英語(yǔ)專業(yè)（語(yǔ)言學(xué)）歷年真題試卷匯編

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上英語(yǔ)專業(yè)（語(yǔ)言學(xué)）歷年真題試卷匯編24(總分：94.00，做題時(shí)間：90分鐘)一、 填空題(總題數(shù)：7，分?jǐn)?shù)：14.00)1."Linguistic relativity" was proposed by 1and 2. (清華2001研)（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）填空項(xiàng)1:_ （正確答案：正確答案：Sapir）填空項(xiàng)1:_ （正確答案：Whorf）解析：解析：薩丕爾一沃爾夫假說(shuō)認(rèn)為，一方面，語(yǔ)言可以決定我們的思維方式；另一方面，語(yǔ)言之間的相似性是相對(duì)的，結(jié)構(gòu)性差異越大，反映出對(duì)于世界認(rèn)識(shí)的越不同。因此，這個(gè)假說(shuō)也被稱作“語(yǔ)言決定論”和

2、“語(yǔ)言相對(duì)主義”。2.Psycholinguistics is a branch of linguistics which is the study of psychological aspects of language. As an interdisciplinary academic field, it investigates the following major subjects; 1 , 2and 3.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）填空項(xiàng)1:_ （正確答案：正確答案：acquisition）填空項(xiàng)1:_ （正確答案：comprehension）填空項(xiàng)1:_ （正

3、確答案：production）解析：解析：心理語(yǔ)言學(xué)作為語(yǔ)言學(xué)的一個(gè)分支，是從心理學(xué)的角度來(lái)研究語(yǔ)言，主要包括語(yǔ)言習(xí)得，語(yǔ)言理解和語(yǔ)言產(chǎn)生。3.A 1language is originally a pidgin that has become established as a native language in some speech community.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）填空項(xiàng)1:_ （正確答案：正確答案：creole）解析：解析：當(dāng)皮欽語(yǔ)得到發(fā)展不再是作為交易的語(yǔ)言，而成為一個(gè)社會(huì)群體的第一語(yǔ)言時(shí)，它就成為克里奧爾語(yǔ)。由皮欽語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)變成為克里奧爾語(yǔ)的過(guò)程就稱作克里奧爾語(yǔ)化。4.A

4、 linguistic 1refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the "polite" society from general use.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）填空項(xiàng)1:_ （正確答案：正確答案：taboo）解析：解析：禁忌語(yǔ)是由于宗教、政治或性別原因而避免使用的詞匯，通常被委婉語(yǔ)所代替。5.Taboo and 1are two faces of the same communication coin.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）填空項(xiàng)1:_ （正確答案：正確答案：euphemism）解析：解析：禁

5、忌語(yǔ)是由于宗教、政治或性別原因而避免使用的詞匯，通常被委婉語(yǔ)所代替。委婉語(yǔ)是用一詞代替比較唐突的令人不快的另一詞的表達(dá)方法。他們是同一交流過(guò)程的兩個(gè)方面。6.Language itself is not sexist, but its use may reflect the 1attitude connoted in the language that is sexist.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）填空項(xiàng)1:_ （正確答案：正確答案：social）解析：解析：語(yǔ)言本身是不存在性別歧視的，但當(dāng)語(yǔ)言被不同的人使用時(shí)，則會(huì)反映出社會(huì)中存在的性別歧視現(xiàn)象。7.As Carter and Simpso

6、n (1989) observed that " if the 1960s was a decade of formalism in stylistics, the 1970s a decade of functionalism, and the 1980s a decade of 1stylistics". (中山大學(xué)2011年研)（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）填空項(xiàng)1:_ （正確答案：正確答案：discourse）解析：解析：正如Carter and Simpson認(rèn)為的那樣，如果說(shuō)20世紀(jì)60年代是形式主義文體學(xué)，70年代是功能主義文體學(xué)，那么80年代就是話語(yǔ)文體學(xué)。二

7、、 判斷題(總題數(shù)：4，分?jǐn)?shù)：8.00)8.If a child is deprived of linguistic environment, he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00） A.真  B.假解析：解析：如果一個(gè)孩子失去了語(yǔ)言環(huán)境，他或她是不可能成功地學(xué)好一種語(yǔ)言的。9.When children learn to distinguish between the sounds of their language and the sounds that

8、 are not part of the language, they can acquire any sounds in their native language once their parents teach them.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00） A.真 B.假 解析：解析：不論孩子們生活在何種語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中，他們首先獲得的是世上所有語(yǔ)言的普遍性知識(shí)，之后他們才會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)更為復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)言。10.Language reflects sexism in society. Language itself is not sexist, just as it is not obsce

9、ne; but it can connote sexist attitudes as well as attitudes about social taboos or racism.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00） A.真  B.假解析：解析：語(yǔ)言可以反應(yīng)出社會(huì)的性別歧視現(xiàn)象，但語(yǔ)言本身并無(wú)性別歧視意義，語(yǔ)言可以表達(dá)出人們對(duì)性別的態(tài)度及對(duì)一些禁忌語(yǔ)和種族歧視的態(tài)度。11.According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, speaker's perceptions determine langua

10、ge and pattern their way of life.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00） A.真 B.假 解析：解析：根據(jù)薩丕爾一沃爾夫假說(shuō)的強(qiáng)勢(shì)版本，語(yǔ)言決定了說(shuō)話者的感知能力和生活模式，而非說(shuō)話者的感知能力決定了語(yǔ)言和生活模式。三、 單項(xiàng)選擇題(總題數(shù)：4，分?jǐn)?shù)：8.00)12._is defined as a conscious process of accumulating knowledge of a second language usually obtained in school settings.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00） A.Competence

11、 B.Performance C.Learning  D.Acquisition解析：解析：在學(xué)校里，通過(guò)有意識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)而學(xué)到第二語(yǔ)言的的過(guò)程叫做學(xué)習(xí)，這不同于兒童不自覺(jué)地自然的言語(yǔ)習(xí)得過(guò)程。13._are language varieties appropriate for use in particular speech situations.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00） A.Slang B.Address terms C.Registers  D.Education varieties解析：解析：語(yǔ)域是特殊人群

12、使用的言語(yǔ)變體，通常指具有相同職業(yè)或具有同樣愛(ài)好的人。某一語(yǔ)域通常具有自己一些獨(dú)特的詞匯或使用詞或短語(yǔ)的特殊方式，而使其與其他語(yǔ)域區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。14._refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straight forward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00） A.Lingua franca B.Creole C.Pidgin  D.Standard language解析：解析：皮欽語(yǔ)不是任

13、何人的母語(yǔ)，是在交往聯(lián)系的情況下(例如交易)學(xué)習(xí)的語(yǔ)言變體。15.In sociolinguistic studies, speaker are regarded as members of social groups, the social group that is singled out for any special study is called_.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00） A.the speech community  B.the linguistic group C.the linguistic community D.the spee

14、ch variety group解析：解析：在社會(huì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)中，語(yǔ)言使用者都被看作是社會(huì)的成員。而具有相同的語(yǔ)言認(rèn)同或至少共享一種語(yǔ)言變體的人群可稱作語(yǔ)言社區(qū)。四、 簡(jiǎn)答題(總題數(shù)：13，分?jǐn)?shù)：26.00)16.Eskimos have many different words for different types of snow, Aborigines for different types of sand, and in Arabic one must choose from a whole range of words which are subsumed under the Wester

15、n category CAMEL. Can you explain these phenomena with your linguistic knowledge? (北航2008研)（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）_正確答案：(正確答案：These phenomena can be explained from the following perspectives: (1) These phenomena show a relationship between language and society. Language changes from region to region, from one soc

16、ial group to another and from individual to individual. The living environment makes great impact on the changes of language. As Eskimo are always living in an environment of a snow world, they have made a good cognition to snow and classified it in different types. Human use language to describe th

17、e world they have cognized. (2) These phenomena can be explained from the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. This hypothesis suggests that: our language helps mould our way of thinking and, consequently, different languages may probably express speaker's unique ways of understanding the world. So Eskimos&#

18、39;s different words for different types of snow reflect their different ways to understand snow.)解析：17.What is linguistic determinism? (北航2008研)（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）_正確答案：(正確答案：Linguistic determinism, is one of the two points of Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, and has developed into the strong version of this hypothes

19、is. It could be summarized as follows: (1) One's thinking is completely determined by his native language because one cannot but perceive the world in terms of the categories and distinctions encoded in the language. (2) The categories and distinctions encoded in one language system are unique t

20、o that system and incommensurable with those of other systems. Therefore, the following statement could represent this hypothesis "If Aristotle had spoken Chinese, his logic would have been different".)解析：18.What do you think of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis? (西安外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院2006研)（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）_正確答案：(正確答

21、案：Sapir-Whorf hypothesis consists of two parts: linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity. Linguistic determinism, or the strong version, has been criticized for its excessive concern with surface structures of individual languages. In fact, all languages are fundamental of the same universal

22、 human character, including the lexico-semantic and syntactic components of language and all normal human beings are gifted with the same linguistic faculty and cognitive capacity. The flaws of that hypothesis can be revealed through the following analysis. (1) Different grammatical structures do no

23、t mean that speakers of different languages differ in thinking logic or reasoning. (2) Equivalent translation is always possible in spite of the fact that in practice there are hardly any people in perfect control of two genetically different languages. (3) People who have good command of two geneti

24、c-unrelated languages do not have "double minds" or do not have to change their thinking logic when speaking foreign tongue.)解析：19.What will you say to a statement like "our language is our culture"? (四川大學(xué)2006研)（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）_正確答案：(正確答案：This statement reveals a fact that language is p

25、art of the culture. Culture is the total pattern of beliefs, customs, institutions, objects and techniques that characterize the life of a particular society. It is regarded as a carrier of culture, because without language culture would be impossible. Language is the principal mean by which culture

26、 is passed down. Language is the symbolic representation of a people, and it comprises their historical and cultural backgrounds as well as their approach to life and their ways of living and thinking. People use language for the sake of communication, but language itself cannot fulfil the task of c

27、ommunication without the culture system behind the language. Language is a product of our social life.)解析：20.How would you comment on Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? (北航2010研)（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）_正確答案：(正確答案：This hypothesis suggests that our language will mould our view of the world. The hypothesis has two important po

28、ints, linguistic determinismlanguage may determine our thinking patterns and linguistic relativitysimilarity between language is relative, the greater their structual differentiation is, the more diverse their conceptualization of the world will be. Thus, two versions of the Sapir-whorf hypothesis h

29、ave been developed, a strong version and a weak version. The strong version of the theory emphasizes the decisive role of language as the shaper of our thinking patterns. The weak version of the hypothesis, however, is a modified type of its original theory, suggesting that there is a correlation be

30、tween language, culture and thought, but the cross-culture differences thus produced in our ways of thinking are relative rather than categorical.)解析：21.Why do we need to teach culture in our language classroom? (四川大學(xué)2010研)（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）_正確答案：(正確答案：Language has a close relationship with culture. Language

31、 is an indispensible carrier of culture and culture finds a better representation through language use. When it comes to language teaching and learning, the influence of cultural knowledge on the linguistic performance of language learners has been identified and highlighted. It has repeatedly been

32、found that learners who lack sufficient knowledge about the target culture can hardly become active and appropriate language users in their target language. For these reasons, the information concerning cultural differences has rightly been introduced in language classrooms of different kinds of enh

33、ancing learners' cultural consciousness and improving their performance in cross-cultural contexts of communication. So we need to teach culture in our language classroom.)解析：22.What are sociolinguistics of society and sociolinguistics of language? (武漢大學(xué)2007研)（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）_正確答案：(正確答案：If we want to k

34、now more about a given society or community by examining the linguistic behavior of its members, we are doing a sociolinguistic study of society. That is, we are doing sociolinguistics at a macro level of investigation. At this level of discussion, things that we are interested in include bilinguali

35、sm or multilingualism, language attitudes, language choice, language maintenance and shift, language planning and standardization, vernacular language education, and so on. On the other hand, if we want to know more about some linguistic variations in language use by turning to potential socio-cultu

36、ral factors for a description and explanation, we are doing a sociolinguistic study of language. Consequently, we are more interested in examining micro linguistic phenomena such as structural variants, address forms, gender differences, discourse analysis, Pidgin and Creole languages, and other mor

37、e language related issues.)解析：23.It is claimed in sociolinguistics that you are what you say. How would you comment on this theoretical claim? (武漢大學(xué)201 1年研)（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）_正確答案：(正確答案：Everyone speaks differently. A personal dialect of an individual speaker combines elements regarding regional, social, gend

38、er, and age variations. In other words, an individual speaker's regional and social back ground, his/her gender and age jointly determine the way he/she talks. From this point, we can claim that "You are what you say". Following this claim, we may expand the scope of our observation by

39、 introducing some social factors that are believed to influence our language behavior in a social context. Among these factors, some major ones include a) class; b) gender; c) age; d) ethnic identity; e) education background, f) occupation, and g) religious belief. In our daily speaking, the potenti

40、al selection of linguistic forms can reflect the above factors, which determine our identities. For example, women use more "fancy" color terms such as "mauve" and "beige" use less powerful curse words; use more intensifiers such as "terrible" and "awful&

41、quot; use more tag questions. On the other hand, your way of speaking, to some extent, reflect your identity. (本題為開(kāi)放式題目，圍繞自語(yǔ)言與社會(huì)及文化之間的關(guān)系闡述自己對(duì)這句話的觀點(diǎn)即可)解析：24.In Chinese tone changes are used in the way that affects the meanings of individual words. (中山大學(xué)201 1年研)（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）_正確答案：(正確答案：Tones are pitch var

42、iations, which are caused by the differing rates of vibration of the vocal cords. Pitch variations can distinguish meaning just like phonemes; therefore, the tone is a suprasegmental feature. The meaning - distinctive function of the tone is especially important in what we call tone languages. Engli

43、sh is not a tone language. Chinese is a typical tone language. It has four tones. The first tone is level (陰平) , the second rise(陽(yáng)平) , the third fall rise(上聲) , and the fourth fall (去聲). The role of the tone can be well illustrated by pronouncing the same sound combination such as pa in the four dif

44、ferent tones and have different meanings;(八) High level 'eight'(拔) High rising 'pull out'(靶) Low falling rising 'target'(壩) High falling 'dam')解析：25.What distinction, if any, can you draw between bilingualism and diglossia?（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）_正確答案：(正確答案：Bilingualism refers to a

45、 linguistic situation in which two standard languages are used in a speech community; whereas in a diglossia community, two varieties of language are used for different situations, one being more standard and higher, and used for more formal matters, and the other less prestigious, and used for coll

46、oquial situations.)解析：26.How do the speech of women and the speech of men differ from each other?（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）_正確答案：(正確答案：Women tend to use more prestigious forms, more polite and indirect language, more tag questions, less powerful curse words, more statement questions, and more specific color terms th

47、an their male counterparts. In mixed-gender groups, at public gatherings, and in many informal conversations, men spend more time talking than do women. For example, in one experiment, the men with expertise talked longer than the women with expertise. Men initiate more interaction than do women.)解析

48、：27.Describe the process of language perception, comprehension and production.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）_正確答案：(正確答案：From the perspective of psycholinguistic analysis, language use in terms of perception, comprehension and production follows a certain pattern which involves the coordination of various language center

49、s. When we speak, words are drawn from Wernicke's area and transferred to Broca's area, which determines the details of their forms and pronunciations. The appropriate instructions are then sent to the motor area which controls the vocal tract to physically articulate the words. When we hear

50、 something and try to comprehend it, the stimulus from the auditory cortex is transmitted to Wernicke's area, where it is then interpreted. When we perceive a visual image, a message is sent to the angular gyrus, where it is converted into a visual pattern.)解析：28.What is Sapir - Whorf hypothesis

51、?（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）_正確答案：(正確答案：It is a belief that our language helps mould our way of thinking and, consequently, different languages may probably express our unique ways of understanding the world. On the one hand, language may determine our thinking patterns; on the other, similarity between languages rel

52、ative, the greater their structural differentiation is, the more diverse their conceptualization of the world will be. As this hypothesis was strongly put forward by the American anthropological linguists Sapir and Whorf, it has often been called the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.)解析：五、 名詞解釋(總題數(shù)：12，分?jǐn)?shù)：24.0

53、0)29.Linguistic relativity(四川大學(xué)2010研；人大2006研)（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）_正確答案：(正確答案：Linguistic relativity: This is one of two points in Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. It states that similarity between languages is relative, the greater their structural differentiation is, the more diverse their conceptualization of the worl

54、d is. For example, not every language has the same set of words for the colors; in Spanish there is no word that corresponds to the English meaning of "blue".)解析：30.Sapir-Whorf hypothesis (武漢大學(xué)2004研)（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）_正確答案：(正確答案：Sapir-Whorf hypothesis consists of two parts: linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity. Linguistic determinism refers to the notion that a language determines certain nonlinguistic cognitive processes. Different languages offer people different ways of expressing around, they think and speak differently. Linguistic relativity refers to the claim