2019高考江蘇卷英語解析版

1、2019高考江蘇卷英語解析版英語高考題第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分20分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.答案是C。1 .Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Takephotos.B.Buyacamera.C.Helpthewom

2、an.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.2 Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Anoisynight.C.Aplaceofliving.3Whereisthemannow?A.Onhisway.C.Athome.4,WhatwillCeliado?AFindaplayer.CPlaybasketball.5 Whatdayisitwhentheconversationtakesplace?ASaturday.CMonday.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選

3、項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WhatisSaragoingtodo?A.BuyJohnagift.C.InviteJohntoFrance.7.WhatdoesthemanthinkofSara'splan?B.Theirlifeintown.B.Inarestaurant.BWatchagame.BSunday.BGiveJohnasurprise.A.Funny.B.Exciting.C.Strange.聽第7段材料，回

4、答第8、9題。8.WhydoesDianasaysorrytoPeter?AShehastogiveuphertravelplan.BShewantstovisitanothercity.C.Sheneedstoputoffhertest.9.WhatdoesDianawantPetertodo?AHelpherwithherstudy.BTakeabooktoherfriend.CTeachageographylesson.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whydoesthemancallthewoman?ATotellherabouthernewjob.BToaskabouther

5、jobprogram.CToplanameetingwithher.11Whoneedsanewflat?AAlex.BAndrea.CMiranda.12 Whereisthewomannow?AInBaltimore.CInAvon.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13 WhatdoesJanconsidermostimportantwhenhejudgesarestaurant?AWheretherestaurantis.BWhetherthepricesarelow.CHowwellthefoodisprepared.14.WhendidJanbegintowriteforamaga

6、zine?AAfterhecamebacktoSweden.BBeforehewenttotheUnitedStates.C.Assoonashegothisfirstjobin1982.15.WhatmayJandotofindagoodrestaurant?A.Talktopeopleinthestreet.B.Speaktotaxidrivers.C.Askhotelclerks.16.WhatdoweknowaboutJan?BInNewYork.A.Hecooksforarestaurant.B.Hetravelsalotforhiswork.C.HeprefersAmericanf

7、ood.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhatdoweknowaboutthePlazaLeon?AIt'sanewbuilding.BIt'sasmalltown.CIt'sapublicplace.18 .WhendoparentsandchildrenlikegoingtothePlazaLeon?ASaturdaynights.BSundayafternoons.CFridaysandSaturdays.19 .Whichstreetisknownforitsfoodshopsandmarkets?AViadelMarStreet.BFernando

8、Street.CHernandesStreet.20 WhydoesthespeakerlikeHoratioStreetbest?A.Ithasanoldstonesurface.B.Itisnamedafterawriter.C.Ithasafamousuniversity.答案1.A2.C3.A4.C5.B6.B7.B8.A9.B10.A11.B12.A13.C14.A15.A16.B17.C18.B19.C20.C第二部分英語知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)單項(xiàng)填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）請認(rèn)真閱讀下面各題，從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題

9、卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。例：Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshewants.AhoweverBwhateverDwheneverC.whichever答案是B。21 .Generally,students'innermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothersessentialtotheirdevelopment.AisareC.wasD.were答案A考查時(shí)態(tài)與主謂一致。句意：一般來說，來自別人較高期望值與學(xué)生內(nèi)在的驅(qū)動力對他們的發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。該題說的是普遍現(xiàn)象，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。22.一TheT-

10、shirtIreceivedisnotthesameasisshownonline.Whosays?ButIpromiseyouwe'lllookintoitrightaway.AC.WhatforBHowcomeDWhyworry答案B考查交際用語。句意：一一我收到的T恤衫與網(wǎng)上展示的不一樣。一一怎么會這樣呢？但我向你承諾，我們馬上進(jìn)行調(diào)查。A“誰說的"，B“怎么會這樣呢”，whatfor"為什么"，whyworry"為何煩惱"。23.Thetownissobeautiful!Ijustloveit.Metoo.Thecharacte

11、rofthetowniswell.A.qualifiedCdecoratedBpreservedDsimplified答案B考查動詞辨析。句意：一一這座城鎮(zhèn)太美了，我喜歡它。一一我也是。它的特點(diǎn)保存得很好。qualified"描述，限制"，preserved"保護(hù)"，decorated"裝飾"，simplified"簡化"。24.LionelMessi,therecordforthemostgoalsinacalendaryearisconsideredthemosttalentedfootballplayerin

12、Europe.A.setB.settingD.havingsetCtoset答案D考查非謂語動詞作狀語。句意：創(chuàng)造了年度進(jìn)球最多的紀(jì)錄，萊昂納爾梅西被認(rèn)為是歐洲最有天賦的足球運(yùn)動員。havingdone做狀語時(shí)，表示動作的先后順序。25.CouldIuseyourcartomorrowmorning?Sure.Iareportathome.A.willbewritingC.havewrittenBwillhavewrittenDhavebeenwriting答案A考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：一一我明天上午能使用你的車嗎？一一當(dāng)然可以。（那時(shí)）我將在家寫報(bào)告。A項(xiàng)是將來進(jìn)行時(shí)，與題意相符。26.Iama

13、lwaysdelightedwhenIreceiveane-mailfromyou.thepartyonJuly1st,Ishallbepleasedtoattend.A.OnaccountofC.InviewofBInresponsetoDWithregardto答案D考查介詞短語辨析。句意：當(dāng)我收到你的e-mail時(shí)，我很高興。至于7月1日的聚會，我樂意參加。onaccountof"由于，因?yàn)?quot;，inresponseto"響應(yīng)，回答“，inviewof”鑒于，考慮到"，withregardto”至于，關(guān)于"。27 "Neverfo

14、rasecond,“theboysays,"thatmyfatherwouldcometomyrescue.”A.IdoubtedB.doIdoubtD.didIdoubtC.Ihavedoubted答案D考查倒裝。句意：男孩說：我從不懷疑我父親會來救我。否定詞放句首時(shí)，該句要部分倒裝。28 .Intheglobaleconomy,anewdrugforcancer,itisdiscoveredwillcreatemanyeconomicpossibilitiesaroundtheworld.AwhateverCwhereverBwhoeverDwhichever答案C考查連詞辨析。

15、句意：在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)中，一種治療癌癥的新藥，無論在哪發(fā)現(xiàn)，都將給全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展帶來可能。A“無論什么”，B“無論是誰"，wherever“無論在哪"，whichever"無論哪一個(gè)"。29 .Teamleadersmustensurethatallmemberstheirnaturaldesiretoavoidtheembarrassmentassociatedwithmakingmistakes.A.getoverC.takeoverB.lookoverD.comeover答案A考查動詞短語辨析。句意：隊(duì)伍的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者必須確保，全體隊(duì)員應(yīng)當(dāng)克服與犯錯(cuò)有關(guān)的自然

16、感到的尷尬。getover"克服，恢復(fù)"，lookover"檢查，察看"；takeover”接管，接收“；comeover”過來，順便來訪“。30.IshouldnothavelaughedifIyouwereserious.A.thoughtBwouldthinkDhavethoughtChadthought答案C考查虛擬語氣。句意：如果我認(rèn)為你是認(rèn)真的話，我就不會嘲笑你了。對過去發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用haddone形式。31 .Shortlyaftersufferingfromamassiveearthquakeandtoruinsthecitytooko

17、nanewlook.AreducingBreducedDhavingreducedCbeingreduced答案C考查語態(tài)及非謂語動詞。句意：在經(jīng)受了大地震及夷為廢墟之后，這座城市呈現(xiàn)了新的面貌。from是介詞，介詞后跟ing做賓語。32 .ThepresidentoftheWorldBanksayshehasapassionforChina,heremembersstartingasearlyashischildhood.A.whereC.whatB.whichD.when答案B考查定語從句。句意：世行的總裁說他喜歡中國，這一點(diǎn)他記得早在他的童年時(shí)期就開始了。which指代“喜愛中國”。33

18、 .Withinspirationfromotherfoodcultures,Americanfoodculturecantakeaforthebetter.AshareBchanceCturnDlead答案C考查動詞辨析。句意：受到了其它飲食文化的啟發(fā)，美國的飲食文化正朝更好的方向發(fā)展。share"分享"，chance"機(jī)會"，turn"轉(zhuǎn)變"，lead"領(lǐng)導(dǎo)"。34. 一Whataboutyourself-drivetripyesterday?Tiring!Theroadisbeingwidened,andwe

19、aroughride.A.hadB.haveD.havehadC.wouldhave答案A考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：一一昨天你自駕游如何？一一太累了。道路正在拓寬，所以一路顛跛。由yesterday可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。35.Thankyoufortheflowers.Ithoughttheymightcheeryouup.A.That'srightC.I'mallrightB.AllrightD.It'sallright答案D考查口語辨析。句意：一一謝謝你的花。一一沒關(guān)系。我認(rèn)為花能使你振作起來。that'sright"是的，沒錯(cuò)”，allright&q

20、uot;好的"，I'mallright"我一切都好"It'sallright“沒什么，沒關(guān)系”.第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分）請認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。IusedtobelieveintheAmericanDream,whichmeantajob,amortgage（按揭），creditcards,success.Iwanteditandworkedtowarditlikeeveryoneelse，chasingthesamething.Oneyear

21、,throughaseriesofunhappyevents,fullofbrokenglassandrubbish.Ifoundtheowner,rentedit,Thelocalsknewnothingaboutme,slowlybeinganeighbor.TheydroppedoffblanketscandlesandtoolsandbeganaroundtoAmericanDreamnottheoneofindividualWhatIhadbelievedinallthosethingsIthoughtforacivilizedlifewerewithmyneighbors.Four

22、yearslater,theirjobsandhomes.Imanagedtorentabigenoughhousetoahandfulofpeople.Therearefourofusnowinthehouse,butovertimeI'vehadninepeoplecomeinandmoveTheAmericanDreamIbelieveinnowisasharedone.It'snotsomuchaboutwhatIcangetformyself;【語篇解讀】本文屬于夾敘夾議的文體。作者從自己的親身經(jīng)歷，反映出一個(gè)人的夢不是美國夢，所有人的夢才是美國夢，只有大家共同努力才

23、能實(shí)現(xiàn)共同的夢想。36.A.separatelyC.violentlyB.equallyD.naturally答案A句意：我們都在各自地追求同樣的事物。separately“各自地"，equally“平等地”，violently“猛烈地”，naturally“自然地”。37.A.offCoverBapartDout答案B句意：經(jīng)歷了一系列的不幸，一切都破碎了。falloff"跌落，掉下”，fallapart"崩潰，破碎"，fallover"跌倒，摔倒”，fallout"掉隊(duì)，爭吵”。38.A.crossedCtouredBleftDs

24、earched答案D句意：我在農(nóng)村尋找一處租金最便宜的地方，crossed"橫穿"，left"離開"toured"旅游"，searched"搜尋"。39.A.fullestB.largestD.cheapestCfairest答案D租最“便宜”的是理所當(dāng)然。40.A.atB.throughD.roundCover答案C句意：我在西弗吉尼亞州偶然找到了一處破舊的房子，它位于在Potomac河上一條崎嶇的山路上方。41.A.occupiedCemptiedBabandonedDrobbed答案B句意：它被荒廢了，到處都

25、是碎玻璃和垃圾。occupied"占領(lǐng)，占據(jù)”，abandoned”廢棄的，遺棄的"，emptied”空的，空虛的“，robbed"搶劫的”42.A.turnedB.approachedD.cutC.cleared答案C句意：clearacornertocampin,清理了一角來駐扎下來。43.A.butB.althoughD.forC.otherwise答案A句意：當(dāng)?shù)厝藢ξ乙粺o所知，但是，慢慢地他們開始教我成為鄰居的藝術(shù)。44A.benefitCnatureBlessonDart答案Dbenefit"利益，好處”，lesson"課程，教訓(xùn)I

26、”,nature"自然"，art“藝術(shù)”。45.A.stickingCswingingBlookingDturning答案A句意：他們放下毛氈，蠟燭和工具，并且開始留下來聊天。stickaround“徘徊，逗留"，lookaround"環(huán)視"swingaround"到處搖擺"，turnaround"轉(zhuǎn)身”。46.A.wildBrealDremoteCdifferent答案C句意：他們開始另一種不同美國夢的信念，它不是個(gè)人的成就而是睦鄰友好之夢。47.A.neighborlinessCfriendlinessBhap

27、pinessDkindness答案Aneighborliness”和睦，鄰人之誼”，happiness"幸福"，friendliness"友好"，kindness“善良"。48.A.uniqueCrareB.expensiveD.necessary答案D句意：我最初相信這些東西，在文明生活中是必須的，在這種地方是不存在的。49.A.UpB.DownD.AlongC.Deep答案A句意：在山上面，我最有價(jià)值的財(cái)產(chǎn)是與鄰居的關(guān)系。up在上文中有出處。50.A.cooperationB.relationshipsD.appointmentsCsati

28、sfaction答案Bcooperation”合作"，relationships”關(guān)系"，satisfaction"滿意"，appointments"預(yù)約"。51. .A.realityCtownBsocietyDlife答案C句意：四年后，我搬回了城市。根據(jù)上文的countryside可推出。52. A.creatingCquittingBlosingDoffering答案B句意：我看到許多人生活艱辛，失去工作和家園。create“創(chuàng)造”，lose“失去"，quit"放棄"，offer"提供&

29、quot;。53.A.putinB.turninD.getinCtakein答案C句意：我租了一間足夠大的房子，可以容納許多人。putin"放入，提交”，turnin"上交，告發(fā)"，takein"接受，拘留"，getin"進(jìn)入，收獲”。54. A.yardsBsheltersDcottagesCcamps答案B句意：如果我們不團(tuán)結(jié)起來，我們都將住在庇護(hù)所里。inyards"在庭院里”，inshelters"在庇護(hù)所里，在收容所里"，incamps"在營地"，incottages”在小村

30、莊里”。55.A.whenB.whatD.howCwhether答案D句意：它并不關(guān)乎我們?yōu)樽约旱玫绞裁矗顷P(guān)乎如何協(xié)作。第三部分閱讀理解(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)請認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。A56 .TheleafletistoinformvisitorsofthePark's.A.advancedmanagementB.thrillperformancesC.entertainmentfacilitiesD.thoughtfulservices答案D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)全文可知，該文講述了游樂場提供

31、的周到的服務(wù)。57 .AvisitortotheParkcan.A.rentastrolleroutsideFrontGateB.askforfirstaidbyThunderRunCsmokeintheWaterParkDleavehispetatKidZville答案B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文中順序可知急救中心在“ThunderRun”附近。BWe'veconsideredseveralwaysofpayingtocutinline:hiringlinestanders,buyingticketsfromscalpers(票販子)，orpurchasingline-cuttingprivi

32、legesdirectlyfrom,say,anairlineoranamusementpark.Eachofthesedealsreplacesthemoralsofthequeue(waitingyourturn)withthemoralsofthemarket(payingapriceforfasterservice)Marketsandqueuespayingandwaitingaretwodifferentwaysofallocatingthings,andeachisappropriatetodifferentactivities.Themoralsofthequeue,“Firs

33、tcome,firstserved,“haveanegalitarian（平等主義的）appeal.Theytellustoignoreprivilege,power,anddeeppockets.Theprincipleseemsrightonplaygroundsandatbusstops.Butthemoralsofthequeuedonotgovernalloccasions.IfIputmyhouseupforsale,Ihavenodutytoacceptthefirstofferthatcomesalong，simplybecauseit'sthefirst.Sellin

34、gmyhouseandwaitingforabusaredifferentactivities,properlygovernedbydifferentstandards.Sometimesstandardschange,anditisunclearwhichprincipleshouldapply.Thinkoftherecordedmessageyouhear,playedoverandover,asyouwaitonholdwhencallingyourbank:"Yourcallwillbeansweredintheorderinwhichitwasreceived."

35、;Thisisessentialforthemoralsofthequeue.It'sasifthecompanyistryingtoeaseourimpatiencewithfairness.Butdon'ttaketherecordedmessagetooseriously.Today,somepeople'scallsareansweredfasterthanothers.Callcentertechnologyenablescompaniesto“score“incomingcallsandtogivefasterservicetothosethatcomefr

36、omrichplaces.Youmightcallthistelephonicqueuejumping.Ofcourse,marketsandqueuesarenottheonlywaysofallocatingthings.Somegoodswedistributebymerit,othersbyneed,stillothersbychance.However,thetendencyofmarketstoreplacequeues,andothernonmarketwaysofallocatinggoodsissocommoninmodernlifethatwescarcelynoticei

37、tanymore.Itisstrikingthatmostofthepaidqueue-jumpingschemeswe'veconsidered-atairportsandamusementparks,incallcenters,doctors'offices,andnationalparksarerecentdevelopments,scarcelyimaginablethreedecadesago.Thedisappearanceofthequeuesintheseplacesmayseemanunusualconcern,butthesearenottheonlypla

38、cesthatmarketshaveentered.【語篇解讀】該篇就“排隊(duì)還是市場競爭”這一社會現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行剖析，提出該如何進(jìn)行分配。58 .Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingseemsgovernedbytheprinciple“Firstcome,firstserved"?A.Takingbuses.B.Buyinghouses.C.Flyingwithanairline.D.Visitingamusementparks.答案A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段第一句，Theprincipleseemsrightonplaygroundandatbu

39、sstops可知。59 .TheexampleoftherecordedmessageinParagraphs4and5illustrates.A.thenecessityofpatienceinqueuingB.theadvantageofmoderntechnologyC.theuncertaintyofallocationprincipleD.thefairnessoftelephonicservices答案C推理判斷題。由第五段第一句Butdon'ttaketherecordmessagetooseriously可推出。take.seriously”認(rèn)真對待"。60

40、.Thepassageismeantto.AjustifypayingforfasterservicesB.discussthemoralsofallocatingthingsC.analyzethereasonforstandinginlineD.criticizethebehaviorofqueuejumping答案B主旨大意題。整篇文章主要探討了如何分配的道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。而A、C、D三項(xiàng)只涉及到文中的部分內(nèi)容。CIfadiversurfacestooquickly,hemaysufferthebends.Nitrogen（氮）dissolved（溶解）inhisbloodissuddenlyl

41、iberatedbythereductionofpressure.Theconsequence,ifthebubbles（氣泡）accumulateinajoint,issharppainandabentbodythusthename.Ifthebubblesforminlungsorhisbrainhistheconsequencecanbedeath.Otherair-breathinganimalsalsosufferthisdecompression（減壓）sicknessiftheysurfacetoofast:whales,forexample.Andso,longago,didi

42、chthyosaurs.Thattheseancientseaanimalsgotthebendscanbeseenfromtheirbones.Ifbubblesofnitrogenforminsidethebonetheycancutoffitsbloodsupply.Thiskillsthecellsinthebone,andconsequentlyweakensit,sometimestothepointofcollapse.Fossil（化石）bonesthathavecavedinonthemselvesarethusasignthattheanimaloncehadthebend

43、s.BruceRothschildoftheUniversityofKansasknewallthiswhenhebeganastudyofichthyosaurbonestofindouthowwidespreadtheproblemwasinthepast.Whatheparticularlywantedtoinvestigatewashowichthyosaursadaptedtotheproblemofdecompressionoverthe150millionyears.Tothisend,heandhiscolleaguestraveledtheworld'snatural

44、-historymuseumslookingathundredsofichthyosaursfromtheTriassicperiodandfromthelaterJurassicandCretaceousperiods.Whenhestarted,heassumedthatsignsofthebendswouldberarerinyoungerfossils,reflectingtheirgradualevolutionofmeasurestodealwithdecompression.Instead,hewasastonishedtodiscovertheopposite.Morethan

45、15%ofJurassicandCretaceousichthyosaurshadsufferedthebendsbeforetheydied,butnotasingleTriassicspecimen（標(biāo)本）showedevidenceofthatsortofinjury.Ifichthyosaursdidevolveananti-decompressionmeans,theyclearlydidsoquicklyand,moststrangely,theylostitafterwards.ButthatisnotwhatDrRothschildthinkshappened.Hesuspec

46、tsitwasevolutioninotheranimalsthatcausedthechange.Whalesthatsufferthebendsoftendosobecausetheyhavesurfacedtoescapeapredator（捕食動物）suchasalargeshark.OneofthefeaturesofJurassicoceanswasanabundanceoflargesharksandcrocodiles,bothofwhichwerefondofichthyosaurlunches.Triassicoceans,bycontrast,weremercifully

47、shark-andcrocodile-free.IntheTriassic,then,ichthyosaursweretopofthefoodchain.IntheJurassicandCretaceous,theywereprey（獵物）aswellaspredatorandoftenhadtomakeaspeedyexitasaresult.【語篇解讀】該篇敘述了對魚龍化石的研究，得出為了應(yīng)對減壓問題，海洋動物逐步演變的過程：即魚龍的確曾進(jìn)化到了一種抗減壓病的機(jī)能，但BruceRothschild教授認(rèn)為這一變化是其他物種的進(jìn)化造成。61 .Whichofthefollowingisaty

48、picalsymptomofthebends?A.Atwistedbody.B.Agradualdecreaseinbloodsupply.C.Asuddenreleaseofnitrogeninblood.D.Adropinbloodpressure.答案A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中abentbody可知。62 .ThepurposeofRothschild'sstudyistosee.AhowoftenichthyosaurscaughtthebendsBhowichthyosaursadaptedtodecompressionCwhyichthyosaursbenttheirbodi

49、esDwhenichthyosaursbroketheirbones答案B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段whatheparticularlywantedtoinvestigatewashowichthyosaursadaptedtotheproblemofdecompressionoverthe150millionyears.可知。63 .Rothschild'sfindingstatedinParagraph4.AconfirmedhisassumptionBspeededuphisresearchprocessCdisagreedwithhisassumptionDchangedhisres

50、earchobjectives答案C推理判斷題。由第四段Instead,hewasastonishedtodiscovertheopposite可矢口。64 Rothschildmighthaveconcludedthatichthyosaurs.Afailedtoevolveananti-decompressionmeansBgraduallydevelopedmeasuresagainstthebendsC.diedoutbecauseoflargesharksandcrocodilesDevolvedananti-decompressionmeansbutsoonlostit答案A細(xì)節(jié)理

51、解題。由第五段ButthatisnotwhatDr.Rothschildthinkshappened.Hesuspectsitwasevolutioninotheranimalsthatcausedthechange可知。DMarkTwainhasbeencalledtheinventoroftheAmericannovel.Andhesurelydeservesadditionalpraise:themanwhopopularizedthecleverliteraryattackonracism.Isaycleverbecauseanti-slaveryfictionhadbeentheim

52、portantpartoftheliteratureintheyearsbeforetheCivilWar.H.B.Stowe'sUncleTom'sCabinisonlythemostfamousexample.Theseearlystoriesdealtdirectlywithslavery.Withminorexceptions,Twainplantedhisattacksonslaveryandprejudiceintotalesthatwereonthesurfaceaboutsomethingelseentirely.Hedrewhisreadersintothea

53、rgumentbydrawingthemintothestory.Againandagain,inthepostwaryears,Twainseemedforcedtodealwiththechallengeofrace.Considerthemostcontroversial,atleasttoday,ofTwain'snovels,AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn.OnlyafewbookshavebeenkickedofftheshelvesasoftenasHuckleberryFinn,Twain'smostwidelyreadtale.Once

54、uponatimepeoplehatedthebookbecauseitstruckthemasrude.Twainhimselfwrotethatthosewhobannedthebookconsideredthenovel“trashandsuitableonlyfortheslums（貧民窟）."MorerecentlythebookhasbeenattackedbecauseofthecharacterJim,theescapedslave,andmanyoccurencesofthewordnigger.（ThetermNiggerJim,forwhichthenoveli

55、softenseverelycriticizedneverappearsinit.）Buttheattackswereandaresillyandmissthepoint.Thenovelisstronglyanti-slavery.Jim'ssearchthroughtheslavestatesforthefamilyfromwhomhehasbeenforciblypartedisheroic.AsJ.Chadwickhaspointedout,thecharacterofJimwasafirstinAmericanfictionarecognitionthattheslaveha

56、dtwopersonalities,“thevoiceofsurvivalwithinawhiteslavecultureandthevoiceoftheindividual:Jim,thefatherandtheman.”Thereismuchmore.Twain'smysterynovelPudd'nheadWilsonstoodasachallengetotheracialbeliefsofevenmanyoftheliberalsofhisday.WrittenatatimewhentheacceptedwisdomheldNegroestobeinferior（低等的

57、）towhites,especiallyinintelligence,Twain'stalecenteredinpartaroundtwobabiesswitchedatbirth.Aslavegavebirthtohermaster'sbabyand,forfearthatthechildshouldbesoldSouth,switchedhimforthemaster'sbabybyhiswife.Theslave'slightskinnedchildwastakentobewhiteandgrewupwithboththeattitudesandtheed

58、ucationoftheslave-holdingclass.Themaster'swife'sbabywastakenforblackandgrewupwiththeattitudesandintonationsoftheslave.Thepointwasdifficulttomiss:nurture（養(yǎng)育），notnature,wasthekeytosocialstatus.Thefeaturesoftheblackmanthatprovidedthestuffofprejudicemannerofspeech,forexamplewere,toTwain,indicati

59、veofnothingotherthantheconditioningthatslaveryforcedonitsvictims.Twain'sracialtonewasnotperfect.Oneisleftuneasy,forexample,bythelengthypassageinhisautobiography（自傳）abouthowmuchhelovedwhatwerecalled“niggershows“inhisyouthmostlywithwhitemenperforminginblack-faceandhisdelightingettinghismothertolaughatthem.YetthereisnoreasontothinkTwainsawtheshowsasrepresen