考研英語長(zhǎng)難句經(jīng)典總結(jié)長(zhǎng)短句ok啦、

1、W文都教育考研英語長(zhǎng)難句輔導(dǎo)講義化繁為簡(jiǎn)一破解英語長(zhǎng)難句一 長(zhǎng)難句基本句型特征考研英語長(zhǎng)難句的是如何構(gòu)成的？命題人員在英語原文基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行改造時(shí)，主要從結(jié)構(gòu)上通過四 種方式來使句子更加復(fù)雜：1、復(fù)合從句2、成分省略3、使用插入成分4、改變句序這四種方式往往相互結(jié)合，形成錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的句子，即混合型句子。目的是提高難度，增強(qiáng)干擾， 打斷和打亂考生的思維，從而達(dá)到檢驗(yàn)考生閱讀能力和的目標(biāo)。下面分別對(duì)這四種方式進(jìn)行解析。我們要時(shí)刻牢記的一點(diǎn)是，考試中的長(zhǎng)難句絕大多數(shù)為主謂賓或主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，其它成分都是圍繞 這三個(gè)主要成分其中之一。這就是所有長(zhǎng)難句的核心和本質(zhì)。必須牢記。最常見的是圍繞主語和賓語（表語）我們要

2、根據(jù)這些次要成分的位置和字面意義來推測(cè)它們和主 干意群的邏輯關(guān)系。在切分意群時(shí)，意群的大小根據(jù)自己實(shí)際理解能力來分解。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就是看一眼就能 理解的信息（短語或者句子）。經(jīng)過訓(xùn)練后，我們看一眼就能把握的意群會(huì)越來越多，從而完成從菜鳥 到“大蝦”的轉(zhuǎn)變。請(qǐng)看下面例句：The fact that these people live near famous caves, which contain vivid paintings from Europe? early humans, leads him to the conclusion that they are extremely likely to

3、 be the most direct relatives of the first modern humans in Europe, who supposedly migrated from Africa. （46 words）我們需要做的就是把句子意群切開，化繁為簡(jiǎn)，分而治之。目前大多數(shù)同學(xué)會(huì)看到后面的信息就 忘掉前面的信息，一句話反復(fù)讀，但總理不清頭緒，浪費(fèi)大量時(shí)間。通過訓(xùn)練，我們將學(xué)會(huì)如何快速解開錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的意群，避免信息雜亂無章，清晰地把握句子的含 義。在這里強(qiáng)調(diào)，在初級(jí)階段一定要?jiǎng)邮肿鰳?biāo)記，不邁岀這一步，我們會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)停留在看到長(zhǎng)難句就頭 腦混亂直到短路的階段。整個(gè)處理過程是從點(diǎn)到線再到

4、面的，也就是要求我們必須按照信息的復(fù)雜程度來處理。即單詞意群 句子。萬萬不能嘗試一下子理解或者翻譯全句。再次強(qiáng)調(diào)一下，理解句子不同于做翻譯題。一、復(fù)合從句在考研中，復(fù)合從句中的從句最常見的是定語從句。此類句子就像一棵信息樹，樹上生枝，枝上 生杈，杈上生葉。必須找岀樹的主干從哪里分岀枝，枝上哪里分杈，依此類推。只要抓住句子的各個(gè) 連接點(diǎn)，就能理岀句子層次，才能完全把握整個(gè)句子。遇到長(zhǎng)難句時(shí)，需要根據(jù)題型來決定處理的深度。如果是閱讀理解通讀文章時(shí)，抓大放小，抓主 放次。即抓住主謂賓或主系表。如果是閱讀理解問題相關(guān)句，需要快速羅列理順主次意群，如果是翻 譯，則需要進(jìn)一步處理意群的順序，潤(rùn)色漢語的選詞

5、。如果從句長(zhǎng)，可以借助漢語的代詞來加快理解過程。尤其是連續(xù)岀現(xiàn)的從句里套從句，可以反復(fù)利用這些漢語代詞做節(jié)點(diǎn)，這樣就能很快理清思路。后面會(huì)有詳細(xì)講解。二、成分省略句子成分省略是為了避免重復(fù)?？佳兄幸话汶y度大的省略不是主語和謂語的語法省略，而是為了某種具體表達(dá)目的省略。在這里列岀一些岀現(xiàn)頻率高的類型。要求我們必須根據(jù)上下文判斷并補(bǔ)充省略的成分，否則理解句子時(shí)可能漏掉重要信息。例 1: It is quite uneasy not to be able to see or to establish contact with the others, even though we have learn

6、t to talk with people we can not see, as on the telephone.意群直譯：很不自在，看不見也無法直接聯(lián)系對(duì)方，即使我們已學(xué)會(huì)跟看不見的人交談，就好像打電話一樣。例 2: In their hearts, women think it is men ? business to earn money and theirs to spend i if possible during their husband?; life, but, at any rate, after his death.意群直譯：女人們從心底認(rèn)為：掙錢是男人的事情，她們只管花

7、錢一一如果可能，在丈夫活著的時(shí)候花；但，（實(shí)在不行的話），那就在丈夫去世后再花。三、使用插入成分插入語和同位語都是常見的插入成分，一般為主謂結(jié)構(gòu)、介賓結(jié)構(gòu)、或名詞短語。插入成分使句子主要成分（主謂賓或主系表）直接的聯(lián)系被切斷，（如真題中頻繁在主謂之間插入干擾成分）。因而句子的信息連貫性遭到破壞，干擾了考生獲取信息的思路，從而使考生無法順利理解句子。插入成分為主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)候，一般都是“sb say/reason/sugges這種格式，（閱讀理解文章不必理會(huì)，做翻譯時(shí)需要前置到句首）。插入成分是介賓結(jié)構(gòu)可以同樣處理。定語從句和分詞做定語時(shí)，如果岀現(xiàn)在主謂之間也可以看作是插入語。插入成分時(shí)同位語時(shí)，

8、閱讀理解不需細(xì)讀，考研閱讀不會(huì)考查這些成分的信息。牢記一切從簡(jiǎn)的原則。翻譯句子中岀現(xiàn)才需要考慮。1、 第一種情況：插入成分做主語的同位語。這經(jīng)常是一些人物的身份或姓名，非限制性定語從句，但從邏輯上都是為了主語（或其它名詞性句子成分）服務(wù)的。經(jīng)常岀現(xiàn)這樣的句子：注意下劃線的部分。例 1: Frank Smith, Professor of the Economics Department, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Nowhere University, discovered that 例 2: Nancy Dubler, director of Monte

9、fiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who例 3: Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada.2、第二種情況：插入成分做主語的定語Those people，unaware of what is happening in

10、 society today, may be surprised to learn that few academic philosophers study death, happiness and so on.意群直譯：（那些人）不知道當(dāng)今社會(huì)正在發(fā)生的事，（可能會(huì)吃驚）。3、第三種情況：插入成分做其它名詞同位語Most experts see in this a paradox - an endless conflict between the desire to conform and the desire to remain apart意群直譯：不斷的沖突，在從眾的欲望和試圖保持獨(dú)立的

11、欲望之間。四、改變語序考研長(zhǎng)難句改變語序，通常是倒裝形式，分為語法倒裝和修辭倒裝。考研難點(diǎn)多為修辭倒裝。修辭倒裝主要是為了加強(qiáng)語氣。以往的長(zhǎng)難句常以某些連詞或副詞（如nor，so，only， never，until等）引導(dǎo)倒裝。例 1: Only after studies provided evidence of the harmful effects of this program, has it been possible to modify TV programming policies.意群直譯：只有當(dāng)研究提供證據(jù)，證據(jù)是這個(gè)節(jié)目有不良影響，電視節(jié)目的播放政策才可能有所改變。例 2：

12、 And never before has it been so undeniable that mutually beneficial international institutions of cooperation are a vital global necessity.意群直譯：過去從來沒有這么不容置疑，各國互利的國際合作機(jī)構(gòu)是全球必需品。二長(zhǎng)難句復(fù)雜成分解析在考試中，任何一個(gè)句子成分都有可能掛上各種形式的意群結(jié)構(gòu)，（謂語部分外掛比較少）如短語（尤其是介詞短語和分詞短語）和句子，干擾視線，增加難度。為方便歸類，我們按照各個(gè)句子成分所能岀現(xiàn)的復(fù)雜情況逐一舉例說明。剛剛講過的四類增加句子

13、難度的方式都將在其中體現(xiàn)，并指岀破解的簡(jiǎn)單技巧。切記切記！為了快速準(zhǔn)確理解句子，在快速分拆過程中，我們需要對(duì)句子進(jìn)行直譯，但務(wù)必記住，直譯基本就是逐字逐句譯，所見所想所得，不要浪費(fèi)時(shí)間在咬文嚼字上！一、復(fù)雜主語常見的是復(fù)雜主語成分會(huì)以短語、從句等形式岀現(xiàn)。注意主謂之間經(jīng)常岀現(xiàn)的干擾成分（如同位 語）在邏輯上仍屬于主語部分。（一）、短語類復(fù)雜主語1、介詞短語例 1: Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk

14、 processors, bring better and 主語識(shí)另U： 介賓短語 from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, 對(duì)主語 Numerous other commercial enterprises 作進(jìn)一步說明。主語直譯：許多其他商業(yè)企業(yè)，從劇院到雜志岀版（商）社、從燃?xì)怆娖鞴镜脚Ｄ碳庸S，（帶來更好的）例 2: Our hope for creative living in this world that we have inherited

15、from our ancestors lies in our ability to re-establish the moral ends of our lives.主語識(shí)別：快速略讀，尋找獨(dú)立的謂語動(dòng)詞。此處為 lies.主語直譯：我們的希望，創(chuàng)造性地生活在這個(gè)世界這個(gè)世界是我們從祖先那里繼承來的，（存在于）2:分詞短語例句： Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently this, after all, is主語識(shí)別：在這個(gè)句子里

16、面，分詞位于句子開頭，往往可以作主語和狀語，需要迅速判斷這個(gè)句 子發(fā)現(xiàn)第一個(gè)獨(dú)立的動(dòng)詞，之前的所有分詞短語點(diǎn)明了this指代的內(nèi)容。主語直譯：即使善于讓別人去為你打仗，并告訴他們?cè)鯓幼鲎钣行б灰贿@（是）3 :不定式短語例句： The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on our memory. 主語識(shí)別：方法同介詞短語例 2,尋找“落單的”動(dòng)詞。此處為depends.主語直譯：能力，來解決任何問題，甚至識(shí)別一個(gè)問題的存在，（取決于記憶）。（二）從句類復(fù)雜主語這些復(fù)雜主

17、語有同位語或非限制性定語從句來修飾。例1 ：主語從句That most Americans genuinely believe that their economic system is the best that human wisdom has so far devised and that their political system is a democracy” in which the interests of the people are paramount, is an indication of.主語及其繁瑣，但語序并不復(fù)雜，在理解的時(shí)候直接順著拆開意群即可。主語拆分:意群直

18、譯:大多數(shù)美國人真正地相信他們的經(jīng)濟(jì)制度是人類智慧至今設(shè)計(jì)的最好的制度并且，切）。他們的政治制度是“民主制度”，在這個(gè)制度里，人民至高無上（高于一例2 :同位語從句The fact that these people live near famous caves which contain vivid paintings from Europe? early humans, leads him to the conclusion 我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)主語部分一直延伸到early humans，主句的主干是The factleads him to theconclusion 1主干意群理順（直譯）：事實(shí)引

19、導(dǎo)他得岀結(jié)論 2、次要意群理順過程：1 ）、主語的同位語從句解析:these people live near famous caveswhich contain vivid paintings from Europe ? early humans2）、意群理順直譯:這些人住的離著名的巖洞很近這些巖洞有歐洲早期人類的生動(dòng)圖畫。此處的一群信息可以加工成偷梁換柱的干擾選項(xiàng)。比如：European humans lived near the famous caves with vivid paintings.請(qǐng)指岀該句謬誤之處。例3:非限制性定語從句The king, whose power is

20、unlimited, and whose treasures surmount all real and imaginary wants, is compelled to ease,1、主干辨析：這個(gè)句子岀現(xiàn)對(duì)謂語部分的干擾，需要迅速排除。主語 The king容易確定，迅速尋找它的謂語部 分，發(fā)現(xiàn)獨(dú)立的謂語is與其保持一致。而謂語部分并不完整，又一次受到干擾，因?yàn)閑ase是及物動(dòng)詞，必須有賓語。該句主干為：The king is compelled to ease【小提示】：如何快速確定主謂？對(duì)于這種干擾主謂的成分，一個(gè)最簡(jiǎn)單的方法就是，如果主句主語后面岀現(xiàn)逗號(hào)，立刻去尋找第 二個(gè)逗號(hào)，看后

21、面有沒有在人稱和數(shù)與主語保持一致的動(dòng)詞岀現(xiàn)，直到找到為止。注意不要仔細(xì)讀兩 個(gè)逗號(hào)之間的信息?，F(xiàn)在可以確定，原文的主句大意就是“國王被迫”。下一步分解主語部分，就要看是什么樣的國王。2、主語意群分析：3、漢語意群理順：再次提醒（只為理解，不需精確翻譯）國王國王的權(quán)力無限，國王的財(cái)富超乎所有真實(shí)和想象的需要實(shí)際練習(xí)時(shí)，我們不需要這樣畫圖，可以使用“口算”+筆記的方式快速解開意群。借助的工具就是一些漢語代詞，（比如說，這，這個(gè)，這些，的）。二、復(fù)雜賓語純粹短語復(fù)雜賓語難度較低，此處略去，重點(diǎn)講從句復(fù)雜賓語和短語從句混和類。例 1: How well the prediction will be v

22、alidated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information and on the skill with which it is interpreted.賓語意群理順:賓語意群直譯:這取決于所采用信息的數(shù)量、可靠性和適宜性也取決于技能用來解釋信息的技能例 2: Many experts suggest that the children who are raised in an environment where there are many

23、stimuli which develop their capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.1、 主干識(shí)別：主句非常容易辨認(rèn)，無任何干擾：Many experts suggest that（很多專家認(rèn)為 ） 這個(gè)是主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)。充當(dāng)賓語的是一個(gè)從句，這個(gè)賓語從句又有三個(gè)定語從句環(huán)環(huán)相扣，構(gòu)成從句連環(huán)套。必須抓住 賓語從句的主干才能確定全句的大意。2、賓語從句意群理順：注意英語信息的連貫性是如何通過形式（先行詞和關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞的意義是一致的）來體現(xiàn) 的。在自己練習(xí)

24、時(shí)，用下劃線標(biāo)岀有難度的意群的主干（注意，不要全部句子都劃，否則更亂）Many behaviorists suggest thatthe Childrenwho are raised in an environmentwhere there are many stimuliwhich develop their capacity forappropriate responseswill experience greater intellectual development.3、意群直譯：許多專家認(rèn)為： 兒童 在一個(gè)環(huán)境里長(zhǎng)大，環(huán)境里有許多刺激物,這些刺激物能夠開發(fā)其相應(yīng)反應(yīng)能 力，（這些兒童）

25、將會(huì)經(jīng)歷更大的智力發(fā)展。從簡(jiǎn)單直譯的漢語來看，三個(gè)定語從句與賓語從句的主句構(gòu)成邏輯上的條件關(guān)系。準(zhǔn)確理解里面各個(gè)意群對(duì)于解閱讀理解至關(guān)重要。比如說，這個(gè)句子可以這樣命題：閱讀理解模擬問題：判斷下面說法的真?zhèn)?，并說明原因。According to many behaviorists, children will develop intellectually better if.A. the environment they work in can develop their mental capacity.B. the environment where they are raised can

26、give them stimuli for appropriate responsesC. they are fed better and live betterD. they grow up in an environment where they can develop their capacity for proper responses for certain stimuli這一步對(duì)于閱讀理解非常重要，考試中經(jīng)常會(huì)在長(zhǎng)難句里岀考點(diǎn)，命題專家會(huì)利用這些句子的一些主要或次要意群來制造干擾選項(xiàng)。對(duì)這些意群準(zhǔn)確理解就能保證不上當(dāng)，這是提高得分率的基礎(chǔ)。 同學(xué)們務(wù)必現(xiàn)在就開始培養(yǎng)良好的習(xí)慣，后面

27、有大量此類練習(xí)。該題解題技巧小提示：理順意群關(guān)系進(jìn)行直譯時(shí)，我們可以借助輔助詞（類似于幾何中的輔助線） 通常為漢語的代詞“這"、“這個(gè)"或“這些"。這樣有助于快速理解原文。從這個(gè)例句，我們進(jìn)一步了解到，長(zhǎng)難句分析，要求我們理解句子主干和其它所有意群，并且必須準(zhǔn)確理順意群之間的邏輯關(guān)系。這對(duì)閱讀和翻譯解題起直接支持作用。三、復(fù)雜表語例 1: The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a bus

28、iness cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend.（表語為并列從句形式 ） 句子主干： The trouble is that and so is not主干直譯：?jiǎn)栴}在于，因此不是表語意群理順：that part of the recent acceleration isdue to the usual reboundthat occurs at this point in a business cycle,and so is not conclusive evidence

29、of a revival in the underlying trend.表語意群直譯：（問題在于）近來快速增長(zhǎng)部分是由于通常的反彈反彈是商業(yè)周期到了這一點(diǎn)就會(huì)發(fā)生的 因此不是經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇潛在趨勢(shì)的結(jié)論性證據(jù)?？佳兄械拈L(zhǎng)難句，無論是主語、賓語還是表語，其復(fù)雜性主要來自于名詞性從句。例 2: To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both asan individual and as a member of a society.表語意群理順：on

30、e who responds authenticallyby being trustworthy, responsive, and genuine,both as an individual and as a member of a society.表語意群直譯:一個(gè)反應(yīng)真實(shí)的人通過可靠，靈敏，真誠不管作為個(gè)人，還是作為社會(huì)成員四、復(fù)雜狀語這里不考慮狀語從句，因其結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立，容易分辨，難度較小。主要是圍繞介詞短語充當(dāng)實(shí)現(xiàn)不同 目的的狀語，（原因，時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，伴隨，目的，等等）例1 ：介詞時(shí)間狀語Observations have been made of the children at the

31、beginning and the end of the preschool and the first grade.（該句簡(jiǎn)單，解析略）例2 :介詞實(shí)現(xiàn)其它功能狀語For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere.（上下文提示：這是一個(gè)關(guān)于電視的文章

32、。）狀語枝繁葉茂。全句意群展開：再次強(qiáng)調(diào)，一眼能看透的意群可以合并理解解題提示：根據(jù)搭配快速確立關(guān)鍵意群It is more A to do B than to do C做A比做C更B。信息分別代入即可。意群直譯：再次提示：直譯！不要太拘泥于漢語表達(dá)，只求意會(huì)！比如說，對(duì)于一個(gè)四口之家舒舒服服坐在家里更方便，也更便宜有幾乎無限多的娛樂 比岀去尋找娛樂在這里，我們可以看至U for example, for a family of four, with unlimited entertainment available ，和 in search of amusement elsewhere這四個(gè)

33、介詞短語在句子分別實(shí)現(xiàn)的功能為：范圍，舉例，伴隨，目的。例 3: Science moves forward, they say, not so muchthrough the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.該句主謂一眼就能確定，狀語部分比較復(fù)雜。 解題技巧小提示：注意搭配的連貫?？吹絪o立刻聯(lián)想as（比較句）或者that（結(jié)果句），看到more立刻聯(lián)想并尋找than, 看到as立刻尋找另外一個(gè) as。這需要大家把常見搭配

34、記熟，培養(yǎng)良好的敏感性。注意：not so much Aas B是強(qiáng)調(diào)后者，相同的有l(wèi)ess A than B。而More A than B是強(qiáng)調(diào)前者。這里A和B不局限于形容 詞和副詞?？佳杏⒄Z中這種比較結(jié)構(gòu)很多情況下不一定直譯成“比”。這里需要理解成與其說A，不如說B等漢語結(jié)構(gòu)。此處狀語部分not so much就是一個(gè)比較結(jié)構(gòu)的一部分，立刻找固定搭配的as?？梢耘袛?，比較的內(nèi)容是Through表方式狀語和because of的原因狀語。狀語意群理順:not so much through the insights of great men of geniusas because of mo

35、re ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.狀語意群直譯:與其說通過天才偉人的洞察力，不如說原因是更為普通的東西，像改進(jìn)技術(shù)和工具等。三完整長(zhǎng)難句綜合解析該部分可算作紙上練兵，也可以看作是一個(gè)熟能生巧轉(zhuǎn)變階段。使用完整長(zhǎng)難句來提高綜合解析的技巧，完成從信息處理的簡(jiǎn)單到復(fù)雜的過渡。這一部分，經(jīng)過有意識(shí)的練習(xí)，我們要達(dá)到一種境界-掃描完句子就能立刻理解最復(fù)雜部分的意思。訓(xùn)練過程中，關(guān)鍵是思路的逐步養(yǎng)成，做題的方法是首 要的，做題的數(shù)量是其次的。這部分將涉及到考研英語中最常見的復(fù)雜句式，如強(qiáng)調(diào)，倒裝，比較，虛擬等等。例 1: For a

36、 beginner in the job market, it is essential that he bargain for a starting salary he desires and deserves, otherwise, he would hardly have any fair chance of a raise after his employment.主干識(shí)另 U： 全句主干比較容易確認(rèn)。it is essential that he bargain otherwise, he would.意群梳理：For a beginner in the job market,it

37、is essential thathe bargain for a starting salaryhe desires and deserves,otherwise, he would hardly have any fair chance of a raise after his employment.意群直譯:對(duì)于就業(yè)市場(chǎng)上的新手來說至關(guān)重要的是他討價(jià)還價(jià)，要一個(gè)起薪，這是他想要并應(yīng)該得到的否則雇傭后，他很難有機(jī)會(huì)漲工資模擬問題：判斷下面說法真?zhèn)危⒔o岀理由。A. A starter in his job hunting is advised to ask for as much mone

38、y as he wants.(F)B. A job hunter should negotiate for the highest starting salary he is entitled to.( T)例 2: Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be o

39、utraged. Such behaviour is regarded as ,all too human ” , with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. 【But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Natu

40、re, suggeststhat it is all too monkey, as well.】主干識(shí)別：括號(hào)內(nèi)句子的主語很容易確定A study，但隨后出現(xiàn)的干擾謂語的信息很多，此時(shí)需快速掃描，絕不可細(xì)讀，根據(jù)主謂之間插入干擾成分通常會(huì)以逗號(hào)形式結(jié)束的規(guī)律，迅速找到獨(dú)立動(dòng)詞 suggests主謂在數(shù)上保持一致，意義也無偏差。確定 But a studysuggests that為主干。主干直譯：但一項(xiàng)研究表明But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia,which

41、has just been published in Nature,suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.意群直譯：注意省略的部分為什么要省略!例 3: But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide conce

42、rning the future consequences of present actions.信息連續(xù)置后。主要從信息角度來解釋，而不是用語言學(xué)術(shù)語。主干識(shí)別：并列句。難點(diǎn)在第二句。故重點(diǎn)解析第二句。第一句直譯：但科學(xué)確實(shí)給我們提供了對(duì)未來最好的指導(dǎo)。第二句主干為：It is +形容詞+that從句結(jié)構(gòu)。真正的主語為 that從句。and it is critical thatour nation and the world base意群直譯:解題啟示:意群經(jīng)過直譯后，我們便能夠很快理順?biāo)鼈冎g的邏輯含義，并根據(jù)這些信息迅速準(zhǔn)確地理解整句的意思。重申一下，信息理解最科學(xué)的思路是 從點(diǎn)到線再

43、到面！切勿倒置！否則很容易導(dǎo)致information shock進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致大腦"短路”。模擬閱讀問題： According to the passage, science can serve as.A. a protector B. a judge. C. a critic D. a guide例 4: How well the prediction will be validated by later performance depends uponthe amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information and

44、on the skill with which it is interpreted.主干識(shí)別：How wellperformance depends upon主語和賓語都比較復(fù)雜。主語為從句。賓語為名詞短語+定語從句。全句意群理順：How well the prediction will be validatedbylaterperformancedepends uponthe amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the informationand on the skillwith which it is interpreted.全句意群直

45、譯:預(yù)測(cè)將被后來的表現(xiàn)在多大程度所證實(shí)這取決于所采用信息的數(shù)量、可靠性和適宜性也取決于技能用來解釋信息的技能。解題技巧小提示：考研英語遇到how +形容詞或副詞，我們初級(jí)階段訓(xùn)練時(shí)，為加快理解，可以將how和形容詞副詞移到它們修飾的相關(guān)動(dòng)詞附近。比如The prediction will be how well validated,（寫作切勿模仿，因?yàn)檫@是如假包換的 chinglish ）。例 5: On one occasion, when Luca, a Stanford professor, was taking blood samples from children in a rura

46、lregion of Africa, he was confronted by an angry farmer waving an axe, who threatened Luca that if he took the children© blood, he would took his.主干識(shí)另 U： When Luca was taking blood samples ,he was confronted by 意群理順：注意省略的部分。On one occasion, when Luca,was taking blood samples from children in a

47、rural region of Africa,he was confronted by an angry farmer waving an axe,who threatened Lucathat if he took the children ?s blood, he would took his.意群直譯:例 6: The studies show that, the driver who has consumed an amount of alcohol within the limit is no more likely to have an automobile accident th

48、an the driver who does not take any alcohol.主干識(shí)別：The studies show that此處應(yīng)注意賓語從句中no more than的意義是雙否定。意群理順：The studies show that the driverwho has consumed an amount of alcohol within the limitis no more likely to have an automobile accidentthan the driver who does not take any alcohol.意群直譯:研究表明司機(jī)司機(jī)消耗

49、限制內(nèi)的酒精同樣可能會(huì)發(fā)生車禍比起不喝酒的司機(jī)例 7: According to this report, the chief reason for the population growth in this small African country, the10th largest country in terms of the population size there, isn_? so much a rise in birth rates as a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care in r

50、ecent years.主干識(shí)另 U： The chief reason isn? so much as 意群理順：According to this reportThe chief reason for the population growth in India,isn? so much a rise in birth ratesas a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care inrecent years.意群直譯：注意not so much A as B在此處的直譯：不是A而是B根據(jù)這份報(bào)告這個(gè)人口

51、增長(zhǎng)的主要原因不是岀生率上升而是死亡率下降，這是近幾年醫(yī)療條件改善的結(jié)果意群抗干擾理解練習(xí)：A. The growth of the population has lessto do with the falling death rates than with the rising birthrates.( F)B. We can infer from the passage that medical care development in this African country has led to the rise ofbirth rates. (F)例 8: The very fact

52、 that the average Englishman's home has become his workshop is partly because he is keen on working with his hands and partly because he feels, for one reason or another that he _must_do_foLh.imself_ _ many household jobsfor which, some years ago, he would have hired professional help.主干識(shí)別：看到The

53、 fact that立刻尋找that從句意群結(jié)束的位置。出現(xiàn)的is就是the fact的系動(dòng)詞。主干即為The factX is partly because Y and partly because Z。我們只需理順 A和B所代替的信息即可。意群理順：意群直譯:這個(gè)事實(shí)普通英國人的家已經(jīng)變成他的車間，部分原因是他喜歡自己動(dòng)手干活,部分原因是他覺得|要么這個(gè)原因要么那個(gè)原因必須為自己做很多家務(wù)。這些家務(wù)幾年前他會(huì)花錢請(qǐng)專人幫忙。意群抗干擾理解練習(xí)：判斷下面說法真?zhèn)?，說明理由。A. An ordinary Englishman likes to make his home a workshop

54、so he can hire professional help. (F)B. The average Englishman is keen on working alone as he must do the household jobs for himself. ( F)啟示：意群之間的邏輯關(guān)系對(duì)閱讀題很重要，必須通過細(xì)致分析才能避免低級(jí)錯(cuò)誤。例 9: While not exactly a top selling book, The History and Geography of Human Genes is an extraordinary collection of researc

55、h in population genetics, which reaches a firm conclusion: once the genes for surface features such as skin color and height are discounted, the races are remarkably alike under the skin, since what the eye sees as racial differences are mainly a way to adapt to climate as early humans moved from on

56、e continent to another.主干識(shí)別：The book is a collection of該句子雖長(zhǎng)，但結(jié)構(gòu)比較清晰，信息排列整齊。意群理順：While not exactly a top selling book,The History and Geography of Human Genes is an extraordinary collection of research in population genetics,which reaches a firm conclusion:once the genes for surface features such as skin color and height are discounted,the races are remarkably alike under the skin,since what the eye sees as racial differencesare mainly a way to adapt to climateas early humans moved from one continent to another.意群直譯：大家注意合理省略。為什么?雖然并非暢銷書這