高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解推理判斷題解題技巧

1、【精品文檔】如有侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除，僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解推理判斷題解題技巧.精品文檔.高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解推理判斷題解題技巧 閱讀能力的考查不但要求理解具體事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，也要求理解抽象的含義，既要求理解字面意思，又要求理解其深層含義，包括作者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)、意圖等；既要求理解文章中某句、某段的含義及全文的邏輯關(guān)系，又要求根據(jù)其含義及邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推理和判斷。推理判斷屬于高層次閱讀理解，在解答時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1.掌握常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)形式 常用 infer, imply, suggest, conclude, learn, intend, mean, describe, purpose 等詞提問(wèn)，或提

2、問(wèn)中含有表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如：can, could, might, would 等何其他表示可能性的副詞或詞組，如probably, most likely 等。2. 解題思路 做題時(shí)一定要從整體上把握語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容，在語(yǔ)篇的表面意義與隱含意義、已知信息與未知信息間架起橋梁，透過(guò)字里行間，去體會(huì)作者的“弦外音”.在閱讀是要抓住文章的主題和細(xì)節(jié)，分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，挖掘文章的深沉含義。首先在進(jìn)行推理時(shí)，要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，千萬(wàn)不可脫離原文而憑個(gè)人的看法，主觀臆斷。其次對(duì)于暗含在文章中的人物的行為動(dòng)機(jī)。事件的因果關(guān)系及作者未言明的傾向、意圖、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等要進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推斷。推理分析，進(jìn)一步

3、增強(qiáng)理解能力，抓住材料實(shí)質(zhì)性的東西。再次，在解答推理問(wèn)題時(shí)，應(yīng)清楚所要解答的問(wèn)題是針對(duì)某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行判斷，還是針對(duì)主題思、作者的意圖進(jìn)行判斷。針對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的推斷可運(yùn)用略讀的方法，迅速在閱讀材料中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍，然后在進(jìn)行推理判斷。針對(duì)主題思想進(jìn)行判斷時(shí)，其解題的主要依據(jù)是文章的主題思想，然后再分析句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，區(qū)分觀點(diǎn)與例證（opinion and fact）、原因與結(jié)果（cause and effect）,主觀點(diǎn)與次觀點(diǎn)（main idea and supporting idea）3.推理題的解題方法（1）抓住特定的信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推理 做此類試題時(shí)，要善于某一段話中的關(guān)鍵信息，

4、即某些關(guān)鍵詞或短語(yǔ)去分析、推理判斷，利用逆向思維或正向推理，從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。（2）整合全文（段）信息進(jìn)行推斷 做推理題時(shí)，有時(shí)需要在弄懂全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的有用信息，綜合起來(lái)進(jìn)行推理判斷，確定最佳結(jié)論。（3） 利用語(yǔ)境的褒貶性進(jìn)行信息推斷幾乎每篇文章的語(yǔ)境都有一定的褒貶性，這種褒貶性反映了主人公的特定心理和情緒狀態(tài)以及作者的寫(xiě)作意圖，因此利用好文章的語(yǔ)境褒貶性就能在把握主旨大意的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)文章進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的邏輯判斷。認(rèn)真閱讀原文并找出反映語(yǔ)境褒貶性及變化的標(biāo)志性詞匯或句子，對(duì)我們掌握文章主旨大意，了解主人公的心理特點(diǎn)幾發(fā)展變化，從而進(jìn)行正確的邏輯判斷很有好處。（4）根

5、據(jù)文章的結(jié)論推斷作者的態(tài)度 作者的態(tài)度、傾向是作者對(duì)陳述的觀點(diǎn)是贊同、反對(duì)還是猶豫不定，對(duì)記述或描寫(xiě)的人、物或事件是贊頌、同情、冷漠還是厭惡、憎恨。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間，或流露于修飾的詞語(yǔ)之中。因此，在推斷過(guò)程中，應(yīng)特別注意文章中作者的措辭，尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞。（5)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系得出結(jié)論 邏輯結(jié)論是指嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文章中所陳述的事實(shí)、論點(diǎn)、例證等一系列論據(jù)材料進(jìn)行推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論，而不是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)或愛(ài)好去理解文章的內(nèi)涵。做這類題時(shí)，應(yīng)把握作者的寫(xiě)作思路，預(yù)測(cè)下文可能發(fā)展的內(nèi)容。文章可按照事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過(guò)描寫(xiě)，也可按因果關(guān)系、對(duì)

6、比關(guān)系來(lái)描寫(xiě)。（6) 結(jié)合自己已有的知識(shí)進(jìn)行推斷 知識(shí)推斷是根據(jù)文章中所闡述的細(xì)節(jié)，運(yùn)用自己掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推敲，從而得出符合文章意思的結(jié)論的的一種推斷方法。知識(shí)推斷題一般都是針對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)。解答此類題不僅需要我們有一定的社會(huì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，而且還需要對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)以及有關(guān)背景知識(shí)有充分的理解下面就這五大類型的失分點(diǎn)進(jìn)行剖析和例證。1. 細(xì)節(jié)推斷題：要求考生根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇關(guān)系，推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)，如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物關(guān)系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根據(jù)短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常識(shí)進(jìn)行推理判斷。典例：2011年廣東卷A篇 Sometimes situations call for us to act strong an

7、d brave even when we dont feel that way. But those are and far between. More often, it would be better if we dont pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared.29 In this passage, the author advises us to _. A. handle problems by ourselves B. accept help fr

8、om others C. admit our weakness D. show our bravery解析答案是C。本小題是問(wèn)從文章最后一段中推斷出作者對(duì)我們的建議是，根據(jù)上面文章所提供的信息：it would be better if we dont pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared。由此細(xì)節(jié)，我們可以推斷出我們應(yīng)該承認(rèn)我們的“weakness”2. 因果推斷題：要求考生根據(jù)已知結(jié)果推測(cè)導(dǎo)致結(jié)果的可能原因?？忌獪?zhǔn)確掌握文章的內(nèi)涵，理解文章的真正含義

9、。典例：2013年廣東卷D While Jennifer was at hose taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor（監(jiān)控器）a few hundred miles away was watching her every move. Using a web camera equipped in Jennifers Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved form the compute

10、r screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked remotely to prevent Internet searches , and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was: Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past?

11、 Or was she slowing down? In the battle against cheating , this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheati

12、ng, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid that students havent just searched the Internet to get the right answers.41. Why was Jennifer watched in an online exam ?A.To correct her typing mistakes. B.To find her secrets in the room.C To prevent her form s

13、lowing down. D.To keep her from dishonest behaviors.解析答案是 D 由第三段第一句In the battle against cheating可知，前面兩段對(duì)Jennifer在家考試中受監(jiān)控器的監(jiān)控的具體描述是為了防止她作弊。從這兩句話就可以推斷原因了。3. 人物性格、態(tài)度及觀點(diǎn)判斷題：高考閱讀測(cè)試中有些是考查考生對(duì)作者的主導(dǎo)思想、被描寫(xiě)人物語(yǔ)氣、言談話語(yǔ)中流露的情緒、性格傾向和作者或文中人物態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等方面的理解題。做這一類題時(shí)一定要注意：由表及里的準(zhǔn)確把握字里行間的意思，切勿用自己的主觀想法或觀點(diǎn)代替作者的思想觀點(diǎn)；特別注意那些描寫(xiě)環(huán)境氣

14、氛的語(yǔ)言，以及表達(dá)感情、態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。要特別注意作者在文章中的措詞，尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞；能結(jié)合自己平時(shí)積累的有關(guān)英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的文化傳統(tǒng)、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等背景知識(shí)來(lái)識(shí)別評(píng)價(jià)。典例： 2013年A篇 The day before his third trip to the operating room, Tom was terribly afraid. “Maybe I could go as Superman,” he whispered to his mom. Hearing this, the mother hesitated for a while. She had avoided buy

15、ing the expensive costume(戲裝), finally she agreed.27. What can be inferred about Toms mother?A. She was a rich lady B. She refused Toms requestC. She wanted Tom to be a superhero D. She wanted to get Tom through the pain解析. 答案是D 由第三段 Hearing this, the mother hesitated for a while. She had avoided bu

16、ying the expensive costume(戲裝), finally she agreed.可知，她并不富有，但最終還是同意了Tom的請(qǐng)求，為他購(gòu)買(mǎi)昂貴的戲裝，由此推斷，她是希望Tom能度過(guò)痛苦關(guān)。由had avoided buying the expensive costume可排除選項(xiàng)A；由finally she agreed可排除選項(xiàng)B；她同意為他購(gòu)買(mǎi)昂貴的戲裝其目的不是希望他真正成為超人，故排除選項(xiàng)C。4. 預(yù)測(cè)想象推理題：有些內(nèi)容文章中沒(méi)有明確說(shuō)明，要求考生根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇，對(duì)事件可能的結(jié)局或下段可能涉及的內(nèi)容等進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)推理。做這類題時(shí)應(yīng)把握作者的寫(xiě)作思路（如文章可能按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)

17、過(guò)描寫(xiě)，也可能按因果關(guān)系、對(duì)比關(guān)系來(lái)敘述），從而做出比較科學(xué)的、合情合理的預(yù)測(cè)。典例：2012年廣東高考模擬預(yù)測(cè)卷A篇 The city of Rome has passed a new to prevent cruelty to animals. All goldfish bowls are no longer allowed and dog owners must walk their dogs. 36. The new law passed in Rome will _A. help improve fishing environment B. guarantee better cond

18、itions for goldfishC. stop people from catching goldfish D. discourage keeping goldfish at home解析答案是B。文章第一段指出羅馬通過(guò)了一項(xiàng)新的法律，禁止對(duì)動(dòng)物的殘忍行為，不允許再用魚(yú)缸飼養(yǎng)金魚(yú)。由此可推斷，這項(xiàng)新的法律會(huì)確保金魚(yú)有更好的生存條件。5. 寫(xiě)作意圖推測(cè)題：此題型要求考生根據(jù)文章的論述，推測(cè)作者的寫(xiě)作意圖及運(yùn)用某種寫(xiě)作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陳述自己的意圖，而是通過(guò)文章所提供的事實(shí)和形象，客觀地使讀者信服某種想法或意見(jiàn)。這種題型要求同學(xué)們不但能理解文章的內(nèi)容，同時(shí)還要具備對(duì)作者闡述問(wèn)題的寫(xiě)作方法進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)和分析的能力。典例：2013年廣東卷A篇 Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear. Children know this very well. Fred Epstein, in his book If I Make It to Five, tells a story he heard from one of his friends about Tom, a four-year-