英語的16種時態(tài)

1、英語的16種時態(tài) 英語共有十六種時態(tài)，其表現形式如下(以study為例)：時態(tài) 一般時進行時完成時完成進行時 現在studybe studyinghave studiedhave been studying過去studiedbe studyinghad studiedhad been studying將來will studywill be studyingwill have studiedwill have been studying過去將來would studywould be studyingwould have studiedwould have been studying時態(tài)

2、（Tense）是表示行為、動作和狀態(tài)在各種時間條件下的動詞形式。因此，當我們說時態(tài)結構的時候，指的是相應時態(tài)下的動詞形式。英語時態(tài)分為16種：一般現在、一般過去、一般將來、過去將來時，以及這四者的進行時、完成時和完成進行時。1. 一般現在時用法：A) 表示現在發(fā)生的動作、情況、狀態(tài)和特征。B) 習慣用語。C) 經常性、習慣性動作。 例：He always helps others. （他總是幫助別人。）D) 客觀事實和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般現在時，則無法保持 主句、從句時態(tài)一致。E) 表示一個按規(guī)定、計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作，（僅限于某些表示“來、去、動 、停、開始、結束、繼續(xù)

3、”等的動詞 ）可以與表示未來時間的狀語搭配使用 。常見的用法是：飛機、火車、輪船、汽車等定期定點運行的交通方式。例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon. （下一趟火車今天下午3點開車。）How often does this shuttle bus run? （這班車多久一趟？）F) 在時間和條件狀語從句里經常用一般現在（有時也用現在完成時）表示將來事 情。例：When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.（等你完成這份報告的

4、時候，我就已經等了將近3個小時了。）2. 現在進行時(be doing) 用法：現在正在進行的動作。二、用法說明表示此時此刻或現階段正在進行的動作。如：Theyre having a meeting. 他們在開會。Im studying at an evening school. 我在上夜校。表示計劃或安排好了的將來動作，常與一個表示將來的時間狀語連用。如：Mike is coming home on Thursday. 邁克星期四回來。Theyre having a party next week. 下星期他們將開一個晚會。注：表示安排將要做的事，人作主語宜用現在進行時，事物作主語，宜用一般

5、現在時。試比較：Im not going out this evening. 今晚我不準備出去。(不宜說I dont) The concert starts at 7: 30. 音樂會七點半開始?，F在進行時與always, often, forever等連用表示贊揚、厭煩等語氣。如：Youre always interrupting me! 你老打斷我的話!(抱怨) My father is always losing his car keys. 我爸老丟車鑰匙。(不滿) Shes always helping people. 她老是幫助別人。(贊揚) 現在進行時在時間和條件狀語從句中，代替過

6、去將來時。如：He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise. (from )注意：像 be, think, understand, love, have, own, see, hear, find, belong to 等靜態(tài)動詞通常不用于進行時。主 語肯 定 式否 定 式疑 問 式 第一、二人稱和第三人稱復數以及名詞復數 I am driving.He/She/It is working.We/You/They are doing something.  I am not driving.He/S

7、he/It is not working.We/You/They are not doing anything.  Are you driving?Is he/she/it working?Are you/they doing something? 三現在進行時的肯定肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式：3. 現在完成時(have done)用法：A) 表示動作到現在為止已經完成或剛剛完成。例：I bought a new house, but I _ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.A) didn

8、9;t sell B) sold C) haven't sold D) would sell答案是C) haven't sold。B) 表示從過去某時刻開始，持續(xù)到現在的動作或情況，并且有可能會繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。此時經常用延續(xù)性動詞。時間狀語常用since加一個過去的時間點，或for加一段時間，或by加一個現在時間。例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas _ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.A) are to challenge C) ha

9、ve been challenged B) may be challenged D) are challenging全句的意思是：“雖然牛頓是個偉大的人物，但他的許多見解直到今天還在受到挑戰(zhàn)，并且被現代科學家的工作所修正?！眂hallenge是及物動詞，在本句中應當是被動語態(tài)；其動作延續(xù)到今天，所以要用現在完成時態(tài)。可見答案是C) have been challenged。A) are to challenge和D) are challenging都是主動語態(tài)，不可能是答案。B) may be challenged雖然是被動語態(tài)，但意思與全句內容不合，所以不對。C) 表示發(fā)生在過去，但對現在仍

10、有影響的動作或情況。通常用點動詞，如：arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。例：John has broken his left leg.（約翰摔斷了左腿。）注意事項A) 現在完成時是聯(lián)系過去和現在的紐帶?，F在完成時和過去時的區(qū)別在于：現在完成時強調動作的動態(tài)，或受動態(tài)的影響，是動態(tài)的結果，對現在有影響；過去時只表示過去的某個具體時間里發(fā)生的動作，與現在沒有聯(lián)系。例：He worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他曾經在那家醫(yī)院工作了8年。這只是講述一個過去的事實，他現在已經不在那家醫(yī)院了。）He has worked in tha

11、t hospital for 8 years.（他已經在那家醫(yī)院里工作了8年。表示他從過去開始工作，一直工作到現在，現在仍在那家醫(yī)院工作。）B) 因為含有for加一段時間或since加一個時間點這樣的時間狀語的完成時，有動態(tài)和延續(xù)性的特點，所以不能使用終端動詞或瞬間動詞。例：My sister has been married for 5 years.（過去分詞做表語表示狀態(tài)，可以延續(xù)）My sister has married. Don't disturb her.（終端動詞）C) 在"this is the first/ second/ third time that&q

12、uot;句型里要求用完成時。例：This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.（這是我公司產品第二次參加國際展覽會。）D) 句型"It is/ has beensince"所使用的兩種時態(tài)都正確。例：It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.（從我上次見到他以來已經10年了。）E) 在"no sooner than"、"hardly/

13、 scarcely when"、"before"、"prior to"等句型中，主句要求完成時。例：I haven't met that professor prior to today.（以前我從未見過那位教授。）4. 現在完成進行時(have been doing)用法：表示某一動作開始于過去某一時間，延續(xù)或重復地出現至今，或將繼續(xù)延續(xù)至將來。例：We have been working on this project for over a month now.（到目前為止，我們一直在處理那個項目，已經花了一個多月時間了。）注意事項

14、：與現在完成時相比，現在完成進行時更強調：在從過去到現在的時間里，動作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)或一直反復出現。例：1997年6月四級第45題It seems oil _ from this pipe for some time. We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.A) had leaked B) is leaking C) leaked D) has been leaking從本題上下文看，這兩個句子的意思是：“看來，這個管道漏油已有一段時間了，我們將不得不拆卸機器排除故障?！钡诙浔硎緦⒁扇〉拇胧?。第一句動作發(fā)生在第二句

15、之前，并且延續(xù)到現在為止仍在繼續(xù)。因此，空格中需用現在完成時或現在完成進行時。D) has been leaking是現在完成進行時，因此是本題的答案。有11%的考生誤選了B) is leaking。由于本句有時間狀語for some time，表示謂語動作延續(xù)，謂語不能用現在進行時，必須用和完成時有關的時態(tài)。有些考生誤選了C) leaked或A) had leaked。是因為他們沒有注意到本題第二句是一般將來時，所以第一句的謂語不能用過去時或過去完成時。5. 一般過去時用法：A) 表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或情況。B) 表示過去習慣性動作。特別是由would/ used to do表達的句型

16、，本身表示的 就是過去時。例：The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.（老人過去常常坐在寧靜的公園里的一條長椅上，看著其他的人，一坐就是數個小時，什么也不干，也不和任何人交談。）He used to visit his mother once a week.（他以前總是每周看望一次他的母親。）C) 有時可代替一般現在時，表達一種婉轉、客氣、禮貌、商量的語氣。例：I wanted to a

17、sk you if I could borrow your car?（我想向您借車用一用，可以嗎？）Would you mind my sitting here?（您介意我坐在這里嗎？）注意事項：A) 注意時間狀語的搭配。一般過去時的時間狀語應該是表示過去某個時間的詞或詞組，如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等，絕對不可與recently, in the past 10 years, this month等連用，因為這樣的時間狀語都與現在有關系，應該用現在完成時或一般現在時。B) used to do的否定形式和疑問形式很特別：你怎么寫

18、都正確。以否定形式為例：used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都對。Used to do經常與 be used to doing sth/ sth結構進行對比。前者表示"過去常?；蜻^去曾經"，要求加動詞原形；后者表示"習慣于"，要求加名詞或動名詞。6. 過去完成時(had done)用法：表示在過去的某個時間或動作以前已經發(fā)生的動作或已經存在的狀態(tài)。就是我們常說的：表示"過去的過去的動作或狀態(tài)"。Until then, his family _ from

19、him for six months.A) didn't hear C) hasn't heard B) hasn't been hearing D) hadn't heard全句的意思是：“到那時為止，他家里已經有六個月沒得到他的消息了?！庇纱丝梢钥闯觯^語動詞的動作延續(xù)到過去的某一時刻才完成，因此謂語要用過去完成時。答案是D)。其它選項中：A) didn't hear，因為一般過去時只表示過去發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài)，所以不能與時間狀語for six months連用。B) hasn't been hearing，現在完成進行時表示過去某時刻繼

20、續(xù)到現在或現在還在進行的動作，與題意不符。C) hasn't heard，現在完成時表示從過去某一時刻到現在為止發(fā)生的動作。而題中的then只表示過去的某一時刻，不能表示現在時間。注意事項：“過去的過去”這種邏輯關系常通過上下文體現出來，而不一定受某個時間狀語的限制。例：There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.（剛才有人在我們的房間里，因為我們打開前門進來時，我注意到

21、地板上有一支仍在燃燒的香煙。）分析：雖然時間狀語是just now，似乎應該使用一般過去時，但是“在房間里”這個狀態(tài)是在"開門"和"注意"這兩個過去的動作之前就存在的，所以應該用過去完成時。7. 過去將來時(would/ should do)用法：表示從過去的某個時間看將要發(fā)生的事。例：I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.（我星期四說我將于第二天拜訪我的朋友。）注意事項：由于過去將來時是由過去時和將來時組合而成的，所以其注意事項可以參考過去時和將來時的相關注意事項。8. 過去進行時

22、(was/ were doing)用法：A) 表示在過去一個比較具體的時間正在發(fā)生的動作。例：Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.（10分鐘前，瑪麗正在聽輕音樂。）B) 如果when, while這樣的時間狀語引導詞所引導的主從句之一是一般過去時，則另一個句子常用過去進行時。例：I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.（你敲前門時我正在洗頭發(fā)。）注意事項：其它與將來時有關的事項請參見下面所講的一般將來時。9. 一般將來時用法：A) 基本結構是will / sh

23、all do。例：We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.（我們將送給她一個玻璃的手工制品，作為給她的生日禮物。）B) 有些動詞，如：arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等，用于一般進行時，并且通常與一個表示將來時間的時間狀語連用，可以表示將來時。例：My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying her

24、e until May.（我媽媽下周將來看我，并會呆到5月。）C) 表示“打算去，要”時，可用be going to do。例：This is just what I am going to say.（這正是我想說的。）D) 表示“即將、正要”時，可用be about to do。強調近期內或馬上要做的事。例：Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.（別擔心，我馬上就給你做一次仔細的檢查。）E) "be to do"的5種用法：a) 表示“按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生某事或打算做某事”。例：She

25、 is to be seen in the lab on Monday.（星期一你準會在實驗室見到她。）b) 該做或不該做的事情（語氣上接近于should, must, ought to, have to），表示一種命令、規(guī)勸性語氣。例：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.（孩子們，你們必須 上床睡覺，不準吵鬧。我們的客人5分鐘之內就要到了。）c) 能或不能發(fā)生的事情（接近can, may）例：How am I to pay such a debt?（

26、我怎么可能還得起這么大的一筆債呢？）d) 不可避免將要發(fā)生的事情，后來將要發(fā)生的事情。例：I assure you that the matter _ as quickly as possible. Have a little patience.A. will be attended B. will be attended toC. is attended D. is attended towill be attended to關鍵的一點是：attend表示“處理，解決”時是不及物動詞，必須與to連用。另外，從上下文看，事情顯然尚未解決，所以應該用將來時的被動語態(tài)。答案是B。e) 用于條件從句

27、“如果想，設想”（接近if want to,或if should）例：Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage _ avoided.A) is to be B) can be C) will be D) has been答案是A) is to be。全句的意思是：“如果要避免食品短缺，就必須作出更大努力來增加農業(yè)產量?！盕) 同樣可以表示“正要、將要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。例：The coach is on the point of

28、 giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.（教練想要放棄這場比賽了，因為對方已經射進了7個球。）例：1999年6月四級第65題I was _ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.A) in B) to C) at D) on答案是D)。on the point of doing 是固定詞組，意思是“正要、打算”。全句的意思是：“當他的信到的時候我正要打電話給他?！弊⒁馐马棧涸谝詉f, when, as long as, as soon as,

29、after, before, in case, until, unless等連詞以及具有連詞作用的副詞（immediately, the moment, directly）等引導的狀語從句，一般用現在時代替將來時。強調延續(xù)性或動態(tài)時，可用完成時。例：I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.（我希望到明年你回來的時候，他的身體已經好多了。）10. 將來進行時(will be doing) 用法：強調在將來的某個具體時間正在發(fā)生的動作或事情。例：Don't worry, you won

30、't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.（別擔心，你不會認不出她的。她到時會穿一件紅色的T恤衫和一條白色的短裙。）注意事項：由于本時態(tài)是由將來時和進行時融合在一起的，所以關于本時態(tài)的注意事項，可參考"一般將來時"和"現在進行時"的有關注意事項。11. 將來完成時(will have done)用法：表示從將來的某一時間開始、延續(xù)到另一個將來時間的動作或狀態(tài)，或是發(fā)生在某個將來時間，但對其后的另一個將來時間有影響的動作或狀態(tài)。就好象把

31、現在完成時平移到時間軸的將來時時段一樣。其用法從和過去及現在有關，變成了和將來及將來的將來有關。例：1997年1月四級第22題The conference _ a full week by the time it ends.A) must have lasted B) will have lasted C) would last D) has lasted本題考核謂語動詞的時態(tài)。全句的意思是：“會議從開始到結束將持續(xù)整整一個星期?！本渲衎y the time it ends表示動作要延續(xù)到將來某一時刻，因此要用將來完成時。答案是B) will have lasted。如果選A)，因為情態(tài)動詞m

32、ust后面接動詞不定式的完成時形式表示對已經發(fā)生的事情的一種肯定推測，而本句的時間狀語是by the time it ends而非by the time it ended，所以犯了時態(tài)不呼應的錯誤。Would雖可以表示推測或可能性，但would last不能表示延續(xù)到將來某一時刻的動作，所以C) would last錯誤。因為D) has lasted是現在完成時，表示到現在為止已經完成的動作，不能表示延續(xù)到將來某一時刻的動作，所以也不正確。注意事項：由于本時態(tài)是由將來時和完成時融合在一起的，所以關于本時態(tài)的注意事項，可以參考“一般將來時”和“現在完成時”的有關注意事項。12 將來完成進行時：

33、shall have been doing ，will have been doing例：By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years. （到下個月底為止，這項工程就已經不停地進行了3年了。）（被動語態(tài)）13 過去完成進行時：had been doing例：The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came

34、 back home.（我回到家之前，我10歲大的兒子已經把這個舊鐘表拆卸并重新組裝了好幾回了。）（此處強調“拆卸”和“組裝”這兩個過去的過去的動作一直在反復進行。）（被動語態(tài)）14 過去將來進行時：should be doing , would be doing 例：The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.（政府承諾說第二年7月將有一條新的高速公路正在修建。）（此句的時間狀語是具體的將來時間，所以最好用將來進行時。）（此句為被動語態(tài)）15 過去將來完成時：should have don

35、e , would have done例：I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.（我堅信到那年年底為止，那個軟件的新版本將被開發(fā)出來。但是我錯了。）（此句為被動語態(tài)）16 過去將來完成進行時：should have been doing , would have been doing例：They said that by the end of the following month, the projec

36、t would have been being worked for 3 years. （他們說到第二個月底為止，這項工程就已經不停地進行了3年了。） 初中英語時態(tài)練習100題1.I will tell him as soon as he _ backA. come B. comes C. will come D. came2. Mary _ on shoes when she _ them.A. triesbuys B. tries buies C. trys buys D. trys buies3. The girl often _ cold when she _.A. cathcsdan

37、ces B. catches dances C. catchsdancees D. catches dancee4. _ he _ himself there? No, I don't think so. A. Doenjoy B. Does enjoies C. Does enjoys D. Doesenjoy5. _ your teacher _ from them very often? Certainly.A. Dohear B. Doeshear C. Do receive D. receive6. _ your mother _ some cleaning on Sunda

38、ys?A. Doesdoes B. Dodoes C. Doesdo D. Do do7. _ Tom _to work hard to help his family ? Yes, he _.A. Has xdoes B. Hasxdoes C. Doeshashas D. Does havedoes8. Which teacher _ lessons to you every day ?A. does gives B. does give C. do give D. gives 9. Smith does not go fishing on weekdays, _? _ , he does

39、.A. does heNo B. does heYes C. doesn't heNo D. doesn't heYes10.Mr Black often _ fishing on Sundays, _ he ?A. goesdoesn't B. goesisn't C. doesn't godoes D. doesn't gois11.He usually _ TV on Sunday evening.A. watch B. watches C. watching D. is watching12. We'll go to play w

40、ith snow if it _ tomorrow.A. snow B. snows C. will snow D. snowed13. Neither I nor he _ French. A. speak B. doesn't speak C. speaks D. doesn't speak14. Nobody _ how to run this machines.A . know B. have known C. knows D. is knowing15. The Young Pioneer _ water for the old man every day.A. ca

41、rry B. bring C. takes D. carries16. Some are _ in the river and some are _ games.A. swimming playing B. swimmingplaiingC. swimming I playing D. swimmingplaing17. Look ! The boy students are _ football while the girls are _ .A. playing dance B. playing dancingC. play dancing D. play dance18. He _ to

42、do his lessons at eight every evening.A. is beginning B. is beginning C. begin D. begins 19. _ he _ on well with his friends this term ?A. Doesgets B. Doesget C. Isgetting D. Isgeting20. Mr Smith _ short stories, but he _ a TV play these days.A. is writingis writing B. is writing writesC. writes is

43、writing D. writes writes 21. I _ to the cinema. I _ there every Sunday.A. gogo B. am going go C. go am going D. am goingam going22. Look, they_ a good time, _ they ?A. havedo B. havedon't C. are havingare D. are having aren't23. You _ about the future now, _ you ?A. don't thinkdon't

44、B. aren't thinking aren'tC. don't think do D. aren't thinking are24. She always _ something whenever she _.A .studiedplayed B. studiedplaied C. studiedplaied D. studied played 25. He often _ late in the forest. It _ me very much.,A. stayedworried B. staied worriedC. stayedworryed D.

45、staied worried26. I _that the boy _ with no tears in his eyes.A. noticed cryed B. noticed criedC. noticedcried D. noticed cryed27. We _the floor and _ all the windows.A. mopped cleanned B. moped cleanedC. moppedcleaned D. moped cleaned28. When I _ the Children's Palace, the children _ with joy.A

46、. visited jumpped B. visited jumped C. visited jumped D. visited jumpped 29. _ a sports meet last Sunday ? Yes , they _.A. Did they have did B. Did they have had C. Had they had D. Had they did 30. _ you _out for a walk after supper ? Yes, I _.A. Didwentwent B. Did go went C. Did went did D. Did go

47、did31. _ Jack _ on with his work or _ to have a rest? A. Did went stopped B. Did go stopC. Did went stop D. Did go stopped32. You gave them a talk two days ago, _you ? Yes, I _.A. did did B. did gave C. didn't did D. didn't gave 33. _ your brother _ a letter to ? My father.A. Who wrote B. Wh

48、atwrote C. Who didwrite D. What did write34. They _ about the TV news then in the sitting-room. They often _ such talksA. talkedhad B. talkhave C. were talkinghad D. are talkinghave35. He _ some cooking at that time, so _ me.A. did heard B. did didn't hearC. was doing heard D. was doing didn'

49、;t hear36. " _ you angry then?" "They_ too much noise.”A. Arewere making B. Werewere makingC. Aremade D. Were made37. This time yesterday Jack _ his, bike. He _ TV.A. repaired didn't watch B. was repairing watched C. repaired watched D. was repairing wasn't watching 38. We _ f

50、or Tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us _.A. were waiting waiting B. were waiting wait C. waited waiting D. waited wait 39. When you _ at the door, I _ some washing.A. knocked did B. was knocking did C. knocked was doing D. knock am doing 40. The boy_ English on the radio when I _ his door.A. le

51、arned was opening B. was learning openedC. learned opened D. is learning open 41. When they_ through the forest, a bear _ at them.A. walked was coming B. were walking cameC. were talking comes D. walk is coming42. A young man _ her while she _ her work .A. watched was finishing B. was watching

52、finished C. watched finished D. was watching was finishing43. While mother _ some washing, I _ a kite for Kack.A. did made B. was doing madeC. was doing was making D. did was making44. I _ myself French from 7 to 9 yesterday morning. I _ to work.A. was teaching didn't go B. taught didn't goC

53、. was teaching went D. taught went45. He _ a model plane when I came to see him.A. makes B. is making C. was making D. made46. I _ a letter at nine last night.A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. is writing47. The teacher_ (give) us a history lesson when Tom walked into the classroom.A. gave B.

54、is giving C. was given D. was giving48. There will be a football match in two days, that is _.A. last Sunday B. next SundayC. every Sunday D. this Sunday49. We _ class meeting this November.A. had B. have C. will have D. are having50. He _ in his garden every morning next year. A. will work B. works

55、 C. worked D. is working51. Be careful. The train _.A. will come B. C. comes D. is coming52. Look at those clouds. It _ soon, I'm afraid.A. is going to rain B. is raining C. will rain D. won't rain53. The radio says it _ the day after tomorrow.A. is going to snow B. is snowing C. will snow D. snows54. _ he _ some shopping tomorrow afternoon ?A. Willdoes B. is going to do C. isdoing D. Shall do