小學(xué)英語句型及語法大全

1、學(xué)英語主要句型匯總I 詢問姓名、年齡:name,How old1. -Whats your name? -你叫什么名字?-My name is _. -我叫。2. -Whats his name? -他的名字是什么?-His name is Mike. -他的名字是麥克。3. -Whats her name? -她的名字是什么?-Her name is Chen Jie.-她的名字是陳婕。4. -How old are you? -你幾歲了?-Im 12. -我十二歲。5. -How old is he/she? -他/她幾歲了?-He/She is 23. -他/她23歲。II 詢問顏色:c

2、olour1. -What colour is it? -它是什么顏色的?-Its yellow and white. -黃白相間。2. -What colour are they? -它們是什么顏色的?-Theyre green. -綠色的。III 詢問時間或日期:When1. -What time is it now? -現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)鐘?-Its nine oclock. Its time for English class. -九點(diǎn)。該上英語課了。(-Its eight oclock. Its time to go to bed. (-八點(diǎn)。該上床睡覺了。2. -What day is it

3、 today? -今天星期幾?-Its Monday. -星期一。-What do we have on Mondays? -我們星期一上哪些課?-We have Chinese, English, math -語文、英語、數(shù)學(xué)3. -When is your birthday? -你的生日是什么時候?-Its October 1st, our National Day. -十月一日.國慶節(jié)。4. -When do you do morning exercises? -你們什么時候做早鍛煉?-I usually do morning exercises at 8:30. -我們通常8:30做早

4、鍛煉。IV 詢問方位或地方:Where1. -Where is my toy car? -我的玩具汽車在哪兒?-Its here, under the chair. -在這兒.在椅子下面。2. -Where is the canteen? -餐廳在哪兒?-Its on the first floor. -在一樓。3. -Where are the keys? -鑰匙在哪兒?-Theyre in the door. -在門上。4. -Excuse me. Where is the library, please? -對不起.請問圖書館在哪兒?-Its near the post office.

5、-在郵局附近。5. -Where are you from? -你從哪兒來?-Im from China. -我從中國來。6. -Where does the rain come from? -雨是從哪兒來的?-It comes from the clouds. -它是從云層里來的。V 詢問數(shù)量或價錢:How many ,How much1. -How many kites can you see? -你可以看見幾只風(fēng)箏?-I can see 12. -我可以看見十二只風(fēng)箏。2. -How many crayons do you have? -你有多少支彩筆?-I have 16. -我有十六

6、支。3. -How many people are there in your family? -你家有幾口人?-Three. -三人。4. -How much is this dress? -這條連衣裙多少錢?-Its ninety-nine yuan. -九十九元。5. -How much are these apples? -這些蘋果多少錢?-Theyre thirty-five yuan. -三十五元。XVI “How”問句:How tall, How heavy, How long1. -How tall are you? -你有多高?-Im 160 cm tall. Im tall

7、er than you. -我有160公分。我比你高。2. -How heavy are you? -你有多重?-Im 48 kg. Youre heavier than me. -我有48公斤。你比我重。3. -How do you go to school? -你怎么上學(xué)?-Usually I go to school on foot. Sometimes I go by bike. -我通常步行上學(xué)。有時候騎自行車。4. -How can I get to Zhongshan Park? -我怎么到中山公園去?-You can go by the No. 15 bus. -你可以乘坐15

8、路公汽。(-Go straight for five minutes. Then turn left. Its on the left. -直走五分鐘。然后左轉(zhuǎn)。公園就在左邊。5. How long 有多長?VIII詢問身體狀況或情緒:feel, matter1. -How do you feel? -你感覺如何?-I feel sick. -我覺得不舒服。-How does Chen Jie feel? -陳潔感覺如何?-Shes tired. -她很疲倦。2. -Whats the matter? -怎么了?-My throat is sore. / I have a sore throa

9、t.-我的喉嚨疼。3. -How are you, Sarah? You look so happy. -你好嗎.莎拉?你看起來這么傷心。-I failed the math test. -我的數(shù)學(xué)考試沒有通過。VI 詢問想吃的東西:would like1. -What would you like for breakfast / lunch / dinner ? -你早餐/中餐/晚餐想吃點(diǎn)什么?-Id like some bread and milk / rice and soup. -我想吃面包和牛奶/米飯和湯。2. -Whats for breakfast / lunch / dinne

10、r? -早餐/中餐/晚餐吃什么?-Hamburgers and orange juice. -漢堡包和橙汁。VII 詢問天氣狀況:weather1. -Whats the weather like in Beijing? -北京的天氣如何?-Its rainy today. How about New York? -今天是雨天。紐約呢?-Its sunny and hot. -今天是晴天.天氣很熱。IX 詢問職業(yè)、身份或人物:Who , What1. -Whats your father / mother? -你的父親/ 母親是做什么的?-Hes a doctor. / Shes a teac

11、her. -他是一名醫(yī)生。/ 她是一名教師。2. -What does you mother / father do? -你的母親/ 父親是做什么的?-Shes a TV reporter. / Hes a teacher. He teaches English.-她是一名電視臺記者。/他是一名教師。他教英語。3. -Whos that man / woman? -那位男士/ 女士是誰?-Hes my father. / Shes my mother. -他是我父親。/ 她是我母親。4, -Whos this boy / girl? -那個男孩兒/ 女孩兒是誰?-Hes my brother.

12、 / Shes my sister. -他是我兄弟。/ 她是我姐妹。5. -Whos your art teacher? -你們的美術(shù)老師是誰?-Miss Wang. -王老師。-Whats she like? -她長什么樣兒?-Shes young and thin. -她很年輕、苗條。X 詢問興趣、喜好:favourite1. -Whats your favourite food / drink? -你最喜歡的食物/ 飲料是什么?-Fish / orange juice. -魚。/ 橙汁。2. -Whats your favourite season? -你最喜歡的季節(jié)是什么?-Winte

13、r. -冬天。(-Which season do you like best? (-你最喜歡哪個季節(jié)?-Winter. -冬天。-Why do you like winter? -你為什么喜歡冬天?-Because I can make a snowman. -因?yàn)榭梢远蜒┤恕?. -Whats your hobby? -你的愛好是什么?-I like collecting stamps. -我喜歡集郵。-Whats his hobby? -他的愛好是什么?-He likes riding a bike. -他喜歡騎自行車。4. -Do you like peaches? -你喜歡吃桃子嗎?-

14、Yes, I do. / No, I dont. -喜歡。/ 不喜歡。XI 詢問平時一般做的事情:What1. -What do you do on Saturdays / on the weekends? -你星期六/ 周末一般做什么?-I usually do my homework. Sometimes I play football. -我通常做作業(yè).有時候踢足球。XII 詢問正在做的事情:What + -ing1. -What are you doing? -你在做什么?-Im doing the dishes. -我在洗盤子。2. -Whats your father doing?

15、 -你父親正在做什么?-Hes writing an e-mail. -他正在寫電子郵件。3. -Whats the tiger doing? -那只老虎在干什么?-Its running. -它在奔跑。4. -What are the elephants doing? -那些大象在干什么?-Theyre drinking. -它們正在喝水。XIII 詢問將要做的事情:What/Where/When + going1. -What are you going to do? -你準(zhǔn)備做什么?-Im going to the cinema. -我準(zhǔn)備去看電影。-When are you going

16、 to do? -你準(zhǔn)備什么時候去?-This afternoon. -今天下午。2. -where are you going this afternoon? -今天下午你準(zhǔn)備到哪兒去?-Im going to the bookstore. -我準(zhǔn)備到書店去。-What are you going to buy? -你打算買點(diǎn)兒什么?-Im going to buy a comic book. -我準(zhǔn)備買本漫畫書。XIV 詢問曾經(jīng)做的事情:1. -Where did you go last weekend / yesterday / on your holiday?-你上周末/昨天/假期到哪

17、兒去了?-I went to Wuhan. -我去了武漢。2. -How did you go there? -你怎么去的?-I went by train. -我坐火車去的。3. -What did you do there? -你在那兒做了些什么?-I went shopping. -我去購物了。XV 一般疑問句:1. -Is this your bedroom? -這是你的臥室嗎?-Yes, it is. -是的。-Is your sister in the living room? -你姐姐在客廳嗎?-No, she isnt. / Yes, she is. -不在。/ 在。2. -I

18、s this your skirt? -這是你的短裙嗎?-Yes, it is. / No, it isnt. -是的。/ 不是。3. -Is your English teacher young? -你的英語老師年輕嗎?-Yes, she is. / No, she isnt. -是的。/不.她不年輕。4. -Are these / those / they cucumbers? -這些/ 那些是黃瓜嗎?-Yes, they are. / No, they arent. -是的。/ 不是的。5. -Is there a river in the park? -公園里有一條小河嗎?-Yes,

19、there is. / No, there isnt. -有。/ 沒有。-Are there any bridges in your village? -你們村子里有橋嗎?-Yes, there are. / No, there arent. -有。/ 沒有。6. -Can I wear my new shirt today? -我今天可以穿新襯衫嗎?-Yes, you can. / No, you cant. -可以。/ 不可以。7. -Can you wash your clothes? -你會洗衣服嗎?-Yes, I can. / No, I cant. -會。/ 不會。8. -Does

20、 your pen pal live in Shanghai? -你的筆友住在上海嗎?-No, he doesnt. He lives in Beijing. -不.他住在北京。9. -Does she teach English? -她教英語嗎?-No, she doesnt. She teaches math. -不.她教數(shù)學(xué)。10. -Did you read books yesterday? -你昨天讀書了嗎?-Yes, I did. / No, I didnt. -讀了。/ 沒讀。XVII 其他:1. -Whats in the classroom? -教室里有什么?-A board

21、, six lights, three fans, many desks and chairs.-一塊黑板、六盞燈.三把電扇和許多桌椅。2. What about you? / How about you? -你呢?3. I like the white sweater with the green skirt. -我喜歡這件白毛衣配這條綠短裙。4. -Whose is it? -它是誰的?-Its mine / yours / his / hers. -是我的。/ 你的。/ 他的。/ 她的。5. -What can you do? -你會做什么?-Im helpful. I can swee

22、p the floor and do the dishes. -我很能干。我會掃地、洗盤子。6. -Whats your bedroom like? -你的臥室是什么樣兒的?-There is a big closet and a new mirror. There are blue curtains.-臥室里有一個大衣櫥和一面新鏡子。還有藍(lán)色的窗簾。小學(xué)英語語法大全第一章名詞一、定義名詞是表示人或事物名稱的詞。它既可以表示具體的東西,也可以是表示抽象的東西。二、分類1. 名詞可以根據(jù)意義分為普通名詞和專有名詞如:john is a studentstudent是普通名詞,john是專有名詞普

23、通名詞前可以用不定冠詞a/an, 定冠詞the 或不加冠詞,專有名詞前一般不加冠詞,專有名詞的首字母要大寫。2. 普通名詞又可以分為個體名詞、集體名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞,其中個體名詞與集體名詞是可數(shù)名詞,物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名稱是不可數(shù)名詞。3. 專有名詞專有名詞是表示人名、地名、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)、組織等的專有名詞,多為獨(dú)一無二的事物。三、名詞的數(shù)1、名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞可以數(shù)的名詞不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)不清(沒有復(fù)數(shù)drink?milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridgefood?rice bread meat fish fruit cake

24、 dumplings2、可數(shù)名詞與不定冠詞a(an連用有數(shù)數(shù)形式,不可數(shù)名詞不能與不定冠詞a(an連用,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)much/a little+不可數(shù)名詞some, any , a lot of (lots of 兩者都可以修飾。3、可數(shù)名詞可以直接用數(shù)詞來修飾不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)詞 +量詞 +of + 名詞對可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用how many對不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用 how much4、不可數(shù)名詞的量有以下兩種表示方法:1 some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,a bit of , plenty of 用等表示多少。注意既可以與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),又可以與

25、不可數(shù)名詞連用的有:plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等。如there is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。i'll tell you much good news.我要告訴你許多好消息。we should collect some useful information我們應(yīng)該收集一些有用的消息。2用單位詞表示。用a . of 表示。如 a cup of (一杯.,a bottle of (一瓶.a piece of (一張.,a pair of shoes(一雙鞋如two cups of tea

26、(兩杯茶,five pieces of paper(五張紙注意單位詞后的動詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式往往取決于單位詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式;千、百等數(shù)詞與名詞加用,表示復(fù)數(shù)時,數(shù)詞仍保持單數(shù),名詞變復(fù)數(shù)。如two hundred students(200名學(xué)生ten thousand trees(10000棵樹測試點(diǎn)he caught a lot of fish他抓到了許多魚(此處為許多條魚,fish的復(fù)數(shù)仍為fish或fishes=he caught a lot of fishes.the paper is about some fresh-water fishes.這篇論文是有關(guān)幾種淡水魚的。(此處fish表示不

27、同種類的魚,加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-es5、可數(shù)名詞分為單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)。名詞單數(shù)就是該詞本身,在其前面加a或an。1單數(shù)如a desk(一張桌子an old desk(一張舊書桌2復(fù)數(shù):要表示一個以上概念時,要用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則變化1一般情況下加-s如book-books(書desk-desks(書桌2以s ,x ,ch , sh結(jié)尾加-es如box-boxes(盒子bus-buses(公共汽車注意以 th 結(jié)尾加-s, month-monthsstomach-stomachs3以輔音字母+結(jié)尾,變y為i再加- es。如city-cities(城市 country-countries(國家注意以元音+y,直接

28、加s。如:day-days(天,boy-boys(男孩 4以f或fe結(jié)尾,復(fù)數(shù)變f或 fe 為v再加-es如knife-knives(書 , half-halves(一半(thief ,wife ,life ,shelf ,knife ,leaf ,self ,half ,wolf 注意有少數(shù)詞后直接加s,如roof-roofs (屋頂5以o結(jié)尾(1輔音字母加o結(jié)尾名詞的加-es如tomato-tomatoes(西紅杮potato-potatoes(土豆(2 元音字母加o結(jié)尾名詞的加-s如piano-pianos (鋼琴, zoo-zoos(動物園photo-photos (照片, kanga

29、roo-kangaroos(袋鼠kilo-kilos(千克注意zero 兩種方式都可:zero-zeros或 zeroes(零不規(guī)則變化1 元音字母發(fā)變化。如man-men(男人 , woman-women(婦女tooth-teeth(牙齒 , foot-feet(腳mouse-mice(老鼠 , policeman-policemen(警察 policewoman-policewomen(女警察2 詞尾發(fā)生變化。如child-children(小孩 , ox-oxen(公牛3 單、復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。如fish-fish(魚 ,sheep-sheep(綿羊 ,deer-deer(鹿 , chine

30、se-chinese(中國人 ,yuan-yuan(元 ,jinn-jinn(斤 注意不說an english,要說an englishman.fish作魚肉講時不可數(shù),沒有復(fù)數(shù)。fishes指各種不同種類魚或指幾條魚。4 形似單數(shù),實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)意義。如people(人,人們these people(不說a people,可說a personpolice(公安,警察ten police(不說a police,可說a policeman5 由man和woman構(gòu)成的合成名詞,變復(fù)數(shù)將名詞及man或woman都變成復(fù)數(shù)。如a man driver-men drivers(男司機(jī)a woman doct

31、or-women doctors (女醫(yī)生6 合成名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時,通常只將里面所含的主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。如passer-by-passers-by(過路人bus driver-bus drivers(汽車司機(jī)注意如果沒有主體名詞,就在最后一詞上加-s。如:grown-up-grown-ups(成年人letter-box-letter-boxes (信箱注意hair和fruit通常作單數(shù),表示總體。若表示若干根頭發(fā)或若干種水果,則需用這兩個詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如would you like some more fruit? 你要不要再吃點(diǎn)水果?we bought a lot of fruit from

32、the market. 我們從市場上買了許多水果, china has some good frits. 中國有一些好的水果。(指種類she has a few white hairs. 她有幾要白頭發(fā)。his black hair is going white. 他的黑發(fā)逐漸變成灰白色。注意wind ,snow和rain這類詞,有時也可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示多次的風(fēng)、雪或雨。注意以boy 和girl開頭的復(fù)合名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)時,一般只把后一名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)。如 boy student-boy students(男學(xué)生girlfriend-girlfriends(女朋友7 有些名詞只有作復(fù)數(shù)。如sciss

33、ors(剪刀a pair of scissors(一把剪刀trousers(褲子shorts(短褲jeans(工裝褲compasses(兩腳規(guī)scales(天平sunglasses(太陽鏡surroundings(環(huán)境savings(儲蓄writings(作品名詞+man(woman構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式通常與簡單名詞一樣,即把man(woman改成men(women。如englishman-englishmen(英國人frenchwoman-frenchwomen(法國婦女注意german不是復(fù)合詞,它的復(fù)數(shù)是germans。四、名詞的所有格有些名詞的可以加來表示所有關(guān)系,帶這種詞尾的名

34、詞的形式稱為該名詞的所有格。如mary's father(瑪麗的父親jim's mother(吉姆的母親與所有格相對來看,不帶這種詞尾的形式就稱為普通格。1.名詞所有格的構(gòu)成法1單數(shù)名詞詞尾加's復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾如沒有s,也要加's。如tom's knife(湯姆的小刀children's books(兒童書籍2表示幾個人共有一樣?xùn)|西,只需在最后一個人名字后加,如果表示各自所有,則需在各個名字后加。如jim and mike's room吉姆和麥克(共用的房間jim's and mike's rooms吉姆和麥克(各自的房間3

35、若名詞已有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s,只加"'"即可。如the students' reading-room(學(xué)生閱覽室everyone needs to have at least eight hours' sleep a night. 每個人每晚需要至少8小時的睡眠。(新目標(biāo)英語九年級注意所有格的讀音和名詞復(fù)數(shù)的讀音一樣。名詞所有格主要用于表示有生命東西(特別是人或高級動物的名詞。如this is a woman's work. 這是女人干的工作。this is a girls' school. 這是一所女子學(xué)校。4以-s結(jié)尾的專有名詞,構(gòu)成所

36、有格仍然加's,或只加',但讀音都是/iz/。如 mr jones's(mr jones'book(瓊斯先生的書keats' works(濟(jì)慈的作品(1表示時間和距離的名詞。如where is today's newspaper? 今天的報(bào)紙?jiān)谀膬?an hour's walk isn't far. 一小時的路程不遠(yuǎn)。(1 有些無生命東西的名詞,如國家,城市季節(jié),太陽,月亮,大地,江河,海洋,船等名詞也可用's,表示所有關(guān)系。如china's population(中國人口the city's life(城

37、市生活注意在表示店鋪或某人家時,為避免重復(fù)(因前面已提到,名詞所有格后面可省略它所修飾的名詞。my uncle's(我叔叔家 ,the doctor's(醫(yī)生的診所2.短語所有格有生命的名詞,我們用's結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系,如果是無生命的,我們就要用"名詞+of+名詞"的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示。the window of the house(這間房子的窗戶注意當(dāng)'s所有格用來表示事物類別或?qū)傩詴r不可用of所有格。如:男式鞋應(yīng)是men's,而不是shoes of men。3.of +名詞所有格of +名詞所有稱為雙重所有格,使用時要注意以下幾項(xiàng)。1表

38、示部分時,前面的詞一定要有a ,an ,some ,any ,few ,two ,no ,several (幾個之類有修飾語,不能是one和the 。如可說:a book of my brother's 我兄弟的一本書不說:books of my brother's或 book of my brother's .2當(dāng)帶有感情色彩時,可用the ,this ,that ,these ,those于名詞前。如the pretty daughter of your sister's 你姐姐的漂亮的女兒did you read that book of lu xun&#

39、39;s ? 你讀過魯迅的那本書嗎?3of 前面的名詞不能是專有名詞。如不說:this is john of his uncle's.4of 后面的名詞必須是特定的。如these books of my friend's are good 我朋友的這些書很好。5of 后面的名詞必須是指人的名詞。比較不說it is a leaf of the tree's.a picture of my father指的是爸爸本人的照片。注意of 所有格和雙重所有格有時可以交替使用,意義無甚區(qū)別。如a friend of my brothera friend of my brother&

40、#39;s測試點(diǎn)a car of betty's cars ,不可換為a car of betty.。jim's and tom's fathers are in the same office now.吉姆的父親的湯姆父親目前在同一辦公室。常用口訣表示民族的名詞順口溜(1“中、日、瑞”友好是一致。(2“英、法”聯(lián)盟a變e。(3其他一律加s 即chinese,japanese單復(fù)數(shù)同形;englishman,frenchman 的復(fù)數(shù)為englishmen,frenchmen;其他像german,american,australian等的復(fù)數(shù)形式是在后面加“s”。o結(jié)尾

41、的名詞順口溜1有生命的以o結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時,詞尾加es,凡無生命的以o結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時,詞尾加s。有生命:potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes, hero-heroes, negro-negroes 如無生命:zoo-zoos, radio-radios, photo-photos, piano-pianos, zero-zeros, bamboo(竹竿-bamboos, tobacco(煙絲-tobaccos12兩人兩菜一火山。(+es小學(xué)中學(xué)課本中以o結(jié)尾的名詞構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)時,加es的只有negro(黑人, hero(英雄,potato(土豆,tomato(西紅

42、杮,volcano(火山,這就是“兩人兩菜一火山”?；?黑人和英雄吃土豆和西紅柿egroes and heroes eat tomatoes and potatoes 2其余以o結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時均加s。圖景:你在“zoo”里,看見一要“bamboo”,上面掛著一張“photo”,所照的是一架“piano”,上面放著一臺“radio”。zoo-zoos , bamboo-bamboos,photo-photos piano-pianos, radio-radios.f、fe結(jié)尾的順口溜(1以f(e結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時,有的把f(e改為v(e再加s,其他的以“f(e”結(jié)尾的名詞則直接加“s”。妻

43、子持刀去宰狼,小偷嚇得發(fā)了慌;躲在架后保己命,半片樹葉遮目光。 wife(妻子,knife(刀子,wolf(狼 thief(小偷,shelf(架子,life(生命leaf(樹葉,self(自己, half(一半,這9個名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時,都要改“f(e”為“ve”再加“s”。(2以f結(jié)尾的名詞,一般把把f改為ves,但也有特殊情況是直接加-s的,如gulf, roof, chief, serf, belief, proof, handkerchief。編成口訣聯(lián)想:海灣邊、屋頂上,首領(lǐng)農(nóng)仆相望;誰說他們無信仰,語氣定在手帕上巧記不規(guī)則名詞單變復(fù)男女腳步牙鵝,老鼠加虱婆。man-men; woman-

44、women; foot-feet; tooth-teeth; goose-geese; mouse-mice; louse-lice.第二章冠詞一、定義冠詞是一種虛詞,本身不能單獨(dú)使用,也沒有詞義,它用在名詞的前面(相當(dāng)于名詞的帽子,幫助指明名詞的含義。二、分類共3類:定冠詞(the definite article,不定冠詞(the indefinite article、零冠詞(zero article。三、用法1、定冠詞的用法a 、an與數(shù)詞one 同源,是"一個"的意思。a用于輔音音素前,而an則用于元音音素前。(1 表示某一類人或某事物中的任何一個,經(jīng)常用在第一次提

45、到某人或某物時,用不定冠詞起介紹作用,表示一個。i gave him a book yesterday .我昨天給了他一本書i am reading an interesting story . 我在讀一則有趣的故事。(2 表示人或事物的某一種類, 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體, 即以其中的一個代表一類。a horse is useful to mankind. 馬對人類有用。(3 不定冠詞用在事物的"單位"前,如時間, 速度, 價格等意義的名詞之前,表示"每一"。we often go to school two times a day. 我們常常一天兩次去學(xué)校。i we

46、nt to the library once a week at least.(4 不定冠詞用來指某人某物,但不具體說明任何人或任何物。a boy came to see you a moment ago. 剛才有一個小孩來找你。(5在序數(shù)詞前表示"又一;再一"時。如:i want to read the story a second time 我想再讀一遍這篇小說。(6 表示不特定的"某一個"時。如:a mr. smith is calling on the phone. 有一位史密斯先生來電話找你。(7在特定的短語里表示特定的含義,與不可數(shù)名詞連用,

47、如:have a good time 過得高興(8 一日三餐前有修飾語時。如:-mum, what shall we have for lunch?-jiaozi.-oh, what a wonderful lunch! i enjoy it very much.(9 在形容詞最高級前表示"非常"時。如:lesson nine is a most difficult lesson, but it isn't the most difficult one.(10不定冠詞用于某些詞組中。a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a p

48、ile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden2.定冠詞的用法定冠詞the與指示代詞this,that,these,those同源,有"那(這個" "這(那些"的意思,但較弱,可以和一個名詞連用,來表示某個或某些特定的人或東西。以下為必須加定冠詞的情形:(

49、1在表示雙方都明白的人或物的名詞之前:take the medicine. 把藥吃了。(2在上文提到過的人或事的名稱之前:he bought a house. i've been to the house.他買了幢房子。我去過那幢房子。(3在指世上獨(dú)一無二的事物的名詞之前:the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth(4與單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物,如:the fox is cunning .狐貍是狡猾的。(5與形容詞或分詞連用,表示一類人:the rich 富人; the living 生者。(6用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級,及形容詞only, very, s

50、ame等前面:where do you live? i live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二層。that's the very thing that ineed 那正是我需要的東西。(7在表示".世紀(jì).年代"的結(jié)構(gòu)之前he began to learn russian in the 1950s. 他在20實(shí)際50年代開始學(xué)俄語。但注意:in one's 50s意為"在某人五十多歲時"。如:he looked quite healthy though he was in his 80s.(8在比較級的兩種句

51、型中: 表示"越 .,就越."時。如:the lighter, the better. 越輕越好。表示"兩者中比較."時,用定冠詞。如:there are two books on the table. i like the thicker one.(9用在"動詞+sb.+介詞+the+身體部位名稱"的結(jié)構(gòu)中(注意:介詞常用in/on/by。如:the ball hit me on the back. 球打中了他的頭。(10 在表示"計(jì)量單位"的可數(shù)名詞前(注意:介詞用by。如:the workers are pa

52、id by the hour/day/month. 按月付給工人工資 .(11用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前:the great wall(長城,the people's park(人民公園等。the people's republic of china 中華人民共和國the united states 美國(12用在表示樂器的名詞之前:she plays the piano. 她會彈鋼琴.the little girl likes to play the violin. 小女孩喜歡拉小提琴。(13定冠詞用在文藝活動,運(yùn)動場所的名稱前。they are going to t

53、he cinema tonight. 他們今晚要去影院看電影。(14用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前,表示一家人:the greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫婦(15在方位名詞之前,如:in the west on the west(16在某些短語中in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening, the day after tomorrow ,the day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky (water,field,country in the dark, in the rain, in the

54、distance, in the middle (of, in the end, on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre3、零冠詞(不用定冠詞(1 在物質(zhì)名詞前,如:water is very important . 水是非常重要的。(2 在抽象名詞前,如:failure is the mother of success. 失敗乃成功之母。(3 復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示人或物的種類時,如:doctors cure patients. 醫(yī)生治病救人 .those people are teachers, not students. 這些人是老師,不是學(xué)生 . (4 在有關(guān)游戲的名詞前,如:do you like to play chess? 你喜歡下棋嗎 ?(5 在"by + 交通工具"的短語里,如:shall we walk or go by bus? 我們乘車還是步行 ?(6 在國名,人名和地名前通常不用定冠詞,如:england,mary;(7在年份、季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)日、假日、日期、星期等表示時間的名詞之前,不加冠詞;we go to school from monday to friday. 我們從星期一到星期五都上課。(8在稱呼