藝術(shù)史2015由巫而史

1、由巫而史由巫而史From Shamanism to Historiography Asso. Prof. Dr. Hu, Wei05.11.20151. 商周青銅禮器上動(dòng)物紋的圖像意義1. Iconographic meaning of animal design on Shang and Zhou bronzes- “Zuo Zhuan” （c. mid-5th Cent.BCE）定王使王孫滿(mǎn)勞楚子。楚子問(wèn)鼎之大小輕重焉。對(duì)曰：“在德不在鼎。昔夏之方有德也，遠(yuǎn)方圖物，貢金九牧，鑄鼎象物，百物而為之備，使民知神奸。故民入川澤山林，不逢不若。魑魅魍魎，莫能逢之。用能協(xié)于上下，以承天休?！?左傳(

2、約前5世紀(jì)中期)“Tripods (Ding) do not matter, however, virtue does. In the past when the Xia Dynasty was distinguished for its virtue, the distant regions put into pictures their distinctive WU, and the nine pastors sent in the metal of their provinces. The tripods were cast, with representations on them o

3、f those WU. All the WU were represented and for the preparations to be made in reference to them, so that people might know (distinctions) between the helping and the harming spirits. Thus when the people went among the rivers, marshes, hills and forests, they did not meet with injurious things, and

4、 the hill-spirits, monstrous things and water-spirits did not meet with them. Hereby a harmony was secured between heaven and earth, and all enjoy the blessing of heaven.鴞形尊，高46.3厘米商晚期（約前1250-前1200）河南安陽(yáng)小屯5號(hào)墓出土， 河南博物院Bronze owl-shaped Zun with inscription of “Fu Hao”46.3cm highc.1250-1200BCE, excavat

5、ed from Fu Haos tomb at Xiaotun, Anyang, Henan ProvinceHenan Museum鴞卣 高 24.2厘米，約前1200，河南安陽(yáng)出土，美國(guó)弗利爾美術(shù)館藏Bronze owl-shaped You-vessel,Ht.24.2cm, c. 1200BCEexcavated from Anyang, Henan Province, collection of Freer Gallery of Art , Washington D.C . 石立梟，大理石，殷墟前期（約前1300前1200），高17.1厘米，河南安陽(yáng)西北崗1001大墓出土Stone

6、standing owl, marble,Ht.17.1cm, first half of Yinxu period(c. 1300BCE-1200BCE), excavated from tomb 1001 at Xibeigang, Anyang, Henan Province石立梟，大理石，殷墟前期（約前1300前1200），高34.1厘米，河南安陽(yáng)西北崗1001大墓出土Stone standing owl, marble, Ht.34.1cm, first half of Yinxu period(c. 1300BCE-1200BCE), excavated from tomb 100

7、1 at Xibeigang, Anyang, Henan Province玉鳥(niǎo), 閃玉，殷墟二期，約前1250-前1200左：高11.2cm，中：高9.2cm， 右：高12.5cm中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院考古研究所藏Jade Bird ， Nephrite, Yinxu phase II，c. 12501200BCEL:11.2cm high M: 9.2cm high, R: 12.5cmExcavated from Fu Haos tomb at Xiaotun , Anyang, HenanCollection of Institute of Archaeology, CASS左：玉人，高7厘米

8、，約前1250-前1200, 河南安陽(yáng)小屯5號(hào)墓出土右：人首鳥(niǎo)身像，高12cm，約前1200-前1000，四川廣漢三星堆L：Jade Figure , Ht.7cm,Excavated from Fu Hao”s tomb at Xiaotun,c.1250-1200BCE, Anyang, Henan ProvinceR: Bronze figure-shaped cap of a bronze tree. Excavated at Sanxingdui, Guanghan County, Sichuan, c.1200-1000BCE2. 巫文化的壟斷2. Monopolizing of

9、Shamanism甲骨坑, 約前1200 ， 安陽(yáng) 河南Pit of inscribed plastron of shells of turtles, c.1200BCE, Anyang Henan 左：帶卜辭龜腹甲，長(zhǎng)13.7厘米，寬12.2厘米，約前1250，河南安陽(yáng)小屯村127號(hào)坑出土右：龜腹甲內(nèi)側(cè)L: Oracle bone (Bing-bian 247), turtle plastron, c.1250, excavated from pit 127 at Xiaotun, Anyang , Henan, R: Inner side of oracle bones九歌云中君浴蘭湯兮沐

10、芳，華采衣兮若英。靈連蜷兮既留，爛昭昭兮未央。蹇將蹇兮壽宮，與日月兮齊光。乘龍駕兮帝服，聊翱游兮周章。靈皇皇兮既降，猋遠(yuǎn)舉兮云中。覽冀州兮有余，橫四海兮焉窮。思夫君兮太息，極勞心兮忡忡。 九歌云中君前4世紀(jì)We have bathed in orchid water and washed our hair with perfumes,And dressed ourselves like flowers in embroidered clothing.The God has halted ,swaying above us,Shining with a persistent radiance.H

11、e is going to rest in the House of Life.His brightness is like that of the sun and moon.He yokes to his dragon wagon the steeds of god.Now he flies off to wander around the sky.The god had just descended in bright majesty,When off in a whirl he soared again, far into the clouds.He looks down on Ji Z

12、hou and the lands beyond it.There is no place in the world that he does not pass over.I think of my lord with a heavy sigh,And sad thoughts trouble my heart very sorely. - “Nine Songs”, “the Lord within Cloud”(4th Cent. BCE)銅卣外陶范，約前1200-前1100，高10厘米，寬18厘米，河南安陽(yáng)苗圃北地1號(hào)灰坑出土。Mold fragment of a You-vessel,

13、 terra cotta, second half of Yinxu period, excavated from ash pit H1 at Miaopu North, Anyang, HenanPiece Mold Casting陶模塊范法 鑄造過(guò)程示意The principal varieties of ancient bronze ritual vessels 青銅器主要器形圖 嵌綠松石獸面紋象牙杯 高30.5厘米，約前1250-前1200, 河南安陽(yáng)小屯5號(hào)墓出土Ivory beaker inlaid with turquoise, Ht.30.5cm, c.1200BCE, Exc

14、avated from Fu Hao”s tomb at Xiaotun,Anyang, Henan Province3.用以展示權(quán)力聲望的銘文3. Showing off power and prestige by Inscription西周時(shí)期，顯示尊卑的用鼎制度西周貴族在禮儀場(chǎng)合表演音樂(lè)，一套完整的編鐘是最高等級(jí)。左：利簋，高28厘米，約前11世紀(jì)，陜西臨潼出土，陜西歷史博物館藏。右：器內(nèi)32字銘文。 L: Bronze Gui ritual vessel of Li, Ht.28cm, c. 11th Cent. BCE , excavated from Lintong, Shaanx

15、i Province , Shaanxi History Museum，R: Inscription of 32words inside the vessel.左：大克鼎，高93.1厘米，約前900，陜西扶風(fēng)法門(mén)出土，上海博物館右：器內(nèi)銘文290字L：Bronze ding ritual vessel of Ke,Ht.93.1cm, c. 900BCE, excavated at Famen, Fufeng, Shanxi Province, Shanghai MuseumR: Inscription of 290 words左：南宮乎鐘，高54厘米，約前900，陜西扶風(fēng)出土，扶風(fēng)縣博物館右

16、：器上銘文L：Bronze zhong ritual bell of Nan Gong Hu, Ht.54cm, c. 900BCE, excavated at Fufeng, Shanxi Province, Fufeng County MuseumR: Inscription on the bell左：令方彝，高34.1厘米，河南洛陽(yáng)馬坡出土，前852，現(xiàn)藏美國(guó)弗利爾美術(shù)館。右：器內(nèi)銘文187字。L；Fang(square) yi ritual vessel of Lin. Bronze. Ht.34.1cm, excavated at Mapo Luoyang Henan Provinc

17、e, 852BCE, Freer Gallery of Art , Washington D.C . R：Long dedicatory inscription of187 words inside the vessel.左：墻盤(pán)，高16.2厘米，前922-前900，陜西扶風(fēng)出土，周原博物館藏。右：內(nèi)底284字銘文。L：Ban of Qiang (owners name) ritual vessel, Bronze, Ht.16.2cm, 922-900BCE，excavated from Fufeng, shaanxi Province。R: Inscription of 284 words

18、春秋、戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期禮樂(lè)崩壞的社會(huì)文化現(xiàn)象帶來(lái)了藝術(shù)上的變化 禮器功能在青銅器、玉器上逐漸衰退。追求審美玩賞成為時(shí)代的藝術(shù)特征，色彩追求艷麗，紋飾追求生動(dòng)、繁褥。 周禮的崩壞使周王室與地方諸侯之間出現(xiàn)力量的消長(zhǎng)。為了展示世俗的權(quán)力，各種新工藝被廣泛地運(yùn)用到青銅器，漆器和玉器上,例如錯(cuò)金錯(cuò)銀、鑲嵌、失蠟法鑄造、夾纻胎。 代表個(gè)人權(quán)勢(shì)的墓地重要性日益增大，代表祖先宗族的 宗廟地位急劇下降。墓地成為祖先崇拜的中心。銅杖,春秋時(shí)期曾侯乙編鐘架銅人立柱,戰(zhàn)國(guó)早期 銅燈,戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期 帶鉤戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期，前3世紀(jì)青銅、金、銀、綠松石鼎,戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期,前4世紀(jì)錯(cuò)銀幾何紋扁壺戰(zhàn)國(guó)中期Bronze Jar and Basin of Marquis Yi of Zeng,5th Century BCE蟠螭紋銅尊盤(pán) 三星堆文化青銅全身人像Foundation peg,Neo-Sumer