The Pleasures of Learning

1、 By Gilbert HighetQUESTIONS:nWhat is the chief source of pleasure in human life? nDo you agree that the pleasure is in learning?Do you like learning? If not, why? nDo you think schooling is the only way to learn? If not, what are others?Famous sayings about learning:nIts never too late to learn.n活到老

2、學(xué)到老。nA young idler, an old beggar .n少壯不努力，老大徒傷悲。nBy reading we enrich the mind, by conversation we polish it. n讀書(shū)使人充實(shí)，交談使人精明。nFools learn nothing from wise men, but wise men learn much from fools. n愚者不學(xué)無(wú)術(shù)，智者不恥下問(wèn)。nNo pain, no gain . n一份耕耘一份收獲。nAll work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. n只會(huì)用功不玩耍，聰明孩子

3、也變傻。Para.1nA mistaken idea about learning-learning appears to be a surrender of our will to external direction, a sort of enslavement.Oughtnought to = shouldn一般為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，作名詞不常見(jiàn)。n文中含義：“道義上的事情”Mustn情態(tài)動(dòng)詞作名詞使用n“必須做的事”ne.g.n他的新作是所有犯罪小說(shuō)愛(ài)好者的必讀書(shū)。nHis new novel is a must for all lovers of crime fiction.rigidn in

4、flexiblene.g. The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid.n (of a person) rigid attitudesn (of an object or substance) a rigid support for the tentsneer atnSneer at the Oughts和resist the Musts這兩組動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)搭配用法值得大家記憶。n嘲笑，譏諷ne.g.n他嘲笑喜歡流行音樂(lè)的人。nHe sneered at people who liked pop music.surrendernn. ne.g. They

5、demanded an unconditional surrender.nv.n give inne.g. The hijackers eventually surrendered themselves to the police.para.2-3nLearning , in fact, is a natural pleasure, one of the essential pleasure of the human race.nSome delightful films made by the late Dr. Arnold Gesell of Yale University show li

6、ttle creatures who can barely talk investigating problems with all the zeal(熱情） and excitement of explorers, making discoveries with the passi on and absorption（專(zhuān)注） of dedicated（有奉獻(xiàn)精神的） scientists.nsth. shows sb. doing sth.ne.g. She is dedicated to her job.ndedicate: v. She dedicates herself to her

7、work.there comes over each tiny face an expression of pure heart-felt pleasure.ncome over: （指某種感覺(jué)）刺激或影響某人 (of a feeling) affect sb nSubject: an expression of pure heart-felt pleasurenAn expression of pure heart-felt pleasure comes over each tiny face.ninstinct n.n天性、本能、直覺(jué)ne.g.nHis first instinct was

8、 to run away.nEven at school, he showed he had an instinct for business.nHer instincts had been right.ngratificationn satisfactionne.g. nA feed will usually provide instant gratification to a crying baby.npossess v.n擁有、具有nHe was charged with possessing a shotgun without a licence.nIm afraid he doesn

9、t possess a sense of humour.para.4nWhat in the authors opinion produces dull and incurious people？n但是，如果說(shuō)學(xué)習(xí)的樂(lè)趣是帶有普遍性的，那為什么還有那么多人麻木遲鈍、對(duì)任何東西都不抱好奇心？這是因?yàn)?，他們接受了糟糕的教育、處在孤陋寡聞的狀態(tài)、向一成不變的日常生活妥協(xié)了，也許還為勞役和貧窮所困，或在金錢(qián)的毒害下耽于聲色，因此變得既麻木又遲鈍。然而，只要有適當(dāng)?shù)臋C(jī)會(huì)、堅(jiān)定的決心和明確的方向，作為人之本性的學(xué)習(xí)的樂(lè)趣完全可以保持下來(lái)，而不管生活富足與否。nDo you think schooling

10、is the only way to learn? What are the others?para. 5nLearning does include learning from books, not just textbooks.para.5From each of them goes out its own voice ,as inaudible as the streams of sound conveyed by electric waves beyond the range of our hearing, and just as the touch of a button on yo

11、ur stereo will find the room with music, so by opening one of these volumes, one can call into range a voice far distance in time and space, and hear it speaking, mind to mind, heart to heart.它們有自己的話(huà)語(yǔ)，如同電波傳送的聲音那樣不為人所覺(jué)；只要打開(kāi)一本書(shū)，就如按下音響設(shè)備的電鈕能讓音樂(lè)充滿(mǎn)房間那樣，只要你一打開(kāi)書(shū)，你就會(huì)聽(tīng)到書(shū)中有一個(gè)來(lái)自遙遠(yuǎn)時(shí)空的聲音，對(duì)你說(shuō)話(huà)，與你促膝談心，進(jìn)行心靈的交流Inver

12、ted orderadverbials of mannercomplementattributivepara.6nLearning means keeping the mind open and active to receive all kinds of experiences.n“Not a mountain, not a canyon which had not much to tell him; not a change in the weather that he could not interpret.” Double Negativen“There is every mounta

13、in, every canyon which had much to tell him; there is every change in the weather that he could interpret.”n對(duì)于他來(lái)說(shuō)，那兒每座山脈、每道峽谷都有許多可談，而任何細(xì)小的天氣變化都休想逃過(guò)他的感知。para. 7-9nLearning means learning to practice, or at least to appreciate an art.para.10nTwo different pleasures you get from reading books: the plea

14、sure of apprehending the unexpected the pleasure of deepening ones knowledge of a special fieldpara 11-12nLearning extends our lives into new dimensions.nMortal I know I am, short-lived; and yet, whenevernI watch the multitude of swirling stars,nthen I no longer tread this earth, but rise to feastnw

15、ith God, and enjoy the food of the immortals.n自知生命短暫n但吾遙望星漢n即得神明召喚n飛抵不滅圣餐para. 13-15nIt is necessary and important to make one into a whole and harmonious personality, which is to be achieved by ones own effort.the architectonic ability of man having structure or design of a kind thought as architec

16、ture表示：一個(gè)人擁有建筑構(gòu)思、設(shè)計(jì)的能力能夠進(jìn)行大型策劃的能力(of his power to make a large plan)，能把這種構(gòu)思、策劃的美感展現(xiàn)給觀(guān)（聽(tīng)）眾。para.14Much unhappiness has been suffered by those people who have never recognized that it is as necessary to make themselves into whole and harmonious personalities as to keep themselves clean, healthy, and f

17、inancially solvent. 有些人從來(lái)沒(méi)有意識(shí)到，培養(yǎng)健全和諧的人格就像保持自身的整潔、健康、富足一樣必要，因而這些人過(guò)得很不快樂(lè)。para. 16-17nThe chief danger confronting us in not age, but laziness, sloth, routine and stupidity which prevents us from learning.para.16 It is laziness, sloth, routine, stupidity forcing their way in like wind through the shut

18、ter, seeping into the cellar like swamp water. 懶惰，散慢，庸庸碌碌，愚蠢，他們就像穿過(guò)百葉窗的風(fēng)，像滲入地窖的積水一樣侵蝕著我們的人生。Words & Phrasesnisolation n.nThe country has been threatened with complete isolation from the international community unless the atrocities(殘暴行為) stop.nMany unemployed people experience feelings of isolation

19、and depression.nisolate v.ntrivial adj.nnot important or serious; not worth consideringna trivial detail n細(xì)枝末節(jié)nI know it sounds trivial, but Im worried about it.nsurvive v.n幸存；幸免于難；艱難度過(guò)nMany birds didnt survive the severe winter.nThe company managed to survive the crisis.ntedious adj.nlasting or tak

20、ing too long and not interestingnThe journey soon became tedious.ninaudible adj.naudio-聲音的；錄音的ne.g. audiobook; audio-visualnaudible: that can be heard clearlynaudienceninformed adj.ne.g. an informed criticnwell-informed：見(jiàn)多識(shí)廣的；消息靈通的nuninformed :愚昧的；無(wú)知的nillinformed：了解不夠的；信息不足的nresolve v.nsettlene.g. B

21、oth sides met in order to try to resolve their differences.nto make a firm decision to do sthne.g. He resolved not to tell her the truth.nhideous adj.nvery ugly or unpleasantne.g. a hideous crimen駭人聽(tīng)聞的罪行nThe whole experience had been like some hideous nightmare.nprecision n.ne.g. He chose his words

22、with precision.nprecise adj.nCan you give a more precise(exact) defination of the word?nprecisely adv.nThats precisely(exactly) what I meant.nShe pronounced the word very slowly and precisely(accurately).nimpell v. 促使；驅(qū)策；迫使e.g. There are various reasons that impell me to that conclusion.nmortal adj.ne.g. We are all mortal.n a mortal