機械工程專業(yè)英語復習資料

1、AC=alternative current交流AGV=Automated Guided Vehicle自動導引小車AGVS= Automated Guided Vehicle System自動導引小車系統(tǒng)AMT=advanced manufacturing technology先進制造技術ANSI=American National Standards Institute美國國家標準協(xié)會APT=Automatically Programmed Tools自動數(shù)控程序BOM=Bill of Material物料清單CAA=Computer Aided Analysis Process計算機輔助

2、分析過程CAD=Computer-Aided Design計算機輔助設計CADD=Computer-Aided Design Drafting計算機輔助設計制圖CAE=computer aided engineering計算機輔助工程CAM=Computer-Aided Manufacturing計算機輔助制造CAIT=computer aided testing and inspection計算機輔助實驗與檢測CAPP=Computer Aided Process Planning計算機輔助工藝設計CHP=chemical Polishing 化學拋光CIM=Computer integra

3、ted manufacturing計算機集成制造CBN=Cubic Boron Nitride立方氮化硼CMM=Coordinate Measuring Machine三坐標測量機CNC=computer numerical control電腦數(shù)字控制DC=direct current直流DNC=Direct Numerical Control直接數(shù)字控制DOF=degrees of freedom自由度DXF=data exchange format數(shù)據(jù)交換格式ECM=Electrochemical Machining電解加工EBM=Electron beam machining電子束加工E

4、DM=Electrical Discharge Machining電火花加工EGM= enhanced graphics module增強型圖形模組FA=factory automation工廠自動化FDM=Fused Deposition Modelling熔融沉積成型FEA=Finite element analysis有限元分析FMC=flexible manufacturing component柔性制造單元FMS=Flexible Manufacturing System柔性制造系統(tǒng)Finite-element有限元Four-bar linkage四連桿機構GNC=graphical

5、 numerical control圖形數(shù)控GT=Grease Trap潤滑脂分離器HPM=hard-part machining硬態(tài)切削HSS=High-Speed-Steel高速鋼IGES=initial graphic exchange specification初始圖形交換規(guī)則ISO=International Standardization Organization國際標準組織IT=International Tolerance(grade)國際公差JIT=Just in Time準時生產LBM=Laser beam machining激光切削加工LED=light-emitting

6、 diode發(fā)光二級管LMC=least material condition最小實體狀態(tài)LOM=Laminated Object Manufacturing疊層實體制造技術MMC=maximum material condition最大實體狀態(tài)MATL=material材料MC=machining center加工中心NC=Numerical Control數(shù)字控制NMP=Nontraditional Manufacturing Processes特種加工技術PCB=printed circuit boards印刷電路板PLC=Programmable Logic Controller PL

7、C控制PKW=parallel kinematics machine并聯(lián)機床QTY=quantity required需求數(shù)量RGV=rail guided vehicle有軌自動導引小車RPM=Rapid Prototype Manufacturing快速成型技術SL= Stereo Lithography光固化成型SLA=Stereo Lithography Apparatus立體印刷技術/光固化立體造型SLS=Selective Laser Sintering選擇性激光燒結USM=Ultrasonic Machining超聲波加工VNC=voice numerical control聲音

8、控制WEDM=Wirecut Electrical Discharge Machining電火花線切割加工WJM/C=water-jet machining/cutting水射流切削3D PRINT 3D打印一、將下列單詞譯成漢語Mechanism（機械，機構，機構學） configuration（外形，構造，結構） displacement（位移）velocity（速度） acceleration（加速度） gear（齒輪）sprocket（鏈輪）pulley（帶輪）kinematician /dynamics（運動/動力學，力學）kinematician（運動）cam凸輪camshaft凸

9、輪軸accuracy精度dependability可靠性pulley滑輪flywheel飛輪crank曲柄sprocket鏈輪axle心軸spindle主軸clutche離合器brake制動shaper牛頭刨床planer龍門刨pulley皮帶輪flywheel飛輪spindle軸clutche離合器crank曲柄sprocket鏈輪axle車軸brake制動warpage配氣機構coolant冷卻劑二、將下列詞組譯成漢語kinematic chain（運動鏈）skeleton diagram（草圖，示意圖，簡圖）Gear system/Cam system（齒輪傳動系統(tǒng)/凸輪系統(tǒng)）unifo

10、rm motion/nonuniform motion（勻速運動/非勻速運動）nonlinear motion（非線性運動）kinematic analysis（運動分析）schematic diagram（運動簡圖）textile machinery（紡織機械）Kinematic design/ kinematic syntheses（運動設計/運動合成）machine design（機械設計）Gear trains/ Cam mechanisms（輪系，齒輪傳動鏈/凸輪機構）dynamic force/inertia force/ static force（動力/慣性力/靜力）relati

11、ve velocity/ absolute velocity（相對速度/絕對速度）angular acceleration/ tangential acceleration/ centripetal acceleration/ velocity vector（角加速度/切向加速度/向心加速度/速度矢量）binary link/ ternary link（二桿組/三桿組）the base circle（基圓）the pitch curve（嚙合曲線）the contact force（接觸力）the intermittent motion（間歇運動）the common normal（公法線）t

12、he conjugate profiles（共軛齒廓）the cycloidal profiles （擺線齒形）the involute profiles（漸開線齒形）the spur gear（直齒輪）the herringbone gears（雙螺旋齒輪）the face gear（端面齒輪）the radial distance（徑向距離）the addendum circle（齒頂圓）The tooth thickness（齒厚）the tooth space（齒間隙）the cap screws（螺釘）the setscrews（固定螺絲釘）the engineering graph

13、ics（工程力學）mechanical design（機械設計）the installation techniques（安裝技術）the bolted joint（螺栓連接）the hardened washers（強化墊圈）the fatigue resistance（抗疲勞強度）the modulus of elasticity（彈性模量）the antifriction bearing（減摩軸承）the rolling bearing（滾動軸承）the rolling contact （滾動接觸）the sliding contact（滑動觸電）the corrosion resista

14、nce（抗腐蝕性）the machining tolerances（加工公差）the fatigue loading（疲勞載荷）the radial loads（徑向負荷）the thrust loads逆負荷the ball bearing球軸承the roller bearing滾子軸承the single-row bearings單溝軸承the double-row bearing雙溝軸承the needle bearing滾針軸承the bearing life軸承壽命The rating life額定壽命the axis of rotation旋轉軸The helix angle螺旋

15、角a right-hand helix 右旋a left-hand helix左旋an involute helicoids螺旋面an involute curve漸開線the shaft centerlines軸中心線worm gear蝸輪the hypoid gear準雙曲面齒輪right angle直角worm gearing蝸桿傳動the lead angle導角shaft angle軸線角度bending load彎曲載荷tension load張力負荷compression load壓縮負載torsional load扭轉負荷the bending moment彎矩the bend

16、ing stress彎曲應力the shot peening噴丸法the actuating force工作力the coefficient of friction摩擦系數(shù)An electromagnetic coil電磁線圈the magnetic circuit磁路 the design specifications中國設計規(guī)范the industrial engineering工業(yè)工程the machining industry加工行業(yè)the machine shops機器商店machine tool機床angular displacements角位移The electric motor

17、電機transmission Linkage傳輸連接the cutting force切削力the static loads靜態(tài)負荷the dynamic loads動態(tài)載荷the grinding wheel砂輪lubricating oil潤滑油the cutting fluids切削液protective guards防護裝置the cutting tool刀具the range of feeds進給量engine lathes普通車床turret lathes六角車床the boring machine鏜床the drilling machines鉆床the milling machi

18、nes銑床the broaching machines絞孔機；拉床the sawing machines鋸床the cylindrical grinder外圓磨床the centreless grinders無心磨床the surface grinders平面磨床the chemical milling銑削the ultrasonic machining超聲波加工a tool holder刀架a compound rest復式刀架the feed screw絲桿the feed rod光桿The feed box進給箱power feed進給the full depth大切削深度thread

19、cutting螺紋切削a chasing dial螺紋指示盤the forward stroke沖程the return stroke回程the clapper box擺動刀架the hydraulic shaper液壓牛頭刨床the universal machines通用機械universal joints萬向節(jié)Tracer milling仿形銑the master pattern模型the acceleration of gravity重力加速度conducting material導電材料non-conducting material絕緣材料三、將下列短語譯成漢語1.Plane and

20、 spatial linkages（平面和空間連桿）2.constrained kinematic chain/unconstrained kinematic chain（約束運動鏈/非約束運動鏈）3.closed-loop linkage（閉環(huán)運動鏈）4.four-bar linkage（四連桿機構）5.slider-crank (or crank and slider) mechanism（曲柄滑塊機構）6.internal combustion engine（內燃機）7.the kinematic analysis of mechanisms（機構運動分析）8.degree of fre

21、edom of the mechanism（機構自由度）9.kinematic analysis process /kinematic synthesis process（運動分析步驟/運動合成步驟）10.input angular velocity（輸入角速度）11.input angular acceleration（輸入角加速度）12.automatic packaging machinery（自動包裝機）13.cam-contour dimensions/cam-follower diameters（凸輪輪廓尺寸/凸輪從動件直徑）14.mechanical analog compute

22、r（機構模擬計算機）15.dead-center position（死點位置）16.crank-rocker linkage/double-rocker linkage/double-crank (drag-link) linkage（曲柄搖桿機構/雙搖桿機構/雙曲柄機構）17.maximum force component/ resulting output force or torque（最大的力量組成/輸出的最大力或力矩）18.output motion variables/input motion variable（輸出運動變量/輸入運動變量）19.absolute angular p

23、ositions（絕對角位置）20.velocity polygon method（速度的多邊形的方法）21.instantaneous center method/instant center method（瞬心法/即時瞬心法）22.inertia-force analysis of mechanisms and machines（機構和機器的慣性力分析）23.one and the same coordinate system /inertia frame of reference（慣性參考系）24.systematic design of mechanisms（機械設計的系統(tǒng)）25.ca

24、m-contour dimensions/cam-follower diameters（凸輪輪廓尺寸/凸輪從動件直徑）26.disk or plate translating (two-dimensional or planar) 盤形傳動凸輪（兩維的，即平面的）27.cylindrical (three-dimensional or spatial) cams圓柱形凸輪（三維的，即空間的）機構28.a radial (in-line) translating roller follower一個對心直動滾子從動件29.a constant angular velocity ratio旋轉角速度

25、的比例30.a constant torque ratio一個恒轉矩比31.Nonlinear angular velocity ratios非線性角速度比率32.the parallel helical gear平行斜齒輪33.the crossed helical gear交叉斜齒輪34.the straight bevel gear直錐齒輪35.the spiral bevel gear弧齒錐齒輪36.the skew bevel gear大角度斜交錐齒輪37.the hexagon head screws六角頭螺釘38.the fillister head screws槽頭螺釘39.t

26、he flat head screws 平頭螺釘40.the hexagon socket head screws內六角沉頭螺釘。41.the external tensile load外部拉伸載荷42.the external shear load外部剪切負荷43.The single-row deep-groove bearing單列深溝軸承44.The angular-contact bearing角接觸軸承45.the self-aligning bearings自動調心軸承46.the straight roller bearings直滾子軸承47.the spherical-rol

27、ler thrust bearing球形輥止推軸承48.the tapered roller bearings圓錐滾子軸承49.the condition of statical equilibrium淺析條件下平衡50.the positive-contact clutches強制接觸離合器51.the overload-release clutches超載釋放保護離合器52.the overrunning clutches超越離合器53.the magnetic fluid clutches磁流變離合器54.the metal removal rate金屬去除率55.the univers

28、al thread-grinding machine通用螺紋磨床56.the straightness of machine tool slideways機床工具導軌的直線度57.The adhesive property of oil潤滑油的粘度58.the single-point cutting tools單點切削工具59.the multipoint cutting tools多點切削工具60.the random-point cutting tool任意點切削工具61.tracing and duplicating lathes仿形車床62.single-spindle automa

29、tic lathes單軸自動車床63.multi-spindle automatic lathes多軸自動車床64.the gear-cutting machine齒輪切削機床65.the special metal removal methods特種加工66.the electrical discharge machining電火花加工67.the operating mechanisms of the shaper牛頭刨床的操作機構68.the mechanically driven shaper機械傳動牛頭刨床69.the infinitely variable cutting spee

30、ds平滑調整切削速度70.the upright drilling machines立式鉆床71.the radial drilling machines搖臂鉆床72.the plain radial drilling machines平面搖臂鉆床73.the multispindle drilling machine多軸鉆床74.the telescoping splined shaft花鍵軸的伸縮75.an knee and column type of milling machine銑床的升降臺式76.Fixed-bed milling machines固定床銑床77.the harde

31、ned tool steel淬硬工具鋼78.a cylindrical grinding machine外圓磨床79.the new material-removal methods新型材料去除工藝1.(關于)這個問題的爭論已在科技界被連續(xù)關注五年了。 the debate has been attention for five years in the technology sector.2.所謂的流體指的是一切液體和氣體。The so-called fluid refers to all of the liquid and gas.3.落體9.8m/s2，加速度就是說該落體每一秒內都比前一

32、秒速度快9.8m/s。The Fall acceleration of 9.8m / S2 is that the fall faster 9.8m / s than the second before.4.所謂速度就是在一定方向上的運動速度。The so-called speed is the pace in a certain direction .5.所謂鋼就是鐵碳合金。The so-called steel is ironcarbon alloy.6.精神病學是關于研究和治療精神病的學科。Psychiatry is about the study and treatment of me

33、ntal illness.1.The engineer is a problem solver , using knowledge and ability to devise or improve the solution to technological problems .工程師是一個解決問題的運用知識和能力去制定或完善所要解決的技術問題的人。2.In short , the engineer transforms scientific and mathematical principles into systems ,processes ,and goods for industrial

34、 and personal use.總之，工程師將科學和數(shù)學原理轉變成系統(tǒng)，過程和產品，供工業(yè)和個人使用。3.Engineer generally work together , and often with those trained in other disciplines.一般 , 工程師一起工作，并經(jīng)常訓練其他學科。4.Perhaps the broadest of the engineering disciplines , mechanical engineering is concerned with the application of science and technolog

35、y in the solution of the countless problems facing our increasingly complex world.也許最廣泛的工程學科，機械工程方面的應用科學和技術在面對日益復雜的世界,解決了無數(shù)的問題。 5.The mechanical engineer is involved in energy-related projects such as the performance testing of new solar collector systems , the integration of solar heating and cooli

36、ng systems into new buildings.機械工程師參與了相關新的太陽能集熱器系統(tǒng)的性能測試，一體化太陽能加熱和冷卻系統(tǒng)的新建筑等的項目。6.The increasing demand for all forms of energy , while conventional supplies diminish , provides a tremendous challenge to creative mechanical engineers. 越來越多的各種形式的能源需求，而傳統(tǒng)的供給量的減少，給創(chuàng)造性的機械工程師提供了一個巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。7.To design is formu

37、late a plan for the satisfaction of a human need . 設計是制定方案以滿足人類的需要。8.In contrast to scientific or mathematical problem,design problems have no unique answers;it is absurd, for example, to request the "correct answer"to a design problem, because there is none. In fact,a"good"answe

38、r today may well turn out to be a "poor" answer tomorrow if there is a growth of knowledge during the period, or if there are other structural or societal changes. 與科學或數(shù)學問題對比，設計問題沒有唯一的答案；它是荒謬的，例如，要求設計問題的“正確答案”，因為那里沒有。事實上，今天一個“好”的答案明天很可能是一個“粗劣”的答案，如果有一個知識的增長過程，在此期間，或是否有其他結構或社會變化。9.No matter

39、 what words are used to describe the design function, in engineering it is still the process in which scientific principles and the tools of engineering mathematics, computers, graphics, and English-are used to produce a plan which, when carried out, will satisfy a human need. 無論什么是用來描述設計功能，在工程過程中仍然

40、是科學的原則和工程數(shù)學的工具，計算機，圖形，和english-are用于生產計劃，進行時，能滿足人類的需要。10.Mechanical design means the design of things and systems of a mechanical nature machines,products,structures, devices, and instruments. For the most part, mechanical design utilizes mathematics, the materials sciences, and the engineering-mech

41、anics sciences. 機械設計是指設計和系統(tǒng)的機械性質，產品，結構，設備，儀器。對于大多數(shù)的一部分，機械設計運用數(shù)學，材料科學，和工程力學科學。11.Because of these reasons and also because of the trend of integrating the activities in a manufacturing corporation, the modern design procedure involves considering the method of manufacturing during the design phase. 由

42、于這些原因，也因為一體化的趨勢的活動在制造公司，現(xiàn)代設計過程涉及考慮的制造方法在設計階段。12.（1）Engineers have to have a strong mathematics and science background because they have to be able to meet the many challenges of system design.因為科學家要能有效地應對系統(tǒng)設計的許多挑戰(zhàn)，他們就應該具備扎實的數(shù)學與自然科學基礎。（2）The word design means developing a physical system that perform

43、s a require function. “設計”這個詞意味著研制一個能完成所需功能的實際系統(tǒng)。13.They must also be able to write equations describing physical systems and use these equations to mathematically predict the performance of these systems. 他們需要能寫出描述實際系統(tǒng)的功能，并應用方程預測系統(tǒng)的性能。14.To summarize, engineering is the application of scientific pr

44、inciples to meet human needs. The language of engineering is mathematics. 總之，工程學就是用科學原理來滿足人們需要的科學，數(shù)學是工程學的語言。15.Furthermore, they must fully understand the important methods that have been developed to apply scientific principles to solve problems. 此外，他們必須對現(xiàn)有的選擇用科學原理解決問題的的重要方法了如指掌。16.（1）Some of these

45、 properties are the relationship between stress and strain, elasticity, strength, ductility malleability, hardness, brittleness, creep, and toughness.它們的性能體現(xiàn)在應力和應變，彈性，強度，韌性，延展性，硬度，脆性，韌性和蠕變之間。（2）The mechanical properties of the metal in.clude in the elasticity plasticity ductility， hardness，creep，bri

46、ttleness and so on. 金屬的機械性能包括彈性、塑性、可段性、硬度、蠕變、脆性等等。17.An elastic material is one that can be deformed and then return to its original shape when the load is removed. 彈性體受力發(fā)生變形，當撤去外力又恢復原狀。18.Elasticity involves the relationship between stress and strain. 彈性描述應力與應變之間的關系。19.Elasticity is expressed by Ho

47、oke's Law as the degree to which an elastic body bends or stretches out of shape (strain) which is in direct proportion to the force stress and strain. 按胡克定律彈性指彈性體彎曲或拉伸后變形的程度。即變形（應變）與作用在它上面的力成正比。20. 塑性Plasticity is the property that allows metals to be permanently deformed beyond the elastic lim

48、it without failure by rupture or splitting.21. 強度Strength of metals is their ability to resist deformation or changing shape when exrernal forces are applied. 22.Shear strength is lower than tensile strength in virtually all metals. 幾乎所有的金屬的抗拉強度低于抗壓強度。23. 拉伸試驗The tensile strength is to determine ten

49、sile strength, metal specimens are "pulled"on a machine called a tensile tester until they break.24. 硬度Hardness is generally defined as the resistance to penetration or indentation. 25. 脆性A material that will mot deform plastically under a load is said to be brittle. 26.沖擊韌性Notch toughness

50、, also called impact strength, is the ability of a metal to resist rupture from impact loading when there is a notch or stress raiser present.27.If, elastic range, the unit stress is divided by the corresponnding unit strain at any given point, the result will be the modulus of elasticity for that m

51、aterial，it called Elasticity Modulus，it also called Youngs Modulus . 在彈性范圍內，金屬材料任意點的單位應力比上單位應變，等于彈性模量，也稱楊氏模量。28. 蠕變Creep is a continuing plastic flow at a stress below the yield strength of a metal. 29.金屬疲勞 Metal fatigue can occur when metal parts are subjected to repeated loading and unloading, par

52、ticularly in cyclic reversals of stress, such as is seen in a rotating shaft having transverse or one-side loading.例如：中國的礦產和豐富。 China is rich in minerals.30.這種物體的輸入阻抗很低。 This object is very low input impedance.31.這個國家的工業(yè)很落后，根本沒有重工業(yè)。 The country's industry is lagging behind, there is no heavy ind

53、ustry.32.這臺200千瓦的發(fā)電機的滿載效率是93%。 The 200 kilowatt generator has an efficiency of 93% at full cood.33.剛和鑄鐵的含碳量各不相同。 Stell and cast iron differ in content of carbon .34.這兩種金屬的性能差別很大。 This two meterials differ in properties .35.這個城市的交通很發(fā)達。 The city's traffic is developed.36.A mechanism is a device wh

54、ich transforms motion to some desirable pattern and typically develops very low forces and transmits little power. 機構是一根某種需要的模式變換運動的裝置。37.A machine typically contains mechanisms which are designed to provide significant forces and transmits significant power. 機器通常包含一些用于力和傳遞有效功率的機構。38.mechanism（機構）：A

55、 system of elements arranged to transmit motion in a predetermined fashion.39. Machines（機器）：A system of elements arranged to transmit motion and energy in a predetermined fashion.40.The design and manufacture of these gears is really a remarkable accomplishment. 齒輪的設計制造是一個偉大的成就。41.Spur gears are use

56、d to transmit rotary motion between parallel shafts ; they are usually cylindrical in shape ,and the teeth are straight and parallel to the axis of rotation. 直齒輪用于傳遞平行軸間的旋轉運動；直齒輪一般為圓柱形，其輪齒為直線型且平行于軸線。42.The pitch circle is a theoretical circle. 節(jié)圓是一個理論圓。43.周節(jié)The circular pitch (p) is the distance ,me

57、asured on the pitch circle ,from a point on one tooth to a corresponding point on an adjacent tooth.44.模數(shù)The module (m) is the ratio of the pitch diameter to the number of teeth.45.經(jīng)節(jié)The diametral pitch (P) is he ratio of the number of teeth on the gear to the pitch diameter.46.齒頂高The addendum (a) is the radial distance between the top land and