(yè) Lin Chi-ling was born in 1974. Lin Chi-ling is 1.75 m. Lin Chi-ling is a supermodel in T

6、aiwan. Lin Chi-ling was selected as “Taiwans Beauty” in 2003. Lin Chi-ling replaced Stephanie.第10頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)Born in 1974 and with a height of 1.75m, 伴隨狀語(yǔ)伴隨狀語(yǔ) 介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)Lin Chi-ling ,a supermodel in Taiwan, 同位語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)was selectedto replace Stephanie 不定式不定式as “Taiwans Beauty” in 2003. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)第11頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)如何拉長(zhǎng)句子: 理論

7、上，一個(gè)句子只要主謂賓保住了，想寫(xiě)多長(zhǎng)就可以寫(xiě)多長(zhǎng)，因?yàn)槠渌由先サ臇|西，不管怎么加，都是修飾。什么是修飾，就是有它沒(méi)它，句子意思都不會(huì)發(fā)生實(shí)質(zhì)改變第12頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)Case:我愛(ài)你 中文表達(dá)法：一朵梨花壓海棠、外形俊俏勝潘安的我，深深地愛(ài)上了那個(gè)面如桃花、身若珠玉、令甄子丹一夜變憔悴、孟爺爺眼鏡片崩碎的你 鳳姐 英文表達(dá)法：我, who 一朵梨花壓海棠、外形俊俏勝潘安，深深地愛(ài)上了那個(gè)你 鳳姐, who 面如桃花、身若珠玉、令甄子丹一夜變憔悴、孟爺爺眼鏡片崩碎。第13頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)第14頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)人要衣服馬要鞍 Teamwork spirit is important for a perso

8、n. Globalization has brought great changes to our life.第15頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)一個(gè)妝真的可以改變一個(gè)人 Teamwork spirit is important for a person. As a fundamental quality for sucess, teamwork spirit is of utmost importance for a individual waiting to work with others to create a wonderful career.第16頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)一個(gè)妝真的可以改變一個(gè)人 Globali

9、zation has brought great changes to our life. Globalization, an inevitable tendency of social development, has brought great transformations to not only our individual life but also social development, which has changed our lifestyle, integrated world economy and promoted intercultural communication

10、. 第17頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)There is a pretty American girl in the picture. The girl is in Chinese traditional costume and wears necklace. She is smiling happily.(改）As is vividly shown in the photo, in the sunshine stands a pretty American girl, (who is) in traditional Chinese costume, wearing necklace and its like,

11、 with a sweet smile on her face.倒裝非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞/非限定性定語(yǔ)從句With結(jié)構(gòu)第18頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)2008第19頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)扔下拐杖扔下拐杖相互攙扶相互攙扶向前奔跑向前奔跑help/support each other with firm handsrunning/walking/striding forward兩腿綁在一起兩腿綁在一起crutches left behindlegs bound together細(xì)節(jié)細(xì)節(jié)殘疾人殘疾人disabled/handicapped men確定關(guān)鍵詞確定關(guān)鍵詞：中心中心第20頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)legs bound togetherc

12、rutches left behindcaptionrunning/walking/striding forward第21頁(yè)/共57頁(yè) 兩個(gè)殘疾青年兩個(gè)殘疾青年 ，拋開(kāi)拐杖拋開(kāi)拐杖，兩腿綁在一起兩腿綁在一起，相互相互攙扶攙扶正在正在向前奔跑向前奔跑。 Two disabled young men, with crutches left behind and legs bound together, are supporting each other with their firm hands and running forward on the ground. Two handicapped

13、young men are striding forward on the ground. Crutches left behind and legs bound together, they are supporting each other with their firm hands.連詞成句連詞成句宏觀(guān)概述宏觀(guān)概述+ +細(xì)節(jié)描述細(xì)節(jié)描述第22頁(yè)/共57頁(yè) 你一條腿 我一條腿 你我一起 走南闖北The caption reads, “You have only/merely one leg and so do I. Helping each other, we can travel all

14、 around”提示語(yǔ)的翻譯提示語(yǔ)的翻譯The caption indicates that they can travel north and south extensively with combined legs.第23頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)描述段寫(xiě)法總結(jié)描述段寫(xiě)法總結(jié)：第第1 1句：宏觀(guān)概括句：宏觀(guān)概括 ( (圖畫(huà)最直觀(guān)信息，中圖畫(huà)最直觀(guān)信息，中心事物心事物) )第第2-32-3句：細(xì)節(jié)描述（句：細(xì)節(jié)描述（中心事物周?chē)嚓P(guān)中心事物周?chē)嚓P(guān)的事物）的事物）第第4 4句：提示語(yǔ)翻譯句：提示語(yǔ)翻譯第第5 5句：結(jié)尾套話(huà)句：結(jié)尾套話(huà)4句左右句左右第24頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)描述圖畫(huà) 如圖所示，在椅子上有一個(gè)年輕人

15、，希望理發(fā)師把自己的頭發(fā)理成貝克漢姆的樣子。As is vividly drawn in the picture, in the chair sits a young man, having his hair cut as cool as David Beckham.第25頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)第26頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)描述圖畫(huà) 如圖所示，黑暗中有一盞小小的油燈，它向周?chē)l(fā)著光亮。 As is shown in the cartoon, in the darkness happily stands a candle. It spreads brightness around itself. As is sho

16、wn in the cartoon, in the darkness happily stands a candle, spreading brightness around itself.第27頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)第28頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)描述圖畫(huà)As is shown in the cartoon, on the playground runs a young man, rushing to the final, which is defined as another start one. 第29頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)2009網(wǎng)絡(luò)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)的“近近”與與“遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)”第30頁(yè)/共57頁(yè) （2009）As is illustr

17、ated in the cartoon,1 each (every) person sits in their own work room. In front of them is a computer. Everyone looks at the screen carefully, and communicates with their colleagues through the net instead of talking face to face. Their work places are placed like a net.2 And below the cartoon, ther

18、e is a topic which says: the near and far among the Internet.3 66words11/19/2021Writing31第31頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)描述段寫(xiě)作套路與表達(dá)描述段寫(xiě)作套路與表達(dá) (宏觀(guān)概括) As is vividly depicted/portrayed in the picture, 中心事物動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) +(細(xì)節(jié)描述) with/ing/ed/which/who+ (提示語(yǔ)翻譯) The caption indicates that/reads：“”+(結(jié)尾套話(huà)) By carefully examining this pictu

19、re, we find a deeper social message is transmitted to us.第32頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)第一段常用首句寫(xiě)法1.The picture/drawing/cartoon/ above vividly/interestingly/humorously describe+名詞這幅圖生動(dòng)地/有趣地/幽默地描述了。2. Indicated above is a picture that portrays+名詞如圖所示， 上面的圖畫(huà)描述了。3. As is shown/ depicted in the above picture, 如圖所示（后接完整單獨(dú)句子描寫(xiě)圖

20、畫(huà)） 。4. There are, according to this vivid picture, a young boy 第33頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)第一段常用末句寫(xiě)法1. But is this what the author means to tell us? Certainly not.但是這真是作者想要告訴我們的嗎？當(dāng)然不是了但是這真是作者想要告訴我們的嗎？當(dāng)然不是了。2. Funny (Simple) as the picture is, the symbolic meaning is as deep as ocean.盡管圖畫(huà)很有趣（簡(jiǎn)單），圖畫(huà)的含義確如大海一樣深。3. The aut

21、hors real purpose is not the fact itself, but to lead us to find what hides behind the iceburg.作者的真實(shí)目的不是圖畫(huà)本身， 而是要引導(dǎo)我們?nèi)ヌ角笤趫D畫(huà)背后究竟隱藏著什么。第34頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)Exercise以上的照片生動(dòng)地顯示出以上的照片生動(dòng)地顯示出來(lái)，來(lái)，相貌英俊的相貌英俊的英國(guó)足球英國(guó)足球巨星貝克漢姆在年輕人中巨星貝克漢姆在年輕人中廣受歡迎。在廣受歡迎。在 第一張照第一張照片中，貝克漢姆的名字出片中，貝克漢姆的名字出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)年輕人的額頭上，現(xiàn)在一個(gè)年輕人的額頭上，文字表明：對(duì)偶像的崇拜文字表明：對(duì)

22、偶像的崇拜寫(xiě)在了臉上。在第二張照寫(xiě)在了臉上。在第二張照片中，這個(gè)年輕人正在理片中，這個(gè)年輕人正在理發(fā)店中做貝克漢姆的時(shí)髦發(fā)店中做貝克漢姆的時(shí)髦發(fā)發(fā) 型。我們得到的信息型。我們得到的信息是他正花是他正花300300元來(lái)模仿偶元來(lái)模仿偶像的發(fā)式像的發(fā)式 (2006(2006年）年）As is vividly depicted in the photos above, Beckham, the handsome British football superstar, is enjoying a striking popularity among young people. In the first

23、photo, Beckhams name appears on a young mans face. The caption indicates that worship for the idol is written on the face. In the second photo, this young man is doing Beckhams chic hairstyle in a barbershop. We are informed that he is spending 300 yuan imitating his idols hairdo.第35頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)正如圖畫(huà)形象地描繪，

24、正如圖畫(huà)形象地描繪，一個(gè)男人和女人，可一個(gè)男人和女人，可能是一對(duì)情人，在游能是一對(duì)情人，在游覽的小船上享樂(lè)，并覽的小船上享樂(lè)，并把各種各樣的垃圾扔把各種各樣的垃圾扔進(jìn)湖里，如：魚(yú)骨、進(jìn)湖里，如：魚(yú)骨、套餐、塑料袋等。圖套餐、塑料袋等。圖畫(huà)下寫(xiě)著說(shuō)明文字：畫(huà)下寫(xiě)著說(shuō)明文字：“旅途之余旅途之余”。(2011(2011年）年）As is vividly sketched out in the drawing, a man and a woman, probably a couple, are enjoying themselves in a sightseeing boat, throwing va

25、rious rubbish into the lake, such as fish bones, food containers, and plastic bags. Written below the picture is the caption: “The leftovers of the Journey”.第36頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)圖表作文圖表作文一、基本框架一、基本框架 第一段：描寫(xiě)圖表第一段：描寫(xiě)圖表2-32-3句話(huà)，句話(huà)，40 40 詞左右詞左右 第二段：闡釋含義第二段：闡釋含義 主題句主題句+ +論證句論證句+ +總結(jié)總結(jié)句句,5-7,5-7句話(huà)，句話(huà)，80-9080-90詞左右詞左右

26、第三段：作出評(píng)論第三段：作出評(píng)論 個(gè)人傾向個(gè)人傾向+ +建議措施建議措施+ +展展望未來(lái)，望未來(lái)，3-43-4句話(huà)，句話(huà)，4040詞左右詞左右 第37頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)2.2.圖表類(lèi)型介紹圖表類(lèi)型介紹 柱狀圖柱狀圖: bar/column chart : bar/column chart （1997, 2010 1997, 2010 ，20112011年年英語(yǔ)二）英語(yǔ)二） 餅狀圖餅狀圖 pie chart pie chart 曲線(xiàn)圖曲線(xiàn)圖 line chart/graphline chart/graph（1999), 1999), 表格表格 tabletable第38頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)柱狀圖柱狀圖bar/

27、column bar/column chart chart 看橫軸看橫軸年代年代 看縱軸看縱軸-數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù) 找到主要的變化找到主要的變化 看標(biāo)題看標(biāo)題 當(dāng)圖畫(huà)中的數(shù)字過(guò)多時(shí)當(dāng)圖畫(huà)中的數(shù)字過(guò)多時(shí), ,要找出應(yīng)有變化規(guī)律、要找出應(yīng)有變化規(guī)律、變化趨勢(shì)變化趨勢(shì) private car is playing an increasingly important role in peoples means of transportation. 第39頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)餅狀圖餅狀圖 ：pie chart 側(cè)重于各個(gè)部分的數(shù)值側(cè)重于各個(gè)部分的數(shù)值和所占百分比、即體現(xiàn)和所占百分比、即體現(xiàn)整體和局部的關(guān)系。整體和局部的關(guān)

28、系。 所有圖表中最簡(jiǎn)單地一所有圖表中最簡(jiǎn)單地一種，掌握下列詞組種，掌握下列詞組： 由由組成組成：consist of , be made up of , be composed of 占占比例：比例：account for, make/take up第40頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)靜態(tài)圖：靜態(tài)圖：pie pie chartchart The total is divided into four parts, with A, B, C and D making up % % % and % respectively. The total is divided into four parts, with A a

29、nd B making up % totally. 第41頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)表格 table1.1.特點(diǎn)：數(shù)據(jù)多，點(diǎn)到為止，特點(diǎn)：數(shù)據(jù)多，點(diǎn)到為止，use as few use as few figures as possiblefigures as possible2.2.策略策略：（：（1 1）首尾呼應(yīng)法。只看第一點(diǎn)和最后首尾呼應(yīng)法。只看第一點(diǎn)和最后一點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)，只點(diǎn)首尾，說(shuō)清即可。中間的非一點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)，只點(diǎn)首尾，說(shuō)清即可。中間的非典型性數(shù)據(jù)不用提及典型性數(shù)據(jù)不用提及2004200520062007Grain49%47%45%40%Milk10%12%18%30%Meat17%21%28%34%vege

30、table24%22%20%20%第42頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)（2 2）找規(guī)律，找顯著數(shù)據(jù)）找規(guī)律，找顯著數(shù)據(jù) 在圖表中,存在幾個(gè)變量,就有幾個(gè)規(guī)律,即: 男女對(duì)比,年齡變化,已婚未婚三個(gè)規(guī)律.Total 20-24 25-2930-34Women47%67%36%19%Men56%74%48%32%Percent living with parents (Canada)Unmarried MarriedTotal 20-24 25-2930-34Women3%7%4%2%Men4%9%5%3%第43頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)(a): Number of TV watchers (b): Number of film

31、 goersNumber of People (in thousands)曲線(xiàn)圖曲線(xiàn)圖(line chart/graph)(line chart/graph)1.1.看橫軸看橫軸年代年代 看縱軸看縱軸-數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)2.2.側(cè)重?cái)?shù)據(jù)變化趨勢(shì)側(cè)重?cái)?shù)據(jù)變化趨勢(shì)AB第44頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)1. Interpret the following pictures. 2. Predict the tendency of tobacco consumption and give your reasons. 1997第45頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)第一段 As is shown in the bar chart, the total

32、production of tobacco in the world decreased/shrank form 14.363 billion pounds in 1994 to 14.2 billion pounds in 1995. According to the figures given in the pie chart, the number of smokers accounts for 20 percent of the world population.第46頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)(2010) 1. Interpret the chart 2. Give your comments第4

33、7頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)第一段According to the figures given in the bar chart, the mobile phone subscriptions in developed countries increased slightly from 0.8 billion in 2000 to 1 billion in 2008. Meanwhile the mobile phone subscriptions in developing countries soared from 0.5 billion in 2000 to 4 billion in 2008. 第4

34、8頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)1.effect of the countrys growing human population on its wildlife 2. possible reason for the effect 3. your suggestion for wildlife protection 第49頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)第一段 As is shown in the left line chart, the US population added up to 250 million from 1800 to 1990. In the right line chart, the number of w

35、ild species no longer existing increased from 10 in 1600 to 70 in 1900. It is obvious that the extinction of wildlife resulted from the population explosion. (effect)第50頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)20102010年大綱樣題年大綱樣題 1) describe the table and 2) state your opinion drawn from it. 第51頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)第一段The table above clearly reflect

36、s the statistics of accidents happening in a Chinese city. The number of accidents that resulted from drivers turning out due care increased 10 percent to 108, which is highlighted on the first row of the table. Accidents related to drivers driving under the influence of alcohol rose by 15%, which i

37、s the greatest rise among the listed 5 causes. In comparison, those pedestrians who were careless when crossing roads also led to 411 accidents. By analyzing these factors displayed in the diagram, we may draw the conclusion that both drivers and pedestrians have little respect for traffic regulation.第52頁(yè)/共57頁(yè)補(bǔ)充：補(bǔ)充：1. 常用表示變化的動(dòng)詞常用表示變化的動(dòng)詞 1) 增加增加:increase, grow, expand, rise, multiply, on the r