北京成人專升本英語(yǔ)三級(jí)真題100句精講電子版

1、 .第一組1. After spending a few minutes a crowded city street, the brain is less able to hold things in memory, and suffers from reduced self-control.(2011/11-78 翻譯）在一條擁擠的城市街道上待幾分鐘，大腦的記憶力就會(huì)下降，而且自制力也會(huì)減弱。分詞的獨(dú)立主格形式，主動(dòng)關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞，所以是spending；并非特指某條街道，所以用不定冠詞a；與suffer搭配的介詞from。2. I don't think a warm winter

2、 always has a negative influence on our life, dose it?(2010/11-46挑錯(cuò)）我認(rèn)為暖冬并不對(duì)我們的生活總是負(fù)面影響，不是嗎？think，believe和purpose等詞的賓語(yǔ)從句，其反義疑問(wèn)句與從句的主謂一致；對(duì)有影響，have influence on sth；主句否定意義要轉(zhuǎn)移到從句中。3. Waiting in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized that he had left the wallet in the car. （2010/11-49

3、 挑錯(cuò)）排了半小時(shí)的隊(duì)，這位老人忽然意識(shí)到他的錢(qián)包落在車上了。分詞的獨(dú)立主格形式，主動(dòng)關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞Waiting；動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式realized之前的動(dòng)作，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)had left。4. Equipped with modem facilities, today's hospitals are quite different from what of the past.(2010/11-51挑錯(cuò))現(xiàn)在的醫(yī)院裝備有現(xiàn)代化設(shè)備,和從前的大不相同.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的獨(dú)立主格形式,被動(dòng)關(guān)系用過(guò)去分詞equipped;what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句.5. What is known to us all i

4、s that the 2012 Olympic Games will be held in London.(2010/5-21詞匯語(yǔ)法)眾所周知的是，2012年奧運(yùn)會(huì)將在倫敦舉辦。主語(yǔ)從句What is known to us all ,注意和as is known to us all的區(qū)別；that 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句；將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) will be done。6. How and why this language has survived for more than a thousand years ,while being spoken by very few ,is hard to e

5、xplain .(2010/5-51挑錯(cuò)）這種被少數(shù)人使用的語(yǔ)言是如何和為何延續(xù)了一千多年是難以解釋的。主謂一致，從句作主語(yǔ)用第三人稱單數(shù)，所以用is；被說(shuō)的語(yǔ)言，要用被動(dòng)形式，做插入成分，所以用being spoken。7. It is reported that the police will soon look into the case of the two missing children .(2009/11-24)據(jù)報(bào)道警察將很快調(diào)查那起兩個(gè)失蹤孩子的案件。It is reported that 句型；短語(yǔ) look into“調(diào)查”；現(xiàn)在分詞missing作形容詞。8. One

6、of the best ways for people to keep fit is to develop healthy eating habits .(2009/11-25詞匯語(yǔ)法）對(duì)人們來(lái)說(shuō)保持健康的最好的辦法之一就是養(yǎng)成健康的飲食習(xí)慣。主謂一致one of后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)；短語(yǔ)keep fit 保持健康、保持體形；養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣develop a habit，另外注意形容詞的辨析：healthy是“健康的”，而healthful是“有益健康的”。9. Over the past decades ,sea ice has been decreasing in the Arctic as

7、 a result of global warming .(2009/11-27詞匯語(yǔ)法)在過(guò)去的數(shù)十年間，北極的冰川由于全球變暖而逐漸減少?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的應(yīng)用；短語(yǔ)as a result of 由于，強(qiáng)調(diào)直接導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果。10. Most important ,never ,under any circumstances ,agree to a real-life meeting with anyone you meet online,no matter how well you think you know this person .(2010/5-74/75 完形填空）最重要的，永遠(yuǎn)不

8、要和網(wǎng)上遇到的人真正見(jiàn)面，無(wú)論你認(rèn)為對(duì)這個(gè)人多么了解。under any circumstances 在任何情況下，under no circumstances 決不；省略連接詞的定語(yǔ)從句 you meet online ;no matter how 無(wú)論多么第二組1. Lewis had to travel by bus as his car had been damaged in an accident some days before and he failed to get it repaired.(2005/4-49挑錯(cuò)）Lewis必須坐公交車旅行，因?yàn)樗能囋趲滋烨暗氖鹿手惺艿綋p壞

9、還沒(méi)有修好。had been damaged過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式；get it repaired 過(guò)去分詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，即get sth.done 格式；進(jìn)一步熟悉have to和fail to的形式。2. Many high achievers who love their careers feel that they are happiest when they are working hard.(2007/11-76翻譯)許多熱愛(ài)他們的事業(yè)并很有成就的人覺(jué)得他們努力工作時(shí)是最幸福的。who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句；that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句；when引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。3. His few persona

10、l belongings made it possible for him to move from place to place with ease.(2002/6-41詞匯語(yǔ)法）他極少量的個(gè)人財(cái)物使他有可能容易地到處遷移。few表示很少的、幾乎沒(méi)有，a few 是表示少量；形式賓語(yǔ)it 指代to move from place with ease;短語(yǔ)with ease“容易”，注意與at ease “自在”的區(qū)別。4. The length of time that the person whom you are speaking to looks at your eyes indica

11、tes the amount of interest he has in the things you are talking about.(2006/4-79翻譯）你正在談話的人看你的眼睛的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度意味著他對(duì)你正在談?wù)摰氖虑榈呐d趣程度。這是考生掌握從句結(jié)構(gòu)、提高快速破譯長(zhǎng)難句能力的一個(gè)超級(jí)句子：whom you are speaking to 是the person 的定語(yǔ)從句，有代詞who 賓語(yǔ)形式whom 引導(dǎo)，因?yàn)樗傅氖悄阏谡勗挼娜?；that the person whom you are speaking to looks at your eyes 是time 的定語(yǔ)從句；you

12、 are talking about 是things的定語(yǔ)從句；所以這個(gè)句子的主干是The length of time indicates the amount of interest.5. We consider it necessary that the instrument be adjusted each time it is used.(2004/11-25詞匯語(yǔ)法）我們認(rèn)為每次使用儀器時(shí)進(jìn)行調(diào)試是必要的。掌握it 作形式賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)；虛擬語(yǔ)氣的被動(dòng)形式（should）be adjusted.6. It has become harder and harder for a t

13、eenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way.(2009/4-76翻譯）對(duì)青少年來(lái)說(shuō)，要抵制潮流走自己的路變得越來(lái)越難了。典型的it句式：It be for sb to do sth;短語(yǔ)stand up against 同stand up to “反對(duì)、抵制、勇敢地面對(duì)”，反義短語(yǔ)stand up for “支持”。7. By the 2050,experts believe that the problems to explore the food,minerals and ener

14、gy resources of the sea will have been largely solved.(2007/4-79翻譯）專家們認(rèn)為開(kāi)放海洋食品、礦物和能源問(wèn)題到2050年將基本解決。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)在漢語(yǔ)中的位置，如果譯成“到2050年專家們認(rèn)為”，顯然語(yǔ)義就發(fā)生變化；將來(lái)完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式will have been done.8. How many more decades will have pass before scientists in providing a cure for cancer ?(2009/4-40詞匯語(yǔ)法）還要多少年科學(xué)家們才能成功發(fā)明治療癌癥的辦法？體會(huì)時(shí)間

15、狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞before的用法；固定搭配succeed in doing sth.“成功做某事”。9. Did anyone inform you of the change of the schedule that had been made yesterday?(2007/4-50挑錯(cuò)）有人通知你昨天的日程表的變化嗎？動(dòng)詞inform與介詞of的搭配：inform sb of sth.通知某人某事；過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式had been done.10. It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet that i

16、t is necessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins.(2009/4-79翻譯）只有在以嚴(yán)格的飲食為生的時(shí)候補(bǔ)充流失的維生素才是必要的。熟悉強(qiáng)調(diào)句It is that格式；掌握try to do sth“試著做某事”和live on “以為主食、以為生"這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)；體會(huì)it作形式主語(yǔ)的句子格式。第三組1. If people praise them or thank them in an especially polite way ,they may become uncomfortable a

17、nd not know what to say in reply.(2006/11-77翻譯）如果人們用特別禮貌的方式表?yè)P(yáng)或感謝他們，他們會(huì)變得不自在而且不知道如何回答。以某種方式介詞用in；and前后格式一致，become和know都是跟may搭配，所以后者否定形式直接用not know；what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作賓語(yǔ)。2. It wasn't until the twentieth century that women's umbrellas began to be made in a variety of colors .(2006/11-80翻譯)直到二十世紀(jì)女性用傘才

18、開(kāi)始被制造成五顏六色。強(qiáng)調(diào)句式It be that；注意begin to be done 的被動(dòng)形式；掌握variety“多種多樣”這個(gè)在英語(yǔ)中非常重要也是在三級(jí)考試中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的詞匯，動(dòng)詞vary，形容詞various，都是高頻詞匯。3. It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet that it is necessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins.(2009/4-79翻譯）只是當(dāng)人們嘗試以嚴(yán)格限制的飲食為生時(shí)，才有必要補(bǔ)充流失的

19、維生素。強(qiáng)調(diào)句，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分when people try to live on a very restricted diet;it作形式主語(yǔ)句型it is necessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins.4. I don't think it advisable that Tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience.既然Tom沒(méi)有任何經(jīng)驗(yàn)，我認(rèn)為任命他做這項(xiàng)工作是不明智的。advise后接虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用原形，被動(dòng)形式（should）be d

20、one；it作形式賓語(yǔ)的格式。5. He is a true friend of mine,whom I can always depend on whenever I get into trouble.他是我的一個(gè)真正的朋友，無(wú)論什么時(shí)候我遇到麻煩都可以依賴他。了解非限定性定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞whom的用法；depend on 固定搭配。6. Suddenly,a tall man driving a golden carriage seized the girl and took her away,disappearing in to the woods.突然，一個(gè)駕著一輛金色馬車的高個(gè)男人抓住

21、了那個(gè)女孩并把她帶走了，消失在森林中?，F(xiàn)在分詞driving引導(dǎo)的分詞定語(yǔ)；現(xiàn)在分詞disappearing表示伴隨動(dòng)作；and 前后一致，一般過(guò)去式都使用的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式。7. Much unfriendly feeling towards computers has been based on the fear of widespread unemployment resulting from their introduction.許多對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)不友好的感覺(jué)源于對(duì)引進(jìn)計(jì)算機(jī)而導(dǎo)致的失業(yè)率蔓延的恐懼。不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)；resulting分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)。8. Many you

22、ng people find it harder to appreciate classical music than pop music.許多年輕人發(fā)現(xiàn)欣賞古典音樂(lè)比流行音樂(lè)更困難。形式賓語(yǔ)it句式；單詞classical古典的。9. Once given a set of instructions,a computer can gather a wide range of information for different purposes.一旦給出一系列指令，一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)就能為不同的目的收集廣泛的信息。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的獨(dú)立主格形式，計(jì)算機(jī)是得到指令，被動(dòng)關(guān)系用過(guò)去分詞given；短語(yǔ)a set

23、 of 一系列，單詞range范圍，排列。10.No matter how busy you are,you should spend some time visiting your parents .無(wú)論多忙，你都應(yīng)該抽時(shí)間看看父母。掌握No matter how busy you are 形式；花時(shí)間做某事spend time (in) doing sth.第四組1. Even though a government realizes the importance of a plentiful supply of trees,it is difficult for it to persua

24、de villagers to see this.即使一個(gè)政府認(rèn)識(shí)到大量種樹(shù)的重要性，它也很難勸說(shuō)村民們認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)。Even though 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；it 作形式主語(yǔ)的句式it is a. for sb. to do sth.對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事怎么樣；see在這里是理解、明白。2. Only by practice will you be able to improve your spoken English and gradually speak fluently.只有通過(guò)練習(xí)你才能提高你的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)水平并逐步說(shuō)得流利。only 位于句首要倒裝；spoken English 英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)，

25、固定搭配。3. We are full of deep thoughts and strong emotions,yet our vocabularies are not enough for this expression,and many make little effort to expand that.我們充滿了深刻的思想和強(qiáng)烈的情感，但我們的詞匯量不足以表達(dá)，而且許多人幾乎沒(méi)有努力來(lái)擴(kuò)展它。makeeffort作出什么樣的努力，make an effort作出努力；little 單獨(dú)使用表示幾乎沒(méi)有。4. In no case should we prevent the studen

26、ts from exploring new ideas.在任何情況下我們都不應(yīng)該阻止學(xué)生們探索新思想。in no case 決不，位于句首時(shí)句子倒裝；prevent（stop) sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事。5. Even though Westerners do not usually ask people directly how old they are,this does not mean that they are not interested to know how old other people are.盡管西方人通常不會(huì)直接問(wèn)人們的年齡，但這并不意味著

27、他們對(duì)此不感興趣。Even though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，兩個(gè)how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。6. Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others,which,of course,made the others jealous.Helen對(duì)她最小的孩子比她對(duì)其他孩子更好，這自然使其他孩子妒忌。指代前面整個(gè)一句話，用which，引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句；比較前后的比較物要一致，所以than后用了she was to the others而不是按照漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣用the others。7.Havi

28、ng no money but not wanting anyone to know,he simply said he would go without dinner.沒(méi)有錢(qián)但不想讓人知道，他就只是說(shuō)他不吃晚飯要出去了。分詞獨(dú)立主格形式，表原因，否定形式是分詞前加not。8. How parents talk to their children makes a big difference in the children's language development.父母如何和孩子談話對(duì)孩子語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展有很大的差異。How parents talk to their children

29、名詞性從句做主語(yǔ)；從句或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。9. It's vital that enough money be collected to get the project started.籌集足夠的錢(qián)對(duì)啟動(dòng)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目至關(guān)重要。vital至關(guān)重要的，后接從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣；get the project started過(guò)去分詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)get sth. done.10. It being pretty late,we decided to leave at once,as we didn't want to risk missing the bus.已經(jīng)很晚了，我們決定立

30、即出發(fā)，因?yàn)槲覀儾幌脲e(cuò)過(guò)公交車。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作原因狀語(yǔ)；risk冒的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，后接動(dòng)名詞。第五組1. Thinking that you know what in fact you don't is not a good idea.認(rèn)為你懂得了實(shí)際你不懂的事情不是好想法。what in fact you don't 中的in fact 是插入語(yǔ)，what you don't 實(shí)際上省略了一個(gè)know，“實(shí)際上你不知道的東西”，這個(gè)名詞性從句作它前面的know的賓語(yǔ)；you know what in fact you don't 又是Thinking的賓語(yǔ)從句；Thin

31、king that you know what in fact you don't作句子的主語(yǔ)。2. The main purpose of this greeting is to build up a good relationship between the people concerned,and each language usually has a number of set phrases which can be used for this purpose.打招呼的主要目的是增進(jìn)相關(guān)人們之間的友好關(guān)系，而每一種語(yǔ)言通常都有用于這種目的的一系列短語(yǔ)。which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

32、；concerned，形容詞，有關(guān)的，concerning，連詞，關(guān)于。3. Was it in 1969 that the American astronaut succeed in landing on the moon?就是在1969年美國(guó)宇航員成功登上了月球嗎？強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的疑問(wèn)句式；succeed in doing sth.成功做某事。4. We get so used to looking at the movements on it,so dependent on its pictures,that it begins to control our lives.我們?nèi)绱肆?xí)慣于觀看它（

33、電視）其中的活動(dòng)，如此依賴于它的畫(huà)面，以至于它開(kāi)始控制我們的生活。be/get/become used to doing sth.現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣做某事；so that 格式的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。5. Our school levers face so much competition that they seldom care what they do as long as they can earn a living.我們這些離校生面對(duì)如此激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)以至于他們只要能夠謀生就幾乎不考慮做什么。what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句；as long as 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句；so that 格式的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。6. How

34、ever,those who are accustomed to longer greetings may require a little more time before they feel comfortable with American simple talk.然而，那些習(xí)慣較長(zhǎng)的問(wèn)候的人可能需要一點(diǎn)時(shí)間來(lái)適應(yīng)美國(guó)人的簡(jiǎn)潔交談。who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，those who是非常常見(jiàn)的形式；before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；be accustomed to 習(xí)慣于、適應(yīng)于。7. Environments where passive smoking is unavoidable make it

35、 difficult to leed a healthy life.在被動(dòng)吸煙不能避免的環(huán)境中，過(guò)上健康生活很困難。關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句where passive smoking is unavoidable ;it作形式賓語(yǔ)的句型。8. Only much later did she discover that the question had no real meaning at all-it was merely a greeting.直到很久以后她才明白這種問(wèn)題沒(méi)有任何真正含義-它只是一種問(wèn)候。only位于句首句子要倒裝；that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句；no/not at all一

36、點(diǎn)也不。9. It is much more convenient at times to buy a quick takeaway rather than prepare a meal.有時(shí)候買(mǎi)份快餐比做一頓飯更方便。it作形式主語(yǔ)的句型，真正主語(yǔ)是to buy a quick takeaway rather than prepare a meal;rather than勝于，前后所比較的事物形式一致；短語(yǔ)at times 有時(shí)。10. Suddenly she saw an old woman by the side of the road,holding her hand out as

37、if she wanted a lift.突然她看到一個(gè)老年婦女站在路邊，舉著手似乎要搭便車。Holding現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨；在路邊用介詞by。第六組1. There are moments in life when you miss someone so much that you just want to pick them up from dreams and hug them for real.生活中有些時(shí)候你非常想念某人以至于就想在夢(mèng)中接上并實(shí)實(shí)在在地?fù)肀麄?。when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句；sothat格式的目的狀語(yǔ)從句；短語(yǔ)pick up 撿起、接（人）。2. While shopping

38、,people sometimes can't help being persuaded into buying something they don't really need.在購(gòu)物時(shí)人們時(shí)常忍不住被勸說(shuō)買(mǎi)一些他們實(shí)際上并不需要的東西。can't help doing sth.忍不住做某事，本句是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；they don't really need 作something的定語(yǔ)從句。3. The idea occurred to him in his dream and he decided to carry it out.他在夢(mèng)中想到一個(gè)主意然后決定實(shí)施這

39、個(gè)想法。occur to指“突然想到”，strike也有這個(gè)意思，不過(guò)strike是及物動(dòng)詞，后直接接賓語(yǔ)；carry out “實(shí)現(xiàn)、貫徹、執(zhí)行”，注意介詞和代詞的位置。4. He would have paid twice as much for the house if the salesgirl had insisted because he really wanted it.如果售樓小姐堅(jiān)持的話他就會(huì)為那所房子付兩倍的款，因?yàn)樗_實(shí)想要它。對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬，從句省略if將had前置；倍數(shù)表達(dá)法：倍數(shù)加as much/many as .5. He changed his name,th

40、inking that nobody would find out what he had done before.他改了名字，考慮到（這樣）沒(méi)有人能發(fā)現(xiàn)他以前的所作所為。thinking現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨；what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句做find out的賓語(yǔ)，注意從句時(shí)態(tài)是過(guò)去完成時(shí)；find out找出、查明。6. Employees who do not smoke should not be subjected to the risks of passive smoking and need to be able to work in a safe environment.不吸煙的員工不應(yīng)當(dāng)冒

41、被動(dòng)吸煙的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，他們需要能在一個(gè)安全的環(huán)境里工作。定語(yǔ)從句who do not smoke ；be subjected to遭受。7. Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill,which can help people forget bad memories.現(xiàn)在美國(guó)研究者認(rèn)為他們很快就發(fā)明出一種藥丸，能夠幫助人們忘記不愉快的記憶。be close to doing sth.接近于；which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。8. The fact came up that specific speech so

42、unds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.事實(shí)表明六個(gè)月大的嬰兒就能辨認(rèn)出特定的聲音。that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句；短語(yǔ)come up（被）提出，開(kāi)始；單詞recognize辨認(rèn)出、認(rèn)同。9. These wild flowers are so special that I would do whatever I can to save them.這些野花是如此特別以至于我愿做任何我能做的事情來(lái)挽救他們。sothat格式的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句；whatever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作do的賓語(yǔ)。10. Email as well as mobi

43、le telephones is becoming more and more popular in daily communication.電子郵件和移動(dòng)電話一樣正在日常交流中越來(lái)越普及。主謂一致，單數(shù)主語(yǔ)后有as well as連接其他事物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用第三人稱單數(shù)。第七組1. It was hard for him to learn English in a family,in which neither of the parents spoke the language.對(duì)父母都不能說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的家庭的人來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)英語(yǔ)是很難的。it作形式主語(yǔ)的句型；in which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句；nei

44、ther指兩者都不。2. There is no basis for arguing that private schools are bound to be better than public schools.認(rèn)為私立學(xué)校一定好于公立學(xué)校的觀點(diǎn)是毫無(wú)根據(jù)的。There be 句型；that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句；短語(yǔ)be bound to注定、一定。3. Hearing the gunshot,all the birds flew in every direction.聽(tīng)到槍聲，鳥(niǎo)兒們四散飛去。非謂語(yǔ)東西的獨(dú)立主格形式，主動(dòng)關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞hearing；朝著什么方向用介詞in。4. There a

45、re lots of words words which the Americans use differently in meaning from us British.美國(guó)人和我們英國(guó)人所使用的許多詞匯意義不同。再比如2004年11月第48題挑錯(cuò)：Between you and I,we have had an eye on him for some time,and he might be a runaway.就是將I改為me。5. Where did the accident in which your friend was hurt take place?你朋友受傷的那次事故是在哪兒

46、發(fā)生的？in which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句in which your friend was hurt;take place發(fā)生，一般過(guò)去時(shí)的疑問(wèn)句用did，動(dòng)詞還原為原形。6. Nearly three quarters of the surface of the earth is covered with water,and there would be even less land if the polar icecaps were melt.接近四分之三的地球表面被水覆蓋，如果極地冰川融化陸地就更少了。不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，盡管是3/4，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)；極地冰川融化使用的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣及被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，

47、所以用were melt。7. Finding answers to these questions is something like a detective story.找這些問(wèn)題的答案有時(shí)就像一個(gè)偵探故事。動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；answer和key后接介詞to。8. The course would have been offered this term,but it was cancelled because too few students had registered before registration closed.本學(xué)期將開(kāi)設(shè)這門(mén)課，但由于注冊(cè)結(jié)束前報(bào)名的學(xué)生太少被

48、取消了。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)兩處would have been offered和was cancelled ；would have been offered是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬would have done的被動(dòng)形式；too few students had registered的時(shí)態(tài)是過(guò)去完成時(shí)，因?yàn)槭前l(fā)生在closed之前的動(dòng)作。9. In the early grades especially,experts say,youngsters should be encouraged to work in groups rather than individually so that teachers c

49、an spot children who may be having problems making friends.專家指出，應(yīng)當(dāng)鼓勵(lì)低年級(jí)特別是青少年分組而不是單獨(dú)學(xué)習(xí)，以使老師們能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)交友有困難的孩子。so that 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句；who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句；have problems （in）doing sth.做某事有困難。10. Even though Sedat had been studying English for three years before he came to the United States,it is still difficult for him t

50、o express himself.盡管Sedat去美國(guó)前已經(jīng)學(xué)了三年英語(yǔ)，但他還是表達(dá)有困難。過(guò)去完成時(shí)had been studying ；even though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；it作形式主語(yǔ)句式。第八組1. Polite manners in China demand that a person stand up when anyone enters a room or when anyone hands him something.中國(guó)的禮節(jié)要求當(dāng)他人進(jìn)入房間或遞過(guò)來(lái)東西時(shí)，一個(gè)人應(yīng)該站起來(lái)。demand后接賓語(yǔ)從句，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should）加動(dòng)

51、詞原形；anyone后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)，注意or前后形式是一致的。2. Children do not have enough experience to realize that TV shows present an unreal world;that TV advertisements lie to sell products that are sometimes bad or useless.孩子們沒(méi)有足夠的經(jīng)驗(yàn)認(rèn)識(shí)到，電視節(jié)目呈現(xiàn)的并非真實(shí)世界，而且電視廣告為了賣(mài)出不好的和沒(méi)用的產(chǎn)品有時(shí)也說(shuō)謊。that引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句；不定式to sell products表示目的，tha

52、t are sometimes bad or useless是products的定語(yǔ)從句。3. If the wounded soldier had been given first aid,he would not have died.如果這位受傷的戰(zhàn)士得到急救的話，他就不會(huì)犧牲了。對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬，從句if had done又是被動(dòng)形式；first aid急救，aid是指援助和資助等，help指各種幫助。4. After driving twenty miles,he suddenly realize that he had been driving in the wrong direct

53、ion.二十英里之后，他突然意識(shí)到他一直在朝著錯(cuò)誤的方向開(kāi)。分詞的獨(dú)立主格形式，駕駛動(dòng)作與主句主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞driving；過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)形式had been doing；朝著方向，用介詞in。5. Sorry,officer,I shouldn't have driven at 80 miles an hour but I didn't see any sign in the area telling me how fast people can drive.抱歉警官，我本不該開(kāi)到時(shí)速80英里，但我在這一地區(qū)沒(méi)有看到限速標(biāo)識(shí)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法shouldn't

54、 have done表示本不應(yīng)該做某事但已經(jīng)做了，肯定形式should have done表示應(yīng)該做某事但沒(méi)有做；telling me how fast people can drive是sign的分詞定語(yǔ)，how fast people can drive 是tell的賓語(yǔ)從句。6. We consider it necessary that the instrument be adjust each time it is used.我們認(rèn)為有必要每次使用儀器時(shí)進(jìn)行調(diào)試。 it作形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的從句；necessary后的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，被動(dòng)形式是（should) b

55、e done.7. Individual freedom does not in any sense mean that you can do whatever you like at your free-will.個(gè)人自由并不意味著你可以自由地做你想要做的任何事情。that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句；whatever引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句；in any sense在任何意義上，in a sense 在某種意義上，in no sense決不，make sense有意義。8. I would have told him the answer had it been possible,but I was so bus

56、y then.如果有可能我就告訴他答案了，但那時(shí)我很忙。對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬，從句省略if后had前置；but后并非虛擬的情況還原為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。9. Having heard so much about Mr.Smith,they were eager to meet and have a chat with him.他們已經(jīng)聽(tīng)說(shuō)了許多Smith先生的事情，非常渴望見(jiàn)到他聊一聊。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的獨(dú)立主格形式，主動(dòng)關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的先后順序，獨(dú)立主格用的完成時(shí)態(tài)；be eager to渴望做某事。10. When she came back from Hollywood,she wanted t

57、o tell everybody about all the stars and exciting people whom she had seen.當(dāng)她從好萊塢回來(lái)時(shí)，她想告訴每個(gè)人她見(jiàn)過(guò)的所有的令人激動(dòng)的明星們。whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句；注意從句時(shí)態(tài)是過(guò)去完成時(shí)；the stars and exciting people 共有一個(gè)定冠詞，指的是一類人。第九組1. The scientists say that those gestures ,movements and so on have meaning which words do not carry.科學(xué)家們聲稱，那些手勢(shì)、動(dòng)作等具有詞語(yǔ)所無(wú)法表達(dá)的含義。that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句；which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。2. In short,art expresses the essential qualities of a time and a