一、英語議論文寫作要點0001

1、、英語議論文寫作要點 議論文通過議論或說理來表達作者見解和主張 . 作者對某一 問題持有一種看法 , 為了使讀者同意自己的看法 , 提出若干理 由, 企圖說服他人 . 高中英語議論文的寫作要注意以下要點 :1. 論點要鮮明、 確切 一篇議論文只能有一個中心論點 論 點一般在開頭提出，然后加以論證2. 論據(jù)要充分、 可靠一般是以事實為論據(jù)， 也可以利用成 語，格言，名人名言作為論據(jù)3. 論證要嚴密、得法歸納法( induction )和演繹法 ( deduction )是議論文常用的論證方法 歸納法的例子為基 礎，從幾個例子和現(xiàn)象中，歸納出某種道理和看法例如： 報紙是一種媒體( medium )

2、，人們可以從中得到現(xiàn)代信息； 電視是一種媒體， 人們也可以從中獲得信息； 廣播也是媒體， 人們同樣可以從中獲得現(xiàn)代信息因此我們可以得出結論， 其他媒體，如網(wǎng)絡等，一定會給人們信息演繹法以一個或 多個看法為基礎，從一般論斷，演繹到不同事例，再加以論 述，最后再回到一般論斷上來例如：所有的媒體都可以給 人們提供信息，網(wǎng)絡是媒體，因此人們可以從網(wǎng)絡中獲得信 息在歸納中要注意使用的例子要充分，不能以點概面二、 議論文的寫作步驟 :1. 引言 (introduction) 由于英語作文受時間，字數(shù)的限 制因此，在引言段中作者就必須簡單解釋要討論的問題， 并明白地亮出自己的觀點，如提倡什么，支援什么，反對

3、什 么.2. 主體段(main body ).主體段是議論的過程，作者必須 有足夠的證據(jù).(adequate proofs )來論證自己的觀點.一 般可提出一個或兩個proofs,并對此用一兩句話分別進行 闡述.3. 結論(conclusion ).結論段可以用一兩句話來結束文 章.同時要注意與引言段呼應，但不能照搬前面的原話.例：課本高二上P78第一封信Tutorial cen ter is helpful.I have studied at a tutorial cen ter for two years. My comma nd of En glish has improved con

4、siderably since I started this course.At my cen ter, the fees are reas on able. My tutors are qualified teachers. I have bee n helped a lot by them. They are sin cere and kind.One of my teachers was British. At first, I could not say anything to her. But later I lear ned how to comm uni cate in En g

5、lish with a wester ner.I thi nk that the tutorial cen ter has give n me a lot of con fide nee in using En glish.評注：第一段提出論點，體現(xiàn)家教中心是helpful（段劃線 部分），主體段分別從幾個方面（劃線部分）來闡述家教中心 的確有幫助，結論段重申家教中心的作用（劃線部分）,且語句 表達與第一段中的不重復 三、議論文的寫作模式1. 議論文的類型英語議論文根據(jù)命題特點，從形式上來看可分為如下類型： “一分為二”的觀點.如“轎車大量進入家庭后，對家庭、 環(huán)境、經濟可能產生的影響” “兩

6、者選一”的觀點如，期中考試作文題，“乘火車還是乘飛機” “我認為”型如“你對課外閱讀的看法” “怎樣（how to ） ”型.如“怎樣克服學習中碰到的 困難”. 圖表作文.通過閱讀圖表中的數(shù)字與項目得出一個結論或 形成一種看法.按照高二上學期的寫作要求，學生主要應掌握兩種類型 的議論文的寫作在第種類型中命題涉及某一事物或現(xiàn)象 的正反兩個方面：通過正反兩個方面的對比，得出結論是利 大于弊，還是弊大于利.論證要圍繞所要得出的結論來展開， 若利大于弊，則有利的一面要多闡述一點反之亦然.在第種類型中，命題要求在 A或B兩者之間作一比較或選擇，兩個對象往往各有優(yōu)勢，所以結論部分有兩種情況：a. 要么支持

7、A,要么支持B;b. A、B優(yōu)勢均難的割舍，只好依情況而定在結論部分說清 楚在什么條件選A,在什么條件選B.下面重點介紹第、種類型議論文的寫作模式2. “一分為二”觀點的議論文模式In troductio n第 1 段:Nowadays more and more people . / . plays an important part in .like everythingelse, has/have both favorable and unfavorable aspects/both adva ntages and disadva ntages. Gen erally, the favo

8、rable aspects/adva ntages can be listed as follows.Main body第 2段:Firstly,. Secondly,In addition/What ' more 第 3 段:Every coin has two sides. The negative aspects/disadva ntages are also appare nt/obvious. To begi n with ;To make matters worse ;Worse of all Con clusi on第 4 段:Through above analysis

9、/All things considered, we can see that the positive aspects/adva ntages outweigh the n egative on es/disadva ntages. Therefore 例文 1. 看電視的利與弊 Advantages and disadvantages of watchi ng TVNowadays more and more people like to watch TV. So TV plays a very importa nt part in our life. But watch ingTV ha

10、s both adva ntages and disadva ntages. Gen erally, the advantages can be listed as follows.Firstly, you can expand your knowledge by watching TV. As weall know, learning things by TV is muchfaster than by listening to the radio or just by reading books. For it has colorful pictures as well as won de

11、rful music.Secondly, you may know anybody you want to know such as famous sin gers, super stars, scie ntists and so on.What's more, you can go everywhere by traveli ng programs. Let' s suppose, if you like travelingvery much, but youhave to work on weeke nds or holidays, you must be very sad

12、. And no wope n your TVand it ' ll take you to any where. Every coi n has two sides. The disadva ntages are also obvious. For example, watch ing too much TV can easily become short-sighted, especially for childre n and students. To makematters worse, someyoung students are kee n on watch ing TV

13、so that they give up their studies gradually.Through above analysis,I think watching TV is a way of studying, it is good for us to watch TV. But whenwe watch TV, we should make a pla n otherwise watchi ng TV will destroy our life.例文2.談談出國留學的利與弊 Where to attend a collegeNowadays more and more young p

14、eople are going to study abroad. Like everything else, studying abroad has both favorable and un favorable aspects. Gen erally, the favorable aspects can be listed as follows.Firstly, they think by attending a college in a foreign country they can lear n not only useful kno wledge, but also the cult

15、ure and customs of other nations. Secondly, they can take adva ntage of this opport un ity to gain a good comma nd of the foreig n Ian guage they are lear ning very quickly. Moreover, they can meet different people and experie nee differe nt cultures, which may help to broade n their views.Every coi

16、n has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. The costs are muchhigher than those in their native country. Most overseas students have to work for a living, which can ' t allow them to pay all their attention to study. What' s more, they may feel veryIon ely.Through above an alysi

17、s, we can see that the positive aspects outweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I am in favor of going abroad to study.寫作練習：談談校服(school uni forms ).提示：近年來，越來越多的中小學要求穿校服.對此引發(fā)了 學生中由對這個問題的討論，請寫一片英語短文闡述你的觀 占八、Refere nee: some of the mai n argume nts for and aga inst school uni forms.FORI.Stude nts look n

18、 eat and tidy.2. The public knows which school you are from.3. Pare nts all pay the same mon ey.4.Students don ' t worry about fashions.5.Teachers can identify students on school trips.AGAINST1. U ni forms are expe nsive.2. Childre n grow fast, n eed new uni forms.3.Some uni forms are very un co

19、mfortable.4.Students all look the same, can ' t be individuals.5.Get bored with same clothes every day.說廣告(about advertisement ).提示：有人說廣告在現(xiàn)代社會是很重要，有人認為廣告的促 銷成分太多，你認為3“兩者選一”觀點的議論文模式模式:A、B兩者優(yōu)劣勢分析，要么選A,要么選B.In troductio n第 1 段:Somepeople hold the opinion that (A) is superior to (B) in many ways. Ot

20、hers, however, argue that (B) is much better. Pers on ally, I would prefer (A) because I think (A) has more adva ntages.Main body第 2 段：There are manyreasons whyl prefer (A). The main reason is that Another reason is that (贊同 A 的原 因)第 3 段:Of course, choosing (B) also has advantages to some extent,( 列

21、出12個B的優(yōu)勢)Con clusi on第 4 段:But if all these factors are considered, (A) is muchbetter than (B). from what has been discussed above, we may fin ally draw the con clusi on that(總結觀點)例文:Which is better? Cars or bikes?Some people hold the opinion that private cars are superior to bicycles in many ways.

22、Others, however, argue that the bicycle is much better. Pers on ally, I would prefer the use of cars because I think cars have more adva ntages.There are manyreasons why I prefer cars. The main reason is that cars bring convenience and mobility to the owners. What ' s more, a car is far more com

23、fortable to travel in, especially in the cha ngeable weather.Ano ther reas on is that, whe n more people buy cars, the automobile in dustry will develop more quickly. The growth of the automobile industry can motivate the rise of other related in dustries such as iron and steel producti on.Of course

24、, bicycles can take you to any where you like in town and does not need a large parking place. Besides, it is not as expe nsive as a car and therefore everyfamily can afford to buy.But if all these factors are con sidered, cars are muchbetter than bicycles.From what has been discussed above,we mayfi

25、nallydraw the conclusion that people can livebetter with the use of cars.模式：A、B優(yōu)勢相當，依情況而定，有條件地選擇A或B.In troductio n第 1 段:Which would you prefer if you are faced with the choice between （A） and （B）? Before you makethe decision, you had better make a close comparis on.Main body第 2 段：It is true that（ 選擇

26、 A 的優(yōu)勢之一 ）.It is also true that（ 選擇A的優(yōu)勢之二）.But （ 選擇A的劣勢）.第3段:Though.（選擇B的劣勢）,（選擇B的優(yōu)勢之一）.Furthermore,（ 選擇B的優(yōu)勢之二）.Con clusi on第 4 段:Therefore, if you,you should choose （A）, but if you ,you should choose （B）.（總結觀點,提出建議）例文:Listening to the radio or reading the newspapers? Which would you prefer if you are faced with the choice between listening to the radio and reading thenewspapers? Before you makethe decision, you had better make a close comparis on.It is true that liste ning to the radio is quick and convenien t. It is also true that we can liste