中等職業(yè)學(xué)校專(zhuān)業(yè)設(shè)置管理辦法(試行)

1、the party'sfine styl e,carryforwar d thetraditi onal Chi nese virtue s,pra ctici ng theSocialist coreval ues, vigor ouslycarryforward t hespirit ofJiaoYul u, Hongqi Cana cha ngeinto.Lear ningtotea chE ducationinor dertosolve theproblem,ifitdoes notsolvet hepr oblem, itw illform,goest hroug hthe

2、moti ons.To strengt hen t he一.-一-.一.一 - - II . . -I -一.一.- . L . I .1.11 一 . 一 . I - - 一 一 1 I ction.Bt omakechange.For che ckputofproblem,through established re ctification Taiwanaccount, andtake special supervision,a nd on anesty in politics,strict statesma n,sti cktothe spiritua lheig htsofthe Co

3、mmunind insisted on problem-oriente d, problem -solvi ng learningeducati on fortracti on,tr .I - - 一.- . a ccount PIN,approach, insisteddo side lear nsi demodifie d,and that knowthatmodified,whilefocusests.Four to dev otion,as,doulydeepinve stigation intodon put"two learnado"leaplayarole i

4、 n qualifying.Official Communist duty. To fulfilltheparty'spurpose ,maintainforthe pe oplet hemselve s,and de dicati on, devotion,maintai npi onee r, pioneering a nd enterprisi ngntochange,m odificati on.A checked swing. Lear ning e ducation programmeforparty -buildi ng in ourcity a ctually prop

5、ose dtofocus onsoluti on offuzzy ideals a ndbeliefswaver, consciousne ss, pur p - -I_.- - - - -.-. . ill. L. L - - - - I > 一 .II - - 一 -.一. 一o"learning egrasppartyof massline e ducationpractice activities and"three strictthre ereal" topic education problem rectification combi ned u

6、p,consolidati on expanded ha s made ofrectification results, str onglycorrectebuti ons.The i ncentivefunctionofparty orga neaware ness i snotstrong,de presse- d"forofficernotfor",and Chiad,sixi snizationsatalllevels shoul d givefull playtoa dvance i ssues ofethi calmisconduct studycontents

7、 specific - 一 一 - ndendle ss corre cted "fourwind", a ndregulation massesside ofah a representative,advanceda ndtypicalofthetimes,and guide the broad ma sses ofparty memberstoemulate.ng ca dres a bove thecountylevelshallfocusonfurtherrefinement to the problems. Specific tIn honor ofthe95an

8、niversaryoffoundingasa n opportunity to awardio every partymemberand ev ery cadre ,alsore quire sa combination- .一一 -I II 一 一-.一-nts.Formore public,somepartymembers whofocus on thenrecognitionofa numberofoutstandi ng party members'advance d grass -roots partyorga nizations, outsta ndi ngpartywor

9、kers,and put t he pi oneertree s.Third,the"reform" efforts forexample, besuretoofactual and controlle d, focuse d andre allyput yourselfin, people see thi ngs,see, wit h theirownspe cificpr oblemst olearn Constituti on Partyr ules,series,a ddress,sopre cisi on tofind the problem,layinga- 一

10、 II - - - . L 中等職業(yè)學(xué)校專(zhuān)業(yè)設(shè)置管理辦法（試行）第一章總 則第一條 為進(jìn)一步規(guī)范和完善中等職業(yè)學(xué)校專(zhuān)業(yè)設(shè)置管理，引導(dǎo)中等職業(yè)學(xué)校依法自主設(shè)置專(zhuān)業(yè)，促進(jìn)人才培養(yǎng)質(zhì)量和辦學(xué)水平的提高，根據(jù)中華人民共和國(guó)職業(yè)教育法和有關(guān)規(guī)定，制定本辦法。第二條 中等職業(yè)學(xué)校專(zhuān)業(yè)設(shè)置要以科學(xué)發(fā)展觀為指導(dǎo)，堅(jiān)持以服務(wù)為宗旨，以就業(yè)為導(dǎo)向，適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展、科技進(jìn)步，特別是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整升級(jí)的需要，適應(yīng)各地、各行業(yè)對(duì)生產(chǎn)、服務(wù)一線高素質(zhì)勞動(dòng)者和技能型人才培養(yǎng)的需要，適應(yīng)學(xué)生職業(yè)生涯發(fā)展的需要。第三條 國(guó)家鼓勵(lì)中等職業(yè)學(xué)校設(shè)置符合國(guó)家重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)、新興產(chǎn)業(yè)和區(qū)域支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)、特色產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展需求以及就

11、業(yè)前景良好的專(zhuān)業(yè)。第四條 中等職業(yè)學(xué)校依照相關(guān)規(guī)定要求，可自主開(kāi)設(shè)、調(diào)整和停辦專(zhuān)業(yè)。第五條 中等職業(yè)學(xué)校設(shè)置專(zhuān)業(yè)應(yīng)以教育部發(fā)布的中等職業(yè)學(xué)校專(zhuān)業(yè)目錄（以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)目錄）為基本依據(jù)。第六條 各地和中等職業(yè)學(xué)校應(yīng)做好專(zhuān)業(yè)建設(shè)規(guī)劃，優(yōu)化資源配置和專(zhuān)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)學(xué)校辦學(xué)條件和區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)情況設(shè)置專(zhuān)業(yè)，ectificationand strengtheningthemanageme ntof dailye ducation,the spiritofreform shortofthe completesystem,payclose attentionto systemimplementation,really

12、make thepartyorganization and partymembereducationand strictmanagement,solid.Fi nall y,the "urge" work on the lead,besuretopromoteefficie ncy. "Two"educati on, noton educati one ducati onal,notw orkingwit hthe Centre two,muststickar oundthe Cente r,servi ng the overallsituati on,

13、 coordi nate,trulyresult-ori ented a nd promoteefficie ncy.Currentandfuture a period,totightly ar ound coor dinati on a dvance"foura full"strategy layout,winning fullbuiltsociety thisa ce ntraland work ov erall,put carried out lear ning education as pr omotedw ork ofimportant opportunities

14、 a nd powerf ulpower,g uide General membersca dresinsisted developmentfirst pri ority,a ctiveadapte d economicdevelopmentnew normal,consci ouslypracti celi ne five big devel opmentconcept, effective graspsupply si destructural reform,toguarantees and impr oved liveli hood, constructionthe party'

15、sfine styl e,carryforwar d thetraditi onal Chi nese virtue s,pra ctici ng theSocialist coreval ues, vigor ouslycarryforward t hespirit ofJiaoYul u, Hongqi Canal spirit a ndspirit ofpersistence,honesty inpolitics,strict statesman,sti cktothespiritua lheig htsofthe Communists.Four to dev otion,as,do p

16、layarole i n qualifying.OfficialCommunist duty.ofulf illtheparty's purpose ,maintainforthe people t hemselve s,and de dicati on, devotion,maintai npi onee r, pioneering a nd enterprisi ng spirit,activeatthe well-offextra practice,make contributi ons.The i ncentivefunctionofparty organizationsata

17、lllevels sh oul d givefull playtoa dvanced models,establish are presentative,a dvanceda ndtypicalofthetimes,and guide the broad ma sses ofparty memberstoemulate. In honor ofthe95a nniversary offoundingasa n opportunity to awardinrecognitionofa numberofoutstandi ng party members'advance d grass -

18、roots partyorga nizations, outsta ndi ngpartyworkers,and put t he pi oneertree s.Third,the"reform" efforts forexample, besuretocha ngeinto.Lear ningtotea chE ducationinor dertosolve theproblem,ifitdoes notsolvet hepr oblem, itw illform,goest hroug hthe moti ons.Tostrengt hen t he conscious

19、ness ofproblems a nd insisted on problem-oriente d, problem -solvi ng learningeducati on fortracti on,tr ulydeepinve stigation intochange,m odificati on.A checked swing. Lear ning e ducation programmeforparty-building in ourcity a ctually propose dtofocus onsoluti on offuzzy ideals a ndbeliefswaver,

20、 consciousne ss, pur pose ofthepartyweaksense,honestyand self-discipli neaware ness i snotstrong,de presse d,sixi ssues ofethi calmisconduct studycontents specific programmes for all party membersand leading ca dres a bove thecountylevelshallfocusonf urtherrefineme nt to the problems.Specifict o eve

21、ry partymemberand ev ery cadre ,alsore quire sa combination ofactual and controlle d, focuse d andre allyputyourselfin, people see thi ngs,see, wit h theirownspe cificpr oblemst olearn Constituti on Partyr ules,series,a ddress,sopre cisi on tofind the problem,layingasolidfoundation forfurthercorrect

22、iveaction.Bt omakecha nge.For che ckput ofproblem,through esta blished re ctification Taiwa naccount, a ndtake special supervisi on,a nd on a ccount PIN,approach, insisteddo side lear nsi demodifie d,and that knowthatmodified,whilefocuse don put "two learn ado" learning education rectifica

23、tionwithgrasp partyofmass line e ducation practice activitie s and"thre e strictthre ereal" topic e ducation problem rectification combi ned up, consolidati on expa nde d ha s made ofrectificati on results, str onglycorrecte d"forofficernotfor",and Chiandendle ss corre cted "

24、;fourwi nd", a ndregulation ma ssesside ofa buse s,ensurew ork adva nce mor e pow erful,and pr oblemsoluti on more compl etely.T hird,w emustconsolidate our a chieveme nts. Formore public,som e partymembers whofocus on theoutsta ndi ng issues, combi ning conce ntrated避免專(zhuān)業(yè)盲目設(shè)置和重復(fù)建設(shè)。第七條 國(guó)務(wù)院教育行政部門(mén)

25、負(fù)責(zé)全國(guó)中等職業(yè)學(xué)校專(zhuān)業(yè)設(shè)置的宏觀指導(dǎo)，制定并定期修訂目錄。行業(yè)主管部門(mén)負(fù)責(zé)本行業(yè)領(lǐng)域中等職業(yè)學(xué)校相關(guān)專(zhuān)業(yè)設(shè)置的指導(dǎo)工作。第八條 省級(jí)教育行政部門(mén)負(fù)責(zé)本行政區(qū)域中等職業(yè)學(xué)校專(zhuān)業(yè)設(shè)置的統(tǒng)籌管理。市 （地）、 縣級(jí)教育行政部門(mén)管理中等職業(yè)學(xué)校專(zhuān)業(yè)設(shè)置的職責(zé)由各?。▍^(qū)、市）自行確定。第二章設(shè)置條件第九條 中等職業(yè)學(xué)校設(shè)置專(zhuān)業(yè)須具備以下條件：（一）依據(jù)國(guó)家有關(guān)文件規(guī)定制定的、符合專(zhuān)業(yè)培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)的完整的實(shí)施性教學(xué)計(jì)劃和相關(guān)教學(xué)文件；（二） 開(kāi)設(shè)專(zhuān)業(yè)必需的經(jīng)費(fèi)和校舍、儀器設(shè)備、實(shí)習(xí)實(shí)訓(xùn)場(chǎng)所，以及圖書(shū)資料、數(shù)字化教學(xué)資源等基本辦學(xué)條件；（三）完成所開(kāi)設(shè)專(zhuān)業(yè)教學(xué)任務(wù)所必需的教師隊(duì)伍、教學(xué)輔助人員和相關(guān)行業(yè)、企業(yè)

26、兼職專(zhuān)業(yè)教師；（四） 具有中級(jí)以上專(zhuān)業(yè)技術(shù)職務(wù)（職稱(chēng)） 、 從事該專(zhuān)業(yè)教學(xué)的專(zhuān)業(yè)教師，行業(yè)、企業(yè)兼職教師應(yīng)保持相對(duì)穩(wěn)定。各地應(yīng)根據(jù)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展實(shí)際，結(jié)合專(zhuān)業(yè)特點(diǎn)，進(jìn)一步明ectificationand strengtheningthemanageme ntof dailye ducation,the spiritofreform shortofthecomplete system,payclose attentionto systemimplementation,rea lly make thepartyorganizationand partymember education a nds

27、tri ct management ,soli d.Finally,t he"urge"workonthe lead,be sure to promoteefficie ncy. "Two"educati on, noton educationeducational,not w orkingwit hthe Centretwo,muststick around theCente r,servi ng theoverall situation,coor dinate,tr ulyresult -orie ntedand pr omoteefficiency

28、. Curre ntand future a peri od,totightly around coordinationadvance"foura full"strategy layout,winningfullbuilt societythisa centraland work overall,put carried out lear ning educati ona spromote dwork ofimportantopportunities andpowerful powe r,gui de Ge neralmembers cadre s insi sted dev

29、e lopme ntfirstpriority, active adapted economi c devel opment newnormal, consci ouslypracti celinefive big devel opmentconce pt,effectivegraspsupply sidestructural reform,toguarantees a nd impr oved liveli hood,constructionbined4more high e col ogicalvitality ha ppi ness ofcity. Lastyea r,we carry

30、out"three -three" activitie s as a"three -three"speci aleducation important,find educationand effective platform to facilitate thecombinationofwork.Referencethisa goodpracti ces,provincial,a nd munici pal deci ded in "tw olearna do" learni ng education int he carrie d o

31、ut "five checkfivepromoting", the County Distri ctunit sto insi sted put"twolearna do"lear ning educati on and "fivecheckfive prom oting" organi cfusion,a ndcommon a dvan ce,doone pla n layout,and oneorgani zation im plementati on, put carrie d out "two learn a do&

32、quot;situati on, a nd "fivecheckfive promoting" situati onas partyworkeval uationofimportant Content, asa n importa ntaspect ofmutualevaluation on partymember s,testing as a n importa ntbasi sforleadi ngbodies a nd lea ding cadres' performance andgui de the broad masses of partymembers

33、 and cadre s to studyeducation opensupto themaineconomi cand socialdevelopment.At present,theoverallsmoothe conomic operati on in our city, butdownwardpre ssureis still high,face d a numberofchalle nges andtests.M eanw hile, coi nci des wit h thecit y, Countyand townshippartycommitteest his year gen

34、erale lecti onyear, howtoreallychoose loyal,clea nand servesa s agoodca dre,irondiscipli neofGe neralFeng Qing Qi, Qi, QiShun,swa ppe doutPowerfulg oodsituati on,is area ltestforallofus.Generalwork on "tw o" to studyt heeffect ofeducation inspection,if thetrueseri es ofpartyrule s and Cons

35、tituti on speak s wellandtruly becomeaqualifiedparty membe r, nat urallyweca ndealwit hadva nce a ndretreat left turn treatment,proper organi zational arrangement s andsele ction, propertreatmentofpersonalinterests.o put carried out"twolear na do"lear ning e ducation withdo reform devel op

36、mentsta blethe w orkcombined up,and seriouslydo Center w ork,and da ilyand job com bine d up,and guar antee s improv ed livelihood,andpr omote socialharmony combined up,a nd completethe party'sfine styl e,carryforwar d thetraditi onal Chi nese virtue s,pra ctici ng theSocialist coreval ues, vigo

37、r ouslycarryforward t hespirit ofJiaoYul u, Hongqi Canal spirit a ndspirit ofpersistence,honesty in politics,strict statesma n,sti cktothe spiritua lheig htsofthe Communicha ngeinto.Lear ningtotea chE ducationinor dertosolve theproblem,ifitdoes notsolvet hepr oblem, itw illform,goest hroug hthe moti

38、 ons.To strengt hen t he consciousness ofproblems a nd insisted on problem-oriente d, problem -solvi ng learningeducati on fortracti on,tr一.-一-.一.一 - - II . . -I -一.一.- . L . I .1.11 一 .一 . I_- - - 一 一 1 I _I 一一 一 一一 _ - I L _ . .I - - 一.- . ction.Bt omakechange.For che ckputofproblem,through establ

39、ished re ctification Taiwanaccount, andtake special supervision,a nd on aa ccount PIN,approach, insisteddo side lear nsi demodifie d,and that knowthatmodified,whilefocusests.Four to dev otio n,as,doulydeepinve stigation intodon put"two learnado"leaas,do playarole i n qualifying.Official Co

40、mmunist duty. To fulfilltheparty'spurpose ,intochange,m odificati on.A checked swing. Lear ning e ducat ion programmeforparty-buildi一 - -I_.- - - - - Io"learning egrasppartyof massline e ducatione ,maintainforthe pe oplet hemselve s,and de dicati on, devotion,maintai npi onee r, pioneering

41、a nd enterprisi ng ng in ourcity a ctually propose dtofocus onsoluti on offuzzy ideals a ndbeliefswaver, consciousne ss, pur p一.-. . ill. L. L - - - - I > 一 .II - - 一 -.一. 一practice activities and"three strictthre ereal" topic education problem rectification combi ned up,consolidati on

42、expanded ha s made ofrectification results, str onglycorrectebuti ons.The i ncentivefunctionofparty orga neaware ness i snotstrong,de presse- d"forofficernotfor",and Chiad,sixi snizationsatalllevels shoul d givefull playto dvance i ssues ofethi calmisconduct studycontents specific - 一 一 -

43、ndendle ss corre cted "fourwind", a ndregulation massesside ofarresapnrdesleenatdaitive,abuses,ensurew ork advadvanceda ndtypicalofthetimes,and guing ca dres a bove thecountylevel- 一 一nce mor e pow erful,and problemsolution morede the broad ma sses ofparty memberstoemulate. In honor ofthe9

44、5a nniversary offoundingasa n opportunity to awardinrecognitionofa numberofoutstandi ng party members'advance d grass -roots partyorga nizations, outsta ndi ngpartyworkers,and put t he pi oneertree s.Third,the"reform" efforts forexample, besuretoshallfocusonf urtherrefineme nt to the p

45、roblems. Specific to every partymemberand ev ery cadre ,alsore quire sa combination ofactual and controlle d, focuse d andre allyput yourselfin, people see thi ngs,see, wit h theirownspe cificpr oblemst olearn Constituti on Partyr ules,series,a ddress,sopre cisi on tofind the problem,layinga. IL. IL

46、.- 一 - I _ -.一一 -I II 一 一-.一一- - II - - - . L completely.T hird,w emustconsolidateour a chieveme nts.Formore public,somepartymembers whofocus on the確上述基本條件的相關(guān)細(xì)化指標(biāo)，使專(zhuān)業(yè)設(shè)置條件要求具體化。第十條 各地教育行政部門(mén)在審查、備案新設(shè)專(zhuān)業(yè)時(shí)，應(yīng)優(yōu)先考慮有相關(guān)專(zhuān)業(yè)建設(shè)基礎(chǔ)的學(xué)校；中等職業(yè)學(xué)校設(shè)置專(zhuān)業(yè)應(yīng)注重結(jié)合自身的專(zhuān)業(yè)優(yōu)勢(shì)，重點(diǎn)建設(shè)與學(xué)校分類(lèi)屬性相一致的專(zhuān)業(yè)，以利于辦出特色，培育專(zhuān)業(yè)品牌。第三章設(shè)置程序第十一條中等職業(yè)學(xué)校設(shè)置專(zhuān)業(yè)應(yīng)遵循以下

47、程序：（1） 開(kāi)展行業(yè)、企業(yè)、就業(yè)市場(chǎng)調(diào)研，做好人才需求分析和預(yù)測(cè)；（2） 進(jìn)行專(zhuān)業(yè)設(shè)置必要性和可行性論證；（3） 根據(jù)國(guó)家有關(guān)文件規(guī)定，制定符合專(zhuān)業(yè)培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)的完整的實(shí)施性教學(xué)計(jì)劃和相關(guān)教學(xué)文件；（4） 經(jīng)相關(guān)行業(yè)、企業(yè)、教學(xué)、課程專(zhuān)家論證；（5） 征求相關(guān)部門(mén)意見(jiàn)，報(bào)教育行政部門(mén)備案。第十二條中等職業(yè)學(xué)校開(kāi)設(shè)目錄內(nèi)專(zhuān)業(yè)，須經(jīng)學(xué)校主管部門(mén)同意，報(bào)省級(jí)教育行政部門(mén)備案；開(kāi)設(shè)目錄外專(zhuān)業(yè)，須經(jīng)省級(jí)教育行政部門(mén)備案后試辦，按國(guó)家有關(guān)規(guī)定進(jìn)行管理。第十三條中等職業(yè)學(xué)校開(kāi)設(shè)醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生、公安司法、教育類(lèi)等國(guó)家控制專(zhuān)業(yè)，應(yīng)嚴(yán)格審查其辦學(xué)資質(zhì)。開(kāi)設(shè)“保安” 、 “學(xué)前教育”專(zhuān)業(yè)以及“農(nóng)村醫(yī)學(xué)”、 “中醫(yī)”等醫(yī)學(xué)類(lèi)

48、專(zhuān)業(yè)， 應(yīng)當(dāng)符合相關(guān)行業(yè)主管部門(mén)規(guī)ectificationand strengtheningthemanageme ntof dailye ducation,the spiritofreform shortofthecomplete system,payclose attentionto systemimplementation,rea lly make thepartyorganizationand partymember education a ndstri ct management ,soli d.Finally,t he"urge"workonthe lead,

49、be sure to promoteefficie ncy. "Two"educati on, noton educationeducational,not w orkingwit hthe Centretwo,muststick around theCente r,servi ng theoverall situation,coor dinate,tr ulyresult -orie ntedand pr omoteefficiency. Curre ntand future a peri od,totightly around coordinationadvance&q

50、uot;foura full"strategy layout,winningfullbuilt societythisa centraland work overall,put carried out lear ning educati ona spromote dwork ofimportantopportunities andpowerful powe r,gui de Ge neralmembers cadre s insi sted deve lopme ntfirstpriority, active adapted economi c devel opment newnor

51、mal, consci ouslypracti celinefive bigdevel opmentconce pt,effectivegraspsupply sidestructural reform,toguarantees a nd impr oved liveli hood,constructionmore high e col ogicalvitality ha ppi ness ofcity. Lastyea r,wecarry out"three -three" activitie s as a"three -three"speci ale

52、ducation important,find educationand effective platform to facilitate thecombinationofwork.Referencethisa goodpracti ces,provincial,a nd munici pal deci ded in "tw olearn ado"learni ng education int he carrie d out "five checkfivepromoting", the CountyDistri ctunit sto insistedpu

53、t "twolearnado"lear ning educati on and "fivecheckfive prom oting" organi cfusion,a ndcommon a dvance,doonepla n layout,and oneorgani zation im plementati on, put carrie d out "two learn a do"situati on, a nd "fivecheckfive promoting" situati ona s partyworkev

54、al uationofimportant Content, asa n importa ntaspect ofmutualevaluation on partymembers,testingas a n importa ntbasi sforleadi ngbodies a nd lea ding cadres' performance andgui de the broad masses of partymembers and cadre s to studyeducation opensupto themaineconomi cand socialdevelopment.At pr

55、esent,theoverallsmoothe conomic operati on in our city, butdownwardpre ssureis still high,face d a numberofchalle nges andtests.M eanw hile, coi nci des wit h thecit y, Countyand townshippartycommitteest his year generale lecti onyear, howtoreallychoose loyal,clea nand servesa s agoodca dre,irondisc

56、ipli neofGe neralFeng Qing Qi, Qi, QiShun,swa ppe doutPowerfulg oodsituati on,is area ltestforallofus.Generalwork on "tw o" to studyt heeffect ofeducation inspection,if thetrueseri es ofpartyrule s and Constituti on speak s wellandtruly becomeaqualifiedparty membe r, nat urallyweca ndealwi

57、t hadva nce a ndretreat left turn treatment,proper organi zational arrangement s andsele ction, propertreatmentofpersonalinterests.o put carried out"twolear na do"lear ning e ducation withdo reform devel opmentsta blethe w orkcombined up,and seriouslydo Center w ork,and da ilyand job com b

58、ine d up,and guarantee s improv ed livelihood, andpr omote socialharmony combined up,a nd complete d thetask combi nedthe party'sfine styl e,carryforwar d thetraditi onal Chi nese virtue s,pra ctici ng theSocialist coreval ues, vigor ouslycarryforward t hespirit ofJiaoYul u, Hongqi Canal spirit a ndspirit ofpersistence,honesty inpolitics,strict statesman,sti cktothespiritua lheig htsofthe Communists.Four to dev otion,as,do playarole i n qualifying.OfficialCommunist duty.ofulf illtheparty's purpose ,maintainforthe people t hemselv