2020屆高考新課標理科綜合考試說明：英語題型示例(Word版,含答案解析)

1、精品資料普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語樣題第I卷第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分 40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AMost animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, unless they hunt them for food. Sometimes, however, two kinds of animals come together in a partnership（伙伴關(guān)系）which

2、 is good forboth of them. You may have noticed some birds sitting on the backs of sheep. This is not because they want a ride, but because they find easy food in the parasites（ 寄生蟲）on sheep. The sheep allow the birds to do so because they remove the cause of discomfort. So although they can manage w

3、ithout each other, they do better together.Sometimes an animal has a plant partner. The relationship develops until the two partners cannot manage without each other. This is so in the corals（ 珊瑚）of the sea. In their skins they have tiny plants which act as "dustmen", taking some of the wa

4、ste products from the coral and giving in return oxygen which the animal needs to breathe. If the plants are killed, or are even prevented from receiving light so that they cannot live normally, the corals will die.21. Some birds like to sit on a sheep because.A. they can eat its parasitesB. they en

5、joy travelling with the sheepC. the depend on the sheep for existence D. they find the position most comfortable 22. The underlined word "they" in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to A. birds and parasitesB. birds and sheepC. parasites and sheepD. sheep, birds and parasites2

6、3. We learn from the text that corals depend on plants for.A. comfortB. lightC. foodD. oxygen24. What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?A. Some animals and plants depend on each other for existence.B. Some animals and plants develop their relationship easily.C. Some plants depend on each othe

7、r for food.D. Some animals live better together.BThe idea of fighting a noise by making more noise sounds strange, but that's exactly what motor engineers are doing in Germany and some other countries.Car makers' research and development laboratories have already proved that mixing in more n

8、oise with the help of loudspeakers can reduce the unwanted noise.Physicists have known about the technique for a longtime. Sound is made up of pressure waves in the air. If two sound waves of the same frequency（頻率）mix so that the highest point of one wave happens at the same time as the lowest point

9、 of the other wave, the result is no sound. Therefore, by producing a perfect copy of the noise and delaying it by half a wave cycle（周期）,we can kill the unwanted noise. Using this technique many carmakers are racing to develop noise-killing systems（系 統(tǒng)）both inside and outside the cars.Another good t

10、hing about the use of noise-killing systems is that it saves the need for a silencer; this not only reduces the weight of a car, but also makes the motor burn less fuel and work better.Some engineers believe that the noise-killing system will be used in most cars within a few years. But the carmaker

11、s haven't decided if they will put it into production because it would add several hundred dollars to the cost of their cars.25. Which of the following gives a general idea of how the noise-killing system works?A. By producing pressure waves going in the opposite direction.B. By mixing high freq

12、uency sound waves with low frequency sound waves.C. By mixing new sound waves with the noise and sending them out together.D. By making copies of the unwanted sound waves and letting them out a little later. 26. Besides its main use the noise-killing system can.A. make a car lighterB. make a car qui

13、eterE. reduce the cost of a silencerD. improve the performance of a silencer27. The noise-killing system is not yet popular mainly because A. it is still being tried outB. drivers still have their doubtsC. it increases the cost of car production D. carmakers are not sure if it is necessaryCDuring th

14、e summer holidays there will be a revised schedule（ 修改過的時亥U表 ）of services for the students. Changes for dining-room and library service hours and for bus schedules will be posted on the wall outside of the dining-hall. Weekly film and concert schedules, which are being arranged（安 NE） ,willbe posted

15、each Wednesday outside of the student club.In the summer holidays, buses going to the town centre will leave the main hall every hour on the half hour during the day. The dining-room will serve three meals a day from 7:00 am to7:00 pm during the week and two meals from noon to 7:00 pm on weekends. T

16、he library will continue its usual hours during the week, but have shorter hours on Saturdays and Sundays. The weekend hours are from noon to 5:00 pm.All students who want to use the library lending services must have a new summer card. This announcement will also appear in the next week's stude

17、nt newspaper.28. The main purpose of this text is to.A. tell students of important schedule changesB. tell students of new bus and library servicesC. show the excellent services for studentsD. ask students to renew their library cards29. At which of the following times will the bus leave the main ha

18、ll?A. 8:00, 9:00, 10:00, 11:00B. 8:30, 9:30, 10:30, 11:30C. 8:30, 9:00, 9:30, 10:00D. 8:00, 9:30, 11:00, 12:3030. In the summer holidays, the library will have _A. no special hoursB. special hours on weekdaysC. special hours on weekendsD. special hours both on weekdays and weekends31. We may infer t

19、hat during the summer holidays A. few students will stay in the universityB. no breakfast will be served on weekendsC. the student newspaper will sell more copiesD. there will be a concert or a film each WednesdayDEVENTSBicycle tour and raceA bike tour and race will be held on August 26 and 27(Sat.

20、& Sun.). At 5:30 am, the riders will leave Tian'anmen Square and ride the first 35 kilometers as a training leg. Then the next 55-kilometre leg, from Yanjiao to Jixian, will be the first competitive ( 競爭性的 )part of the tour. The riders and their bikes will then be taken from Jixian to Changl

21、i.The second racing leg of the tour will be from Changli to the seaside at Nandaihe, covering a distance of 20 kilometers. Saturday night includes the stay at Nandaihe and supper. Sunday morning is free at the seaside. At noon all the people and their bikes will be taken back to Beijing.Cost: 200 yu

22、anTelephone: 4675027Brazilian footballersThe Brazilian Football Club will play Beijing Guo'an Team at the Workers Stadium on August 26.The club has four national team players. Also coming is 1994 US World Cup star Romario who has promised to play for at least 45 minutes.Ticket prices: 60,100,150

23、 yuanTime/Date: 4:30 pm, August 26(Sat.)Telephone: 5012372Rock climbingThe Third National Rock Climbing Competition will be held on August 26-27 at the Huairou Mountain-climbing Training Base. More than 10 teams from Beijing, Wuhan, Dalian, Jilin and other places will take part in it. A Japanese tea

24、m will give an exhibition of climbing. Free for spectators ( 觀眾).Take a long-distance bus from Dongzhimen to Huairou.Time/Dates: 9-12 am, August 26 and 27Telephone: 7143177, 7144850, Wang Zhenghua32. The main purpose of announcing the above events is to give information about A. visiting teamsB. fam

25、ous playersC. things to do for the weekendD. prices to pay for the sports events33. The underlined word "leg" in "Bicycle tour and race" probably means _A. raceB. practiceC. part of the trainingD. part of the tour34. What is special about the rock climbing competition?A. A foreig

26、n team takes part in it.B. You don't have to pay to watch it.C. You don't have to be a sportsman to take part.D. The bus trip to the place of the competition is free.35. If you want to find something to do just for Saturday afternoon, which telephone number will you call?A. 4675027B. 7143177

27、C.5012372D.7144850閱讀理解命題分析1 .長度：閱讀材料一般較為簡短，最長不超過350個單詞。2 .題材：比較豐富，有日常生活、科普、人物傳記、歷史、地理等。3 .體裁：較為廣泛，有記敘文、說明文、應(yīng)用文等。4 .來源：廣泛，各類書籍、報紙雜志、活頁宣傳材料等。閱讀理解考查能力分析閱讀理解能力是指對文章整體和局部信息的理解和掌握情況。1 .整體信息：文章的主旨要義；作者的態(tài)度、意圖；上下文的邏輯關(guān)系等。2 .局部信息：分散于文中的特定信息。閱讀理解解題步驟1.通讀全文，掌握大意；2.問題先行，閱讀隨后；3.仔細審題，重點再讀4.全面理解，歸納推理；5.分析驗證，確定答案閱讀理解

28、解題策略1 .細節(jié)理解題查讀法。多注意 who, what, when, where, why, how 問題。(1)直接信息題：從題干中找關(guān)鍵詞一快速通篇閱讀 一定位與關(guān)鍵信息詞相關(guān)的信息句一仔細核對，比較內(nèi)容 一找到答案。(2)間接信息題(語意轉(zhuǎn)換題)：四個選項不出現(xiàn)原文中的直接信息，而是借助于同義轉(zhuǎn)換、 概念解析、歸納事實等對原文信息進行適當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)換。2 .主旨大意題(1)分類：主題類；標題類；作者意圖類(2)主題句定位：用瀏覽法(skimming)。瀏覽時，一般不用逐句細看，只選讀文章的首段、尾 段，或每段的首句、尾句即可。主題句大多出現(xiàn)在文首、文末或中間，主題句首尾呼應(yīng)較為常 見。(3)

29、正確選項特點：通常不含細節(jié)信息或意義絕對的詞；能概括文章的全部內(nèi)容。(4)干擾項的特點：主題變大；斷章取義；以偏概全；無中生有；似是而非3 .推理判斷題(1)細節(jié)推斷：運用泛讀(scanning)方法，迅速確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍。(2)綜合推斷：綜合考慮上下文，把握作者的寫作思路，通過作者闡明的問題或觀點，推斷因 果關(guān)系、文章發(fā)展脈絡(luò)、作者的深層觀點等。4 .詞義猜測題(1)通過上下文信息猜測；(2)通過定義猜測；(3)通過同位關(guān)系猜測；(4)通過轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系猜測；(5)通過因果關(guān)系猜測；(6)通過句法功能猜測；(7)通過構(gòu)詞法猜測。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，

30、從短文后的選項中選出能填人空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。36 This was not because the woods and fields were always far away, but because they were too far from the city to permit people to make a day trip between morning and nightfall.37 He decided to turn his little school house into a dormitory( 宿舍樓)for the summer holida

31、ys. Anyone who brought his sleeping bag and cooking equipment along could stay there for a very small quantity of money. The idea was a success. A few years later, the school house was much too small to hold the many young people who wanted to stay there. 38 This was the first hostel（ 青年招待所）.Today,

32、young students and workers of every country can meet in the hostel and get to know each other. When young people arrive at the hostel, they have only to show their cards of membership in a hostel organization in their own country. 39Often, at the evening meal, a group of boys and girls from various

33、parts of the country or world will happen to meet at the same hostel. They may put their food together and prepare a dinner with many kinds of dishes. Sometimes a program will be organized after the meal with dances, songs, or short talks followed by a question period. 40 For this reason, a few week

34、s spent "hosteling" can be just as useful a part of one's education as classes in school.A. In 1970, a young German school master had an idea which changed this situation.B. People can stay in the hostel if they brought enough equipment with themC. One can learn a lot about other place

35、s, just by meeting people from those places.D. As a result, a dormitory was set up in an old castle nearbyE. For years, children in the industrial areas of Europe seldom left their cities to see the beauties of the countryside.F. More and more young people went to the hostel for summer holidays.G. T

36、his card will permit them to stay in a hostel all over the world for very low prices.七選五命題分析1 .體裁：多是說明文和議論文。2 .設(shè)空類型：段落主題句類、過渡句類、細節(jié)理解類、段落總結(jié)類。3 .考查重點：句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，主題歸納。 七選五解題五步驟1.找全文主題句，整體把握；2.找各段主題句，做好鋪墊；3 .查看七選項，找關(guān)鍵詞，注意銜接標志，篩選代入；4 .全文檢查：內(nèi)容完整，語意通順，邏輯關(guān)系合理；5 .查看被排除選項，進一步確定排除理由七選五解題四技巧：1.句意判斷法；2.詞匯鎖定法

37、；3.關(guān)聯(lián)邏輯法；4.設(shè)題位置法 第三部分：英語知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分 45分）第一節(jié)：完形填空（共 20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填 入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Washoe is a young chimpanzee（黑猩猩）.She is no 41 chimpanzee, though. Scientists are doing research 42 her. They want to see how civilized（馴化）she can 43 . Already she can do

38、many things a human being does.For example, she has been learning how to exchange 44 with people. The scientists are teaching her 45 language. When she wants to be picked 46 , Washoe points up with one finger. She rubs her teeth with her finger 47 she wants to brush her teeth. This is done after eve

39、ry meal.Washoe has also been 48 to find answers to problems. Once she was put in a 49 with food hanging from the ceiling. It was too high to 50 . After she considered the 51 ,she got a tall box to 52 . The food was still too high to be reached. Washoe found a 53 pole. Then she climbed onto the 54 ,

40、grasped（抓取）the pole, and 55 down the food with the pole.57Washoe 56 like a human, too. The scientists keep her in a fully furnished house. After a hard in the lab, she goes home. 58 she plays with her toys. She 59 enjoys watching television before going to bed.Scientists hope to 60 more about people

41、 by studying our closest relative the chimpanzee.41. A. foolishB.simpleC. specialD. ordinaryD. by42. A. forB. onC. to43. A. experienceB. changeC. developD.become44. A. actionsB. viewsC. messagesD. feelings45. A. humanB. signC. spokenD. foreign46. A. outB. atC. onD. up47. A. whenB. untilC. sinceD. wh

42、ile48. A. trainedB. raisedC. orderedD. led49. A. holeB. zooC. roomD. museum50. A. pullB. seeC. eatD. reach51. A. problemB.positionC. foodD. ceiling52. A. stand byB. stand onC. stand upD. stand with53. A. straightB. strongC. longD. heavy54, A. wallB. boxC. ceilingD. pole55. A. knockedB. pickedC. took

43、D. pulled56. A. livesB. worksC. thinksD. plays57. A. taskB. lessonC. timeD. day58. A. ButB. ThereC. SoD. Besides59. A. quiteB. alreadyC. evenD. still60. A. seeB. answer完形填空命題分析C. learnD. gain1 .考查考生在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上對詞匯知識的掌握情況，突出在語篇中對詞匯的綜合運用能 力。不涉及或極少涉及單純的語法知識、習(xí)慣用語、句型結(jié)構(gòu)。2 .選材內(nèi)容生活化，心靈雞湯、具有教育意義的文章居多。3 .記敘文為主，說

44、明文、議論文、夾敘夾議文為輔。完形填空解題步驟1.細讀首句，啟示全文； 2.速讀全文，掌握主旨；3.前后聯(lián)系，仔細辨析；4.全面復(fù)查，修正答案完形填空解題方法1 .根據(jù)上下文線索；2.根據(jù)邏輯推理；3.根據(jù)慣用法及詞語辨析；4.參照文化背景，根據(jù)生活常識第n卷注意：將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。第三部分：英語知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分 45分）第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，？茜分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填人適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 61 （be

45、） late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 62 some of them looked very anxious and 63 （disappoint）. When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next 64 the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike 65 （catch） my attention. He was ridi

46、ng beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 66 （stop） until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept 67 （ride）. He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the

47、 door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation Then the driver stood up and asked," 68 anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop ? "A woman on the bus shouted, "Oh dear! It's 69 （I）."She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. Everyone on the bus began

48、 talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers 70 （sudden） became friendly to one another. 語法填空考查能力 1.語篇閱讀、語篇理解的能力。2 .句子成分分析、句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析的能力（詞形轉(zhuǎn)換、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換、并列連詞、從屬連詞）。3 .固定結(jié)構(gòu)、固定短語（冠詞、介詞的填寫）。4 .邏輯推理能力。5.單詞拼寫能力。 語法填空解題技巧1 .給出提示詞的空提示詞是動詞，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)：a.若是謂語，要考慮時態(tài)、語態(tài)和動詞第三人稱單數(shù)。b.若是非謂語，根據(jù)句子成分、固定搭配等考慮to d

49、o/doing/done。c.有時填寫該動詞的名詞形式，甚至其形容詞或副詞。提示詞是名詞，要考慮名詞復(fù)數(shù)或該名詞的形容詞、副詞。提示詞是形容詞，要考慮其副詞或它的比較級、最高級。提示詞是副詞，要考慮其比較級、最高級或其形容詞。提示詞是人稱代詞，要考慮人稱代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞性物主代詞、反身代詞的 轉(zhuǎn)換。2 .沒有提示詞的空（只填一個詞）冠詞：泛指、特指，固定短語中的冠詞。介詞：動介搭配、形介搭配、介詞短語。it作形式主語、形式賓語。固定句式及搭配。并列連詞and, but, or, so。從屬連詞 what, which , who, where, when, how, because

50、, why 等。上下文語境角度。此類型題目偶爾涉及。如 2015年全國卷I （62題before/earlier）。第四部分：寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分 35分） 第一節(jié)：短文改錯（共 10小題；每小題1分，茜分10分） 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下便條。便條中共有10處錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個漏詞符號（A）并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。Dea

51、r Bob,I saw your note yesterday afternoon since I came back from school. You suggested that we go to concert this Friday evening. I'm sorry but I will be visit my uncle that day. He is going to Canada to do him PhD, and leave China this Sunday. I think I should say good-bye for him.I'd reall

52、y like to go to the concert. I knew the performances will continue until next weekend, so how do you think about going next Friday evening? Please let me know that we can go together then. Give me a phone at 12300456.'Thanks.Li Hua第二節(jié)：書面表達（滿分 25分）假定你是李華。你和幾個朋友約定星期天在人民公園野餐。你們的英國朋友Peter也應(yīng)邀參加。請你根據(jù)下

53、面的示意圖，給他寫封短信，告訴他進公園后如何找到你們。汪思：1 .詞數(shù)100左右；2 .開頭語已為你寫好。June 1stDear Peter,We're so glad you're coming to join us on Sunday. Here is how you can find us.Li Hua短文改錯考查能力發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷和糾正語篇錯誤的能力，主要是：詞法和句法錯誤、行文邏輯錯誤。短文改錯設(shè)錯形 式1 .多詞：一般為1個。多冠詞、介詞、不定式符號。2 .缺詞：一般為1個。缺冠詞、介詞、不定式符號。3 .錯詞：都是語法錯誤、沒有單詞拼寫錯誤。名詞單復(fù)數(shù)錯誤；動詞時態(tài)

54、、語態(tài)以及主謂一致錯誤；分詞、動名詞、動詞不定式錯人稱代詞的格用錯；代詞前后指代不一致；形容詞、副詞混用；并列連詞、從屬連詞誤用。書面表達類型提綱類、圖表類、圖畫類。高水平寫作秘訣1.掌握簡單句五大句型。2.巧用并列句和復(fù)合句。3.靈活運用固定結(jié)構(gòu)。4.熟練進行簡單句或復(fù)合句和非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。5.妙用承接、過渡詞語。書面表達寫作步驟1 .審題立意：審文體、審人稱、審時態(tài)、審要求2 .列出要點3 .遣詞造句：開門見山，揭示主題；自然過渡，行文流暢；確定要點，準確表達； 句式多變，增加亮點；首尾呼應(yīng)，畫龍點睛4 .仔細檢查：格式、人稱是否正確；內(nèi)容要點是否齊全；語法點是否出現(xiàn)錯誤5 .規(guī)范譽

55、寫參考答案第二部分：21. A22.B23. D24. A25.D26.A27. C28. A29.B30.C31.B32.C33. D34.B35. C36. E37.A38.D39. G40. C第三部分：41. D42.B43. D44. C45.B46.D47. A48. A49.C50.D51.A52.B53. C54.B55. A56. A57.D58.B59. C60. C61. being 62. and 63. disappointed 64. to 65. caught 66. to stop 67. riding 68. Did69. me/mine 70. suddenly第四部分：第一節(jié)：Dear Bob,I saw your note yesterday afternoon since I came back from school. You suggested that wewhengo toA concert this Friday evening. I'msorry but I will be visit my uncle that dayHe is going toLi HuatheCanada to do him PhD, and A leave China this Sunday. I think I shou