高考英語情態(tài)動詞知識梳理與精題分析

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上2009年高考英語情態(tài)動詞知識梳理與精題分析內(nèi)容解讀1準(zhǔn)確把握情態(tài)動本身的意義和用法。包括can, may, must, will, shall, would, should, could, ought to, might, dare, need等。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m2準(zhǔn)確把高考資源網(wǎng)握情態(tài)動詞的推測、判斷用法。3準(zhǔn)確把握情態(tài)動詞在虛擬語氣句子結(jié)構(gòu)中的使用。能力解讀1了解常見情態(tài)動詞的語法特征、語義特征及相互間的區(qū)別：2能夠根據(jù)上下文的意思來確定情態(tài)動詞的應(yīng)用。命題規(guī)律w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m1情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣在近幾年高考中均是重點

2、項目。根據(jù)對以上各題的分析，高考的熱點依次是： 推測和可能性；“情態(tài)動詞 + have done”結(jié)構(gòu)； 虛擬語氣； shall, should, can 和must 表示特定語氣。2試題的立意不偏不怪，但是有效信息越來越隱蔽，情景越來越生動、真實，考查角度越來越細(xì)微化、綜合化，而這些因素都增加了試題的難度。每年高考的單項填空部分必然有一道考查情態(tài)動詞的題目，這一點是不會動搖的。試題的特征不會有顯著變化，即：立意仍將不偏不怪，情景仍將逼近真實，設(shè)問角度仍將綜合化和細(xì)微化。突破方法1學(xué)習(xí)和掌握情態(tài)動詞的意義和用法，應(yīng)遵循如下步驟： 閱讀語法參考書，首先從整體上把握情態(tài)動詞的語法特征和語義特征；

3、逐個學(xué)習(xí)，了解每個情態(tài)動詞的用法特征； 認(rèn)真區(qū)別具有相同功能的、意思相近的情態(tài)動詞的用法； 收集大量真實的口語材料（如教材中的對話材料及聽力材料），在真實的實際情景中印證和領(lǐng)悟它們的用法特征。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m2解答情態(tài)動詞類的題目時，一定要細(xì)細(xì)領(lǐng)會情景特征，情景中沒有廢話，不要放過任何細(xì)節(jié)。只有這樣，才會找到足夠的有效信息，做出最佳選擇。3一定要將上面的提到的高考熱點落到實處，反復(fù)咀嚼，反復(fù)演練，確保精通。知識梳理梳理一 情態(tài)動詞的類型和特征一、情態(tài)動詞的類型1只作情態(tài)動詞用的有：must, can (could), may (might), ought to；2可作情態(tài)

4、動詞也可作實義動詞的有：need, dare (美語中常用作實義動詞)；3可作情態(tài)動詞也可作實義動詞的有：shall (should), will (would)；4具有情態(tài)動詞的某些特征的有：have (had) to, used to。二、情態(tài)動詞的特征w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m1有一定的詞義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，它們要和行為動詞或連續(xù)動詞連用，構(gòu)成謂語。2適用于主語的各各種人稱和數(shù)（have to 例外，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，要用has to）。如：We (He) must work hard. 我們（他）一定要努力工作。I have to walk home. 我得步行加家。

5、He has to walk home. 他得步行回家。3后面接原形動詞，即不帶to 的不定式（ought to, have to, used to 本身帶有to）。如：He may lose his way. 他可能迷路。You ought to obey the law. 你要遵守法律。 4具有助動詞的作用，即可用來構(gòu)成否定句、疑問句及用于簡明答語。如： I cant swim. Can you swim ? No, I cant, eighter. 我不會游泳，你會游泳嗎？ 我也不會。梳理二 情態(tài)動詞用法要點一、表能力（can, could, be able to, was / were

6、 able to, could have done）1can, be able to 可以用來表示現(xiàn)在的或“一般的能力”即你無論什么時間想做就能做到的能力。但前者比后者更普遍。例如： A computer cant think for itself; it must be told what to do. He is a native speaker of English, so he can of course speak English quite well. will be able to 用來表示將來的能力。例如： If you have a good sleep, you will

7、be able to work out this problem. 如果你睡個好覺，那么你就能做出這個試題。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m2表過去的能力時，could, was (were) able to 表示過去一般的能力，即不表示做與未做某事；was (were) able to 表示過去有能力并且成功地做了某事，相當(dāng)于managed to do something / succeeded in doing something; could have + 過去分詞表示過去有能力做但未做。例如： She could (was able to) sing like an angel

8、when she was a child. (一般的能力) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. （過去有能力并且成功地做了某事） I could have worked out the problem, but I didnt. (過去有能力但未做)二、表推測（可能性）1肯定句中，can 可以表示客觀的（理論的）可能性，并不涉及具體某事是否會發(fā)生，此種用法常?？梢哉f明人或事物的特征；要表達(dá)具體某事實際發(fā)生的可能性時，不可用can，須用could, may, might。

9、如：w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m A left luggage office is a place where bags can be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. 行李寄存處是尤其在車站，人們可以短期存放行李的地方。（客觀的可能性） Accident can happen on such rainy days. 這樣的天氣可能會發(fā)生事故。（客觀的可能性） Peter may come with us tonight, but he isnt sure yet. 彼竿今晚可能來我們這兒，但他還沒確定。（

10、實際可能性，不用can） We may go camping next Sunday. 下星期我們可能野營去。（實際可能性）2表示推測的情態(tài)動詞層次比較詞形肯定式否定式疑問句must必定，必然/will很可能，大概不會，不該會嗎？would可能性比will小語氣比wont 弱語氣比will弱should確定或可能有的未來或期待/ought to總應(yīng)該，理應(yīng)（含義同should）/can/不可能有可能嗎？could可疑的可能不可能語氣比can弱may或許，也許，也未可知，也說不定可能不/might比may還弱比may not還弱/注意：（1）表推測時，may, must常用于肯定句，一般不用于否

11、定句和疑問句。may not表示“可能不”；如果表達(dá)否定意義（“不可能”）或疑問意義，用can/could 的適當(dāng)形式。例如： Peter may come with us tonight, but he isnt sure yet. I thought you might like something to read, xo I have brought you some books. Are you coming to Jeffs party ? Im not sure. I might go to the concert instead. (表示可能不) Is John coming b

12、y train ? He should, but he may not. He likes driving his car. (表示可能不) Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony ? I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep. （2）would, could, should, might 并不一定與過去時間有關(guān)，而表示可能性弱于它們相應(yīng)的現(xiàn)在時形式。This cant be done by him

13、. 這不可能是他干的。This may not be done by him. 這可能不是他干的。Can this be done by him? 這可能是他干的嗎？（不可用may，還可以說Is this likely to be done by him ?）This could / may / might be done by him. 這件事有可能是他干的。（語氣依次遞減）He should be around sixty years old. 他可能60歲上下。He ought to be home by now. 他現(xiàn)在該到家了。（3）should 表推測時，表示確定或可能有的未來或期

14、望。例如： Its nearly seen oclock. Jack should be here at nay moment. When can I come for the photos ? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They should be ready by 12:00 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m三、表示請求、允許1當(dāng)對方是決策者時，你代表你自己（I, we），或代表第三者（he, she, they）向?qū)Ψ剑▂ou）征求意見或向?qū)Ψ秸埵?即主語是第一人稱、第三人稱），用shall，此外此種用法還可用May (Might) / Can

15、 (Could) I ? Can (Could) he /we ? 等句型；當(dāng)主語是第二人稱時，用Would / Will / Could / Can you ?例如： Shall we begin our class ? Shall the driver wait outside ? When shall my father be able to leave hospital ? Can / Could I leave now ? Would you do me a favor ?2當(dāng)你自己（I）是決策者，給對方（you）或第三者（he, she, they）以命令、警告、允諾或威脅時，要用

16、shall，此外當(dāng)宣布法律、規(guī)定時，也要用此用法。例如： Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. You shant have my compurter if you dont take care of it. It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. “The interest shall be divided into five part

17、s, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m3could / might, would 和should 的委婉功能 Could / Might I use your bike tomorrow morning ? Yes, you can / may. (否定：No, Im afraid not. )不可說：Yes, you could / might. 回答允許時，用could / might 表委婉是不恰當(dāng)?shù)?。You are mistaken, I sho

18、uld say. 要我說，你是搞錯了。I should advise you not to do that. 我倒是勸你別這樣做。Would you please take a message for him ?四、情態(tài)動詞其它用法要點（一）情態(tài)動詞可表示某一特定的語氣或態(tài)度1can 表示驚異、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度（主要用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中）。如：This cant be done by him. 這不可能是他做的。Can this be true ? 這會是真的嗎？How can you be so careless ! 你怎么這么粗心！2may 可以用于祈使句，表示祝愿。如：May

19、we never forget each other. 愿我們延彼此永不相忘。May you return in safety. 愿你平安歸來。3Why / How + should 結(jié)構(gòu)表示說話人對某事不能理解、感到意外、驚異等意思，譯為“竟會”。如：Why should you be so late today ? 你今天來得這么晚？I dont know why you should think that I did it. 我真不明白你憑什么認(rèn)為這件事是我干的。How should I know ? 我怎么會知道？（意為：我不知道。）4must 表示偏要、硬要做某事。例如： How o

20、ld are you, madam ? If you must know, Im twice my sons age. （二）注意以下四組表達(dá)的用法區(qū)別1Used ju: st to do sth. ; be used ju: zd to do sth. 和be / get used ju: st to doing sth. used to do sth. 表示“過去常常做某事”，隱含現(xiàn)在不這樣了，其中to 是不定式符號，后接動詞原形。如？：He used to get up at 5:00 in the morning. 否定句：He used not (usednt) to get up

21、at 5:00 in the morning. 疑問句：Used he to get up at 5:00 in the morning ?Did he use to get up at 5:00 in the morning ? be used to do sth. 表示“被用來做某事”。此結(jié)構(gòu)是被動語態(tài)，其中use 為實義動詞，意為“用，使用”。如：Bamboo is used to carry water. be / get used to doing sth. 表示“習(xí)慣于做某事”，其中to 為介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞。如：w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mAre you us

22、ed to the weather here ?I havent got used to having meals with chopsticks. 2表示“寧愿做某事”時，可使和下面這些句式：would rather do sth. would rather do sth. than do sth. would do sth. rather than do sth. would rather sb. did sth. prefer to do sth. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. prefer doing sth. to doing sth.

23、高考中對這類用法的考查主要側(cè)重結(jié)構(gòu)，因此要熟記其結(jié)構(gòu)。3used to 和would 的區(qū)別 在表示過去重復(fù)的習(xí)慣時，used to 可用would 代替。例如：He would take a walk near the forest in the evening. 以前，他晚間常在森林附近散步。He used to take a walk near the forest in the evening. （而現(xiàn)在已不在那里散步了） used to 強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的行為同現(xiàn)在的對比，含有“過去怎樣，而現(xiàn)在卻不這樣了”的含義；而would 則單純表示過去的習(xí)慣性動作，常與often, every day

24、 等連用。例如：He used to be a very strong man. 他以前是一個身體很強(qiáng)壯的人。（不可用would, 言下之意是：現(xiàn)在體質(zhì)差多了）She isnt what she used to be. 她跟過去不一樣了。（表示對比，不可用would ）We would sit in the yard every evening and listen to his story. 我們每天晚上坐在院子里，聽他講故事。（表示過去的重復(fù)性行為） 表示過去的狀態(tài)，只能用used to, 不可用would。例如：The used to be a park here. 以前這里有一個公園。

25、4注意區(qū)分情態(tài)動詞否定式表達(dá)的含義或許不，可能不：may not, might not 不可能：cannot, cant 不能夠：cant, cannot ( = be not able to)不許可：may not, cant, cannot, mustnt ( = be not allowed to)不必：neednt ( = dont have to )不應(yīng)該：shouldnt, oughtnt to ( = be not supposed to )（三）情態(tài)動詞的一些慣用法w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m1canot too / enough 表示“無論怎么也不過分”，“越越好”

26、。如：You cannot be too careful. 你越小心越好。You cannot remember enough English words. 你記的英語單詞越多越好。2cannot but + do sth. 表示“不是不，只好”。I cannot but admire your bravery. 我不得不欽佩你的勇氣。I could not but choose to go. 我只好去。3may well 和may as well 結(jié)構(gòu)“may well + 動詞原形”是一種常用結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“完全能，很可能”，相當(dāng)于to be very likely to。例如：He may

27、well be proud of his son. 他大可為兒子感到自豪。Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize her. 她的模樣變化太大，你很可能認(rèn)不出她了。“may as well + 動詞原形”意為“最好，滿可以，倒不如”，相當(dāng)于had better 或to have no strong reason not to。例如：You may as well stay here over the night. 你最好留在這里過夜。You may as well do it at once. 你最好馬

28、上就做這件事。We may as well stay where we are. 我們留在現(xiàn)在的地方倒也不錯。You may as well tell me the truth. 你還是把真相告訴我的好。（四）“情態(tài)動詞 + have done”用法一覽表情態(tài)動詞+完成式的用法Must have done表示對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的行為進(jìn)行推測，意為“想必/準(zhǔn)是/一定做了某事”。Canhave done Cannot have odone 表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的懷疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑問句。 Could have done 可用于肯定句中，表示“可能已經(jīng)”之意，此外，還可以表示過去沒有實現(xiàn)的可

29、能性，意為“本來可以”。may / might have done w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m表示對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生行為的推測，意為“也許/或許已經(jīng)（沒有）”。一般只用于肯定句或否定句中，不用于疑問句。用might則表示語氣更加不肯定。might have done表示“本來可能”，但實際上沒有發(fā)生的事。另外，還可以表示“本來應(yīng)該或可以做某事”之意，含有輕微的責(zé)備語氣。should / ought to have done 用于肯定句時，表示“本該做某事”，而實際上未做；用于否定句時，則表示不該做的事反而做了。neednt have done 表示做了本來不必去做的事，注意：didnt

30、 need to do 表示“沒必要做而實際上也沒有做某事”。Had better have done用于事后的建議，含輕微責(zé)備的口吻，意為“當(dāng)時最好做了某事”，其否定式had better not have done 表達(dá)相反的含義。Would rather have done 表示“當(dāng)時寧愿做了某事”，其否定式would rather not have done 表達(dá)相反含義，兩者都表示“后悔”之意。練習(xí)1. His failure in the experiment suggested that he _ his teachers proper instructions. A. shou

31、ld not have followed B. should not follow w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mC. mustnt have followed D. hadnt followed2. Thank you for giving me a hand. I _ in the experiment without your valuable help. A. have failed B. will fail C. would have failed D. must have failed 3. You can't imagine that a top student_

32、 have failed in the college entrance examination. A. might B. need C. should D. would4. Mummy, I have broken my train.一I told you so. You _ on it.A. mustn't have ridden B. couldn't rideC. shouldn't have ridden D. needn't ride5. 一Could you tell me what happed last night ?一I can't

33、go into detail now because it _ take too long. A. would B. should C. might D. could6. Whatever your parents_ you 一there isreal Santa Claus. And I should know, because Ive seen him myself !A. may tell B. could tell C. may have told D. must have told7. If I ever decided to quit, then nothing my parent

34、s or my coaches_ say_ change my mind. It's my life, not theirs. A. could; would B. could; shouldC. would; must D. would; should 8. Often, when he _ something that _ him, he wasted his time drawing some little pictures. A. should be doing; gaveB. should have been doing; was givenC. should do; was

35、 givenD. should have been doing; had given9. Why! I _ get you on the phone. We _ basketball on the playground when you phoned. A. didn't; must be playingB. couldn't; must be playingC. couldn't; must have playedD. didn't; must have been playing10. Recently quite a lot of experts _ tha

36、t another law on wildlife protection _ as soon as possible. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mA. suggested; must be passed B. have suggested; be passed C. were suggesting; was passed D. suggested; being passed11. They must have been enjoying themselves there, otherwise they _ so long.A. cant have stayed B. wouldnt

37、 have stayedC. neednt have stayed D. couldnt stay12. There's someone outside. Who it be ? It must be Mary. She promised to come over at 8: 00.A. must B. can C. shall D. need13. Lisa hasn't lived here for long. She _ know many people.A. neednt B. cant C. shouldnt D. didnt14. What's the ma

38、tter with the man hanging his head there? Well, if you _ know, he was caught stealing my bike. A. must B. may C. can D. shall15. What's the matter with Peter? He was seen crying when he was coming out of the teachers office. He _ by the teacher. A. may be scolded B. should have been scoldedC. mu

39、st be scolded D. must have been scolded16. How _ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article ?A. can B. must C. need D. may 17. You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers _ not like the design of the furniture. A. must B. shal

40、l C. may D. need 18. Isnt that Anns husband over there ? No, it _ be him Im sure he doesnt wear glasses. A. cant B. must not C. wont D. may not 19. Who is the girl standing over there ? w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m Well, if you _ know, her name is Mabel. A. may B. can C. must D. shall 20. Children under 12 y

41、ears of age in that country _ be under adult supervision when in a public library. A. must B. may C. can D. need 21. “The interest _ be divided into five parts, according to the adreement made by both sides,” declared the judge. A. may B. should C. must D. shall 22. Ill tell Mary about her new job t

42、omorrow. You _ her last week. A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told 23. I _ pay Tracy a visit, but Im not sure whether I will have time this Sunday. A. should B. might C. would D. could 24. I dont mind telling you what I know. You _. Im not asking you for it. A. mustnt

43、 B. may not C. cant D. neednt 25. Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. You _ have my computer if you dont take care of it. A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt 26. Excuse me, Is this the right way to the Summer Palace ? Sorry, I am not sure, but it _ be. A. might B. wi

44、ll C. must D. can 27. Mum, Ive been studying English since 8 oclock. _ I go out and play with tom for a while ? w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m No, Im afraid not. Besides, its raining outside now. A. Cant B. Wouldnt C. May not D. Wont 28. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _ report it to the

45、 police ?A. should B. may C. will D. can 29. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. A. should have arrived B. should arriveC. should have had arrived D. should be arriving 30. You _ be tired youve only been working for an hour. A. must not B. wont C. cant D. may not 答案：1、D句意：試驗的失

46、敗表明他沒有遵循老師的指令。suggest表示“建議”之意時，從句用should+動詞原形表示虛擬；表示“暗示、表明”之意時，不用虛擬語氣。這里的suggest應(yīng)為后者之意，故排除A、B兩項。mustnt +動詞原形表示禁止做某事，不合題意。2、C考查含蓄條件句。該句用介詞短語表達(dá)條件，即：I would have failed in the experiment without your valuable help.=I would have failed in the experiment if I hadnt got your valuable help.如果沒有你寶貴的幫助，我本會實驗

47、失敗的。3、C情態(tài)動詞should在此表示吃驚、懷疑的語氣，譯為“竟然會”。句意：你無法想像一個成績優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生竟然沒有通過大學(xué)入考試。4、C shouldnt have+過去分詞表示過去本不該做某事而做了。根據(jù)題意，媽媽在責(zé)備兒子本不該騎在（玩具）火車上玩。如查表示對過情況的推測，應(yīng)將A改為must have ridden.5、A根據(jù)答話人說：我現(xiàn)在不能細(xì)講，因為可能要花很長時間。由此可知這里考查情態(tài)動詞表推測。would此處不表時態(tài)，表示可能性弱于will的推測。should表示理應(yīng)；might, could表示較小的可能性，均不符合題意。6、C句意：不管你們的父母曾經(jīng)是怎么告訴你們的總之，

48、真的是以圣誕老人。我當(dāng)然知道，因為我曾親肯見到過他。表示對過去可能性進(jìn)行推測。而非肯定推測，故用may have done結(jié)構(gòu)。7、A該題考查虛擬條件句。句意：如果我決定放棄，無論父母和教練說什么，都不能改變我的想法。因為這是我的人生，不是他們的。根據(jù)“If+ 主語+動詞的過去式，主句+should/would+動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)，排除C項；主句的主語為 nothing(第三人稱)，并帶有一定語從句，故應(yīng)用would+動詞原形，排除B、D。8、B根據(jù)第二空先行詞something 和定語從句謂語動詞give之間為被動關(guān)系，故排除A、D。句意：他經(jīng)常是在本應(yīng)該做那些分配給他的工作的時候，把

49、時間浪費(fèi)在畫畫上。題干中的時間住處為過去時，故應(yīng)為本應(yīng)該做某事，排除C項。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m9、D解題的關(guān)鍵在第二空。must be doing表示對目前下在發(fā)生的情況的推測，而根據(jù)題干的時間提示 when you phoned，可知是談虎色變論過去情況，因此排除A、B現(xiàn)兩項。must have done 表示對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的行為進(jìn)行推測；must have been doing表示對過去正在進(jìn)行的動作推測。句意：你打電話來的時候，我們一定在在操場打藍(lán)球呢。由此判定答案為D。10、B suggest表示“建議”之意時，賓語從句用shoud+ 動詞原形進(jìn)行虛擬，should可以省略。句意：近來，許多專家建議應(yīng)盡快通過關(guān)于野生動物保護(hù)的又一項法規(guī)。11、B They must hve been en