詞法--小學(xué)英語(yǔ)名詞練習(xí)題冠詞

1、冠詞重點(diǎn)知識(shí)歸納及講解 （一）概說(shuō) 1冠詞是一種虛詞，不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任一個(gè)成分，只能附著在一個(gè)名詞上，幫助說(shuō)明其詞義。英語(yǔ)中有兩個(gè)冠詞： 1）定冠詞the 2）不定冠詞a/an 定冠詞the通常讀作，在元音前讀作i，特別強(qiáng)調(diào)或單念時(shí)讀作i:。 不定冠詞在元音音素開(kāi)始的單詞前用an這個(gè)形式，讀作n；在其他情況下則使用a，讀作。 2冠詞的基本意義 不定冠詞a/an與數(shù)詞one同源，表示“一個(gè)”的意思，用在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前。 例如： She is a nurse. 她是個(gè)護(hù)士。 He is an Englishman, with an Irish wife. 他是一位英國(guó)人，有一個(gè)愛(ài)爾蘭妻子。 定冠詞th

2、e，與this同源，有“這（那）個(gè)”的意思，但比較弱，表示一（幾）個(gè)特定的人或東西，有時(shí)可譯作“這個(gè)（些）”或“那個(gè)（些）”。 例如： Thats the book you want. 這就是你要的那本書(shū)。 Whos the young man over there? 那邊那個(gè)年輕人是誰(shuí)？ 但在很多情況下，“這”或“那”這類(lèi)詞在譯文中并不出現(xiàn)。 例如： Put it on the table. 把它放在桌上。 Shut the door, please. 請(qǐng)把門(mén)關(guān)上。 3特指和泛指 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，名詞有特指和泛指兩種情況，請(qǐng)比較下面的句子： A gentleman is asking to see

3、 you. 有位先生要求見(jiàn)你。（泛指） Ask the gentleman to come in. 請(qǐng)那位先生進(jìn)來(lái)。（特指） 在特指時(shí)一般前面要加定冠詞，而泛指時(shí)則有三種情況： 1）在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前加不定冠詞。 例如： She sent me a postcard 她寄給我一張明信片。 2）在可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前可不加冠詞，可使用some, any這類(lèi)詞。 例如： These are new words. 這些是生詞。 She sent me some flowers. 她送給我一些花。 3）在不可數(shù)名詞前多不加什么，有時(shí)也可加some, any等。 例如： Its lovely weather.

4、天氣真好。 Do you want any sugar in your tea? 你茶里要放點(diǎn)糖嗎？ Give us some help. 給我們一些幫助。 （二）不定冠詞的基本用法 1泛指某一類(lèi)人或事物中的一個(gè)，代表某一類(lèi)別（不一定譯為“一”） 例如： His father is a doctor. 他父親是醫(yī)生。 2代表某一類(lèi)人或事物，相當(dāng)于any（+名詞）（不必譯為“一”，但必須用a，表示類(lèi)別） 例如： A horse is a useful animal. 馬是有用的動(dòng)物。 3指某人或某物（不是指某一類(lèi)），但不具體說(shuō)明何人或何物（一般譯為“一”） 例如： This book was w

5、ritten by a worker. 這本書(shū)是一位工人寫(xiě)的。 4表示數(shù)量，有“一”的意思，但數(shù)的概念沒(méi)有one強(qiáng)烈（一般譯為“一”） 例如： Wait a moment. 等一下。 5表示單位，相當(dāng)于“每”的意思 例如： We have three meals a day. 我們每日吃三餐。 6用于某此固定詞組中 例如： a few, a little, a bit (of), a lot of等。 （三）定冠詞的基本用法 1特指某（些）人或某（些）事物 例如： Give me the book. 把那本書(shū)給我。 2指談話(huà)雙方都知道的人或事物 例如： Where is the doctor?

6、 醫(yī)生在哪兒？ 3再次提到上文提到過(guò)的人或事物 例如： I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is at home. 昨天我買(mǎi)了一本詞典。詞典在家里。 4用在大家所熟悉的、世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物 例如： The earth is bigger than the moon, but smaller than the sun. 地球比月亮大，但比太陽(yáng)小。 5用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前 例如： Mr Wang teaches the first class. 王先生上第一節(jié)課。 Of all the stars the sun is the n

7、earest to the earth. 在所有的恒星中，太陽(yáng)離地球最近。 6用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表示某一類(lèi)人或事物 例如：The horse is a useful animal. 馬是有用的動(dòng)物。 7與下列專(zhuān)有名詞連用 1）在江、河、湖、海、群島、山脈的名稱(chēng)前 例如： the Changjiang River, the Great Lake 2）在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，表示夫婦二人或全家人 例如： The Greens are sitting at the breakfast table. 格林一家人正圍坐在早餐桌旁。 8和某些形容詞連用，表示一類(lèi)人 例如： the old 老人 the you

8、ng 年輕人 the rich 富人 the poor 窮人 the sick 病人 the dead 死人 9在一些習(xí)慣說(shuō)法中 the east (west, south, north) in the morning (afternoon, evening) on the left (right) in the end go to the cinema （四）不用冠詞的幾種情況 1在專(zhuān)有名詞，抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前 例如： Have you ever been to Shanghai? 你到過(guò)上海嗎？ We love science. 我們愛(ài)好科學(xué)。 2在表示一類(lèi)人或事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前 例如：

9、Girls can be scientists. 女孩子可以當(dāng)科學(xué)家。 3在季節(jié)、月份、星期、一日三餐的名稱(chēng)前 例如： It is hot in summer. 夏天天氣熱。 Its Tuesday, August the 22nd. 今天是八月二十二日，星期三。 Have you had breakfast? 你吃過(guò)早飯沒(méi)有？ 4稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)或表示頭銜，職務(wù)的名詞前 例如： Whats the matter with you, Mike? 怎么啦，邁克？ He is headmaster of our school. 他是我們學(xué)校的校長(zhǎng)。 5學(xué)科和球類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱(chēng)前 例如： We study Eng

10、lish. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。 Do you like to play football? 你喜歡踢足球嗎？ 6名詞前已有用作定語(yǔ)的this, that my, your, some, any, no, whose, every, each等代詞時(shí)，不用冠詞 例如： That is her bike.那是她的自行車(chē)。 Each student in his class studies hard. 這個(gè)班的每個(gè)學(xué)生都努力學(xué)習(xí)。 7在某些固定詞組的名詞前 例如： at home, at night, after school, by bus, in bed, in town, in front of,

11、 go to school, go to bed等。 三、隨堂監(jiān)測(cè)A組 I. 在下列句子的空格中填上適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~，不需要的地方用“/”表示： 1. This is _ old map. It is _ useful map. 2. We have no classes in _ afternoon on _ Saturday. 3. _ spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _second. 4. Beijing is _ capital of _ China. It is _ beautiful city. 5. Roman was not bu

12、ilt in _ day. 6. Chinese is quite _ difficult language for Mike. 7. Many _ students will take _ active part in sports meet. 8. There is _ interesting picture on _ wall. 9. Jenny found _ wallet lying on _ground. _ wallet was Mr. Blacks. 10. Which is _ biggest, _ sun, _ moon, or _ earth? 11. - Which p

13、icture is more beautiful? - _one on _ left, I think. 12. - Which is _ way to _ hospital? - Go down this road and turn left on _ second crossing. 13. _ more, _ better. 14. _ Turners are sitting at breakfast table. 15. Joe Hill was _ fighter for _ working class. 16. When was _ Peoples Republic of Chin

14、a founded? 17. In China _ first English textbooks were published in _late nineteenth century. 18. After _ breakfast he went to _ school on _ foot. 19. _ Huanghe River lies in _ north of China. 20. He likes playing _ football. His sister likes playing _ piano. II. 單項(xiàng)選擇： 1. 上學(xué) A. go to school B. go to

15、 the school C. go to a school 2. 住院 A, in the hospital B. in a hospital C. in hospital 3. 此刻 A. at the moment B. at a moment C. at moment 4. 在課堂上 A. in class B. in a class C. in the class 5. 在地球上 A. on earth B. on an earth C. on the earth 6. 步行 A. on foot B. on the foot C. on feet 7. 吃飯 A. at a tabl

16、e B. at the table C. at table 8. 乘公共汽車(chē)A. take bus B. by bus C. by the bus 9. 在家 A. at the home B. at a home C. at home 10. 在工作 A. at work B. at the work C. at works 11. 跳高 A. jump high B. high jump C. the high jump 12. 坐飛機(jī) A. by air B. by the air C. on air13. 乘火車(chē) A. by the train B. by train C. on tr

17、ain 14. 在校學(xué)習(xí) A. in the school B. in school C. in schools 15. 睡覺(jué) A. go to bed B. go to the bed C. go to a bed 16. 感冒 A. have a cold B. have the cold C. have cold 17. 乘船 A. by ship B. on ship C. by a ship 18. 玩得痛快A. have good times B. have a good time C. have good times 19. 事實(shí)上 A. in the fact B. in fa

18、cts C. in fact 21. 從早到晚A. from morning to the evening B. from morning to evening C. from a morning to an evening 四、隨堂監(jiān)測(cè)B組 III. 選擇填空： 1. There is _ old woman in the car. A. / B. the C. a D. an 2. Shanghai is in _ east of China. A. / B. an C. the D. a 3. Bill is _ English teacher. He likes playing _ f

19、ootball. A. a, the B. an, the C. a, / D. /, / 4. The museum is quite far. It will take you half _ hour to go there by _ bus. A. an, / B. an, a C. a, / D. /, / 5. The story is _ interesting. That means it is _ interesting story. A. an, the B. the, a. C. /, an D. /, a 6. Lets go for _ walk, shall we?

20、A. a B. an C. the D. / 7. This is _ interesting story-book and it is also _ useful one. A. a, a B. an, an C. an, a D. a, an 8. _ woman over there is _ popular teacher in our school. A. A, an B. The, a C. The , the D. A, the 9. They passed our school _ day before yesterday. A. an B. one C. a D. the 1

21、0. Australia is _ English-speaking country. A. a B. an C. the D. / 11. Dont play _ basketball here. Its dangerous. A. a B. an C. / D. the 12. This is _ apple. Its _ big apple. A. an, a B. a, the C. a, an D. an, the 13. - Have you seen _ bag? I left it here just now. - Is it _ one on the chair near t

22、he door? A. a, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, a 14. I have _ blue coat. A. a B. an C. the D. some 15. This is _ orange. _ orange is on the table. A. a, The B. an, The C. an, An D. the, An 16. Have you had _ breakfast? A. a B. an C. the D. / 17. He wondered when the doctor could finish _ operation.

23、A. a B. an C. the D. any 18. After _ supper, he stayed at home and played _ violin. A. the, the B. /, the C. /, a D. /, / 19. There is _ apple on the plate. A. a B. an C. the D. / 20. He said that he got _ “ C” in the test. A. a B. an C. the D. / 21. _ new bridge has been built over _ Huangpu River.

24、 A. The, a B. A, / C. A, the D. An, an 22. English is _ useful language in _ world. A. an, the B. a, the C. the, the D. an, an 23. In the word “ cariage” _ “ r” is lost. A. the B. an C. a D. / 24. With the help of his teacher he studied hard and got _ “ A” in the test. A. a B. an C. the D. one 25. I

25、 have two dogs. _ black one is two years old and _ yellow one is three years old. A. A, a B. The, a C. The, the D. A. the 26. Li Dan can play _ piano very well. A. / B. a C. an D. the 27. What _ interesting film it is! I like _ film very much. A. a, the B. a, a C. an, the D. The, / 28. _ tall man ov

26、er there is our _ English teacher. A. A, the B. The, a C. A, an D. The, / 小學(xué)英語(yǔ)冠詞的用法提高專(zhuān)題精講及同步練習(xí)冠詞雖小，只有a，an和the三個(gè)，但卻是歷年各地考試必考語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)之一。就考查題型而言，以單項(xiàng)選擇為主，有時(shí)在完形填空中出現(xiàn)。從命題意圖看，以考查不定冠詞a和an的用法區(qū)別、不定冠詞和定冠詞的用法區(qū)別為主。同時(shí)考查冠詞的各種不同用法。-考查重點(diǎn)冠詞的考查重點(diǎn)包括不定冠詞a和an的用法，定冠詞the的用法和零冠詞的用法等。其中，不定冠詞與定冠詞的用法區(qū)別以及在具體語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中冠詞的應(yīng)用是歷年中考試題考查的熱點(diǎn)，也是

27、今后的考查方向。冠詞是虛詞，本身不能單獨(dú)使用，也沒(méi)有詞義，它用在名詞的前面，幫助指明名詞的含義冠詞分為不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種。不定冠詞僅用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面，表示“一”的意義，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目觀念，只表示名詞為不特定者。定冠詞則表示名詞為特定者，表示“這”，“那”，“這些”，“那些”的意思，在可數(shù)的單復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前面都可以用不定冠詞有a和an兩種形式，a用于輔音(不是輔音字母)開(kāi)頭的詞前，an用于元音(不是元音字母)開(kāi)頭的詞前。例如：a boy，a university，a european country；an hour，an honour，an island，an elephant，an

28、 umbrella1.泛指某一類(lèi)人、事或物；相當(dāng)于any，這是不定冠詞a/an的基本用法。2.泛指某人或某物，但不具體說(shuō)明何人或何物。3.表示數(shù)量，有“一”的意思，但數(shù)的概念沒(méi)有one強(qiáng)烈。4.表示“每一”，相當(dāng)于every. 例如，i go to school five days a week.我一周上五天課。5.用在序數(shù)詞前，表示“又一”，“再一”。例如，i have three books. i want to buy a fourth one.我已經(jīng)有三本書(shū)，我想買(mǎi)第四本。6.用在某些固定詞組中：a lot(of)許多，大量；after a while過(guò)一會(huì)兒1.特指某(些)人或某(些

29、)物，這是定冠詞的基本用法。2.指談話(huà)雙方都知道的人或事物。例如：open the window，please.請(qǐng)打開(kāi)窗戶(hù)。3.指上文已經(jīng)提到的人或事物。例如：i have a car. the car is red.我有一輛小汽車(chē)，它是紅色的。4.指世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物。 例如：which is bigger，the sun or the earth？哪一個(gè)大，太陽(yáng)還是地球？5.用在序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級(jí)前。例如：the first lesson is the easiest one in this book.第一課是這本書(shū)最簡(jiǎn)單的一課。6.用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專(zhuān)有名詞前。例如，the gre

30、at wall 長(zhǎng)城，the united states美國(guó)7.用在某些形容詞前，表示某一類(lèi)人。例如:the poor窮人,the blind盲人8用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妻倆”。例如：the greens 格林一家或格林夫妻倆9.用在方位詞前。例如:on the left在左邊，in the middle of在中間10.用在樂(lè)器名稱(chēng)前。例如：she plays the piano every day.她每天彈鋼琴。11.用在表示海洋，河流，山脈，群島及國(guó)家和黨派等名詞前。例如：the black sea黑海，the yangzi river長(zhǎng)江12.用在某些固定詞組中：al

31、l the same仍然；all the time一直；at the moment此刻；at the same time同時(shí)；by the way順便說(shuō)；do the shopping/washing買(mǎi)東西/洗衣服；in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上；in the open air 在戶(hù)外，在野外1.在專(zhuān)有名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前。例如，class two二班，tianan men square天安門(mén)廣場(chǎng)，water水2.可數(shù)名詞前已有作定語(yǔ)的物主代詞(my，your，his，her等)、指示代詞(this/these，that/those)、不定代

32、詞(some，any等)及所有格限制時(shí)。例如my book(正)；my the book(誤)3.復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類(lèi)人或事物時(shí)。例如，they are teachers.他們是老師。4.在星期，月份，季節(jié)，節(jié)日前。例如：on sunday在周日，in march在三月，in spring在春天，on womens day在婦女節(jié)(特例：如果月份，季節(jié)等被一個(gè)限定性定語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)，則要加定冠詞：he joined the army in the spring of 1982.他在1982年春季參軍。)5.在稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)或表示頭銜的名詞前。例如：tom湯姆，mum媽媽6.在學(xué)科名稱(chēng)，三餐飯和球類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)名稱(chēng)前。例

33、如：i have lunch at school every day.特例：當(dāng)football，basketball指具體的某個(gè)球時(shí)，其前可以用冠詞：i can see a football.我可以看到一只足球。wheres the football？那只足球在哪兒？(指足球，并非“球類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)”)7.在表特定的公園，街道，車(chē)站，橋，學(xué)校等之前。例如：no.25 middle school8.某些固定詞組中不用冠詞。(1)與by連用的交通工具名稱(chēng)前：by bus乘公共汽車(chē)；by car乘汽車(chē)；by bike騎/坐自行車(chē)；by train乘火車(chē)；by air/plane乘飛機(jī)；by sea/ship

34、乘船，但take a bus，in a boat，on the bike前需用冠詞(2)名詞詞組：day and night日日夜夜；brother and sister兄弟姐妹;hour after hour時(shí)時(shí)刻刻；here and there到處(3)介詞詞組：at home在家；in surprise驚奇地；at noon在中午;on foot步行；at night在晚上；on duty值日；at work在工作；on time準(zhǔn)時(shí)；for example例如；in class在上課；on show展覽；in bed在床上(4)go短語(yǔ)：go home回家；go to bed上床睡覺(jué)；

35、go to school去上學(xué)；go to work去上班；go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去買(mǎi)東西/游泳/劃船/釣魚(yú)in hospital住院/in the hospital在醫(yī)院里go to sea出海/go to the sea去海邊on earth究竟/on the earth在地球上，在世上in front of在(外部的)前面/in the front of在(內(nèi)部的)前面take place發(fā)生/take the place(of)代替at table進(jìn)餐/at the table在桌子旁by sea乘船/by the sea在海邊in f

36、uture從今以后，將來(lái)/in the future未來(lái)go to school(church)上學(xué)(做禮拜)/go to the school(church)到學(xué)校(教堂)去on horseback騎著馬/on the horseback在馬背上two of us我們當(dāng)中的兩人/the two of us我們兩人(共計(jì)兩人)out of question毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)/out of the question不可能的，辦不到的next year明年/the next year 第二年a teacher and writer一位教師兼作家(一個(gè)人)/a teacher and a writer一位教師

37、和一位作家(兩個(gè)人)七、例題剖析例1.he gave my sister useful book yesterday.a. an b. ac. / d the【答案】b useful的第一個(gè)音素為ju 故選b。例2.my brother is honest boy， so he has many friends.a. a b. anc. the d /【答案】b honest 的第一個(gè)音素為元音。例3.more college graduates would like to work in west part of country next year.a. the; the b. /; /c.

38、 /; the d. the; /【答案】a 方位名詞前加the，in the west part；由句意可知為第二年，即the next year。例4.there is a big tree the house.a. in the front ofb. in front ofc. in frontd. at class【答案】b 由句意可知是物體外部的前面。例5.jim always answers the teachers questions _.a. in class b. in the classc. after class d. at class【答案】a 課上回答老師的問(wèn)題，故選

39、in class。八、同步練習(xí)1.there is _ apple on the desk.a. a b .the c. an d./2.the girl under _ tree is my sister.a. a b .thec .an d./3.mary is from _ usa.a. a b. thec. an d./4.he met _ friend of his on the road.a. a b .thec .an d./5.mr black will go back to england_.a .by air b .by a planec. by trains d. at

40、a train6.yesterday i went to work on foot.a. /， / b ./， thec .the， / d. the， the7.there is “h” in the word “hour”， but “h”doesnt make a sound.a. a， a b. a， thec. the， ，an d .an. the8.im going to see my mother. she is ill _.a. in hospitalb. in the hospitalc. in a hospitald. at a hospital9. we have th

41、ree meals day. we have breakfast at 6：30 in morning every day.a. the， the， theb. the， /， thec. a， /， thed .a， the， the10.this is film ive told you about several times.its great. ive never seen _ more moving one.a. a， a b. the， thec. the， a d. a， the11.tina，could you please play piano for me while im

42、 singing？with pleasure.a .a b. anc. the d. /12.i want to try again. please give me third chance again.a .a b. thec. an d. /13. whats the matter with you？i caught bad cold and had to stay in bed.a. a; / b. a; thec. a; a d. the; the14. sun is shining brightly.a. a b. anc. the d. /15. swimming is in su

43、mmer.a. a great fun b. great fun c. great funs d. great a fun參考答案：1-5cbbaa6-10adacc11-15caacb三、隨堂監(jiān)測(cè)A組 I. 寫(xiě)出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式： 1. house _ 2. village _ 3. map _ 4. orange _ 5. bag _ 6. exercise _ 7. brush _ 8. family _ 9. bus _ 10. city _ 11. box _ 12. baby _ 13. class _ 14. factory _ 15. glass _ 16. dictiona

44、ry _ 17. watch _ 18. woman _ 19. match _ 20. man _ 21. wish _ 22. German _ 23. tomato _ 24. policeman _ 25. kilo _ 26. human _ 27. potato _ 28. Chinese _ 29. shelf _ 30. Japanese _ 31. leaf _ 32. American _33. life _ 34. tooth _ 35. wife _ 36. foot _ 37. knife _ 38. sheep _ 39. half _ 40. child _ II

45、. 將下列詞組譯成英語(yǔ)： 1、一群孩子 2、兩箱子蘋(píng)果 3、三籃子蔬菜 4、九塊面包 5、十杯牛奶 6、五塊肉 7、多種植物 8、一副眼鏡 9、兩塊冰 10、三張紙 11、四瓶橘汁 12、五杯茶 13、六碗米飯 14、七袋米 15、八塊木頭 16、九塊金屬 III. 寫(xiě)出下列各詞的名詞形式： 1. work _ 2. teach _ 3. sing _ 4. ill _ 5. fight _ 6. invent _7. wait _ 8. woolen _ 9. win _10. thankful _ 11. foreign _ 12. cloudy _ 13. run _14. dirty

46、_ 15. visit _ 16. funny _ 17. wooden _18. medical _ 19. operate _ 20. hot _ 21. invite _22. worried _ 23. build _ 24. please _ 25. help _26. safe _ 27. die _ 28. dangerous _ 29. draw _ 30. noisy _ 四、隨堂監(jiān)測(cè)B組 . 選擇填空： 1. I want to buy _. A. two bottles of ink B. two bottle of ink C. two bottle of inks D. two bottles of inks 2. They dont have to do _ today. A. much homeworkB. many homeworks C. many homework D.