大學英語閱讀

1、Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient institution which has existed for at least six thousand years. It was always bad and usually foolish, but in the past the human race managed to live with it. Modern ingenuity (創(chuàng)造力) has changed this. Either Man will abolish war

2、, or war will abolish Man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons, may before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have su

3、cceeded in abolishing war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way, not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in killing people, but by arbitration (調(diào)解) in accordance with a greed principles of law. It is

4、not easy to change very old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology would prevent war. I believe this to be a big error. All ideologies are based on dogmatic (教條式的)statements which are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, tota

5、lly false. Their adherents believe in them fanatically (狂熱地) that they are willing to go to war in support of them.The movement of world opinion during the past few years has been very largely such as we can welcome. It has become a commonplace (老生長談)that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course very

6、difficult problems remain in the world, but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years ago. It has begun to be thought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that negotiations should reach agreements even if both sides do not find

7、 these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be under stood that the important conflict nowadays is not between different countries, but between Man and the atom bomb.1、This passage implies that war now is _A. as necessary as in the past B. as bad as in the past C. not so dangerous as in t

8、he past D. worse than in the past2、In the sentence "To do this, we need to persuade mankind. "(Line 6, Para.1), "this" refers to _A. abolishing war B. improving weapons C. solving international problems D. living a peaceful life3、From Paragraph 2, we learn that the author of the

9、passage_A. is a supporter of some modem ideologies B. does not think that the adoption of any ideology could prevent warC. believes that the adoption of some ideologies could prevent war D .has no doubt about the truth of any ideologies4、The last paragraph suggests that_A. international agreements c

10、an be reached more easily now B. man begins to realize the danger of nuclear warC. nuclear war will definitely not take place D. world opinion welcomes nuclear war5、According to the author,_.A. war is the only way to solve international disputes B. war will be less dangerous because of the improveme

11、nt of weaponsC.it is impossible for man to live without war D. war must be abolished if man wants to surviveA useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or material adversel

12、y (有害地. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelleda far cry (懸殊的差別. from the extensive list of harmfu

13、l substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor (水蒸氣)might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.Many of the more important air p

14、ollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentrations (濃度)of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical (生物地球化學的) cycles. These serve as an air purification sc

15、heme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city.In this localized region, human output may be

16、dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles. The result is an increased concentration of noxious (有害的)chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the abs

17、ence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has det

18、ectable health effects at0.08 parts per million (ppm., which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.6、It can be inferred from the first paragraph that _A. water vapor is an air

19、 pollutant in localized areas B. a substance becomes an air pollutant only in citiesC. the definition of air pollution will continue to change D. most air pollutants today can be seen or smelled7、In what way can natural pollutants play an important role in controlling air pollution?A. They function

20、as part of a purification process. B. They are dwarfed by the pollutants produced by human activities.C.They are less harmful to living beings than are other pollutants.D.They have existed since the Earth developed.8、According to the passage, the numerical value Of the concentration level of a subst

21、ance is only useful ifA. the other substances in the area are known B. it is a localized areaC. it can be calculated quickly D. the naturally occurring level is also known9、Which of the following is best supported by the passage?A. To effectively control pollution, local government should regularly

22、revise the air pollution laws.B. One of the most important steps in preserving natural lands is to better enforce air pollution laws.C. Scientists should be consulted in order to establish uniform limits for all air pollutants.D. Human activities have great impact on air pollution.10、The passage mai

23、nly discusses _A. how much damage air pollutants can cause. B. the economic impact on air pollutionC. what constitutes an air pollutant D. the quantity of compounds added to the atmosphere【答案解析】1-6 DABAD 6-10 CADDAIf it were only necessary to decidewhether to teach elementary science to everyone on

24、a mass basis or to findind thegifted few and take them as far as they can go, our task would be fairlysimple. The public school 36_ ,however, has no suchchoice, for the job must be 37_ on at the same time.Because we depend so 38_ uponscience and technology for our progress,we must produce 39_ in man

25、y fields. Because wc live in ademocraticnation, whose citizens make the policies for the nation, largenumbers of us must be educated to understand, tosupport, and when necessary,to 40_ the work of experts. The public school musteducate both producars andusers of scientific services.In education, the

26、re should be a goodbalance among the branches of knowledge that contribute to effectivethinkingand wise judgment. Such balance is 41_ by too much emphasison any one field. This question ofbalance involves not only the relation of thenatural sciences, the social sciences, and the arts but also relati

27、ve 42_ "among the natural sciencestbemselves.Similarly, wc must have a balance betweencurrent and 43_ knowledge. The attention of the public is 44_drawn to new possibilities inscientific fields and the discovery of new knowledge; these should not beallowed toturn our attention away from the sou

28、nd,45_ materials thatform the basis of courses for beginners.A. awardedB . heavilyC. classicalD. displayE. establishedF. systemG. involvedH.defeatedI.continuallyJ. speciallyK.emphasesL. establishmentM. specialistsN. cardedO. judge答案解析：36-45 FNBMO HKCIEThe National Park Service in the United States w

29、ill mark its _1_ anniversary in 2016. As it nears its second century, the Park Service plans to_2_ its educational programs for students and teachers.The plans include_3_ for one hundred thousand students each year to visit national parks to learn about nature and history Yellowstone is believed to

30、have been the world's first national park when it was established in _4_. Other students will _5_ to see parks in faraway places through Skype and other _6_ programs.The National Park Service also works with partners to provide education. One of its partners is a nonprofit organization called _7

31、_. Nature Bridge is celebrating its fortieth anniversary and says one million young people_8_ its programs. The organization works with students from kindergarten through _9_ and uses national parks as its classrooms. It provides_10_ at Yosemite National Park and four other locations in California a

32、nd the northwestern state of Washington. The National Park Service in the United States will mark its one hundredth anniversary in 2016. As it nears its second century, the Park Service plans to increase its educational programs for students and teachers.The plans include transportation support for

33、one hundred thousand students each year to visit national parks to learn about nature and history. Yellowstone is believed to have been the world's first national park when it was established in 1872. Other students will get a chance to see parks in faraway places through Skype and oth

34、er online programs.The National Park Service also works with partners to provide education. One of its partners is a nonprofit organization called Nature Bridge. Nature Bridge is celebrating its fortieth anniversary and says one million young people have taken part in its programs. The organization

35、works with students from kindergarten through twelfth grade and uses national parks as its classrooms. It provides field science programs at Yosemite National Park and four other locations in California and the northwestern state of Washington.Now, Nature Bridge is launching an E

36、ast Coast center with a four-million-dollar grant from Google. The program will begin in April at the Prince William Forest Park in Virginia. Students stay for three to five days in NatureBridge programs. The activities are aimed at developing their science skills. For example, they learn about

37、 different soils and study water quality under a microscope.Jason Morris is executive vice president of Nature Bridge. He says when they are not sleeping, eating or in a laboratory, the students spend their time outdoors. Julia Washburn is associate director of education and interpretation for the N

38、ational Park Service. She says in a time of budget cuts, the agency has to find ways to still meet its goals. Ms. Washburn says one of the most important services that the Park Service provides every day is nature interpretation. Park rangers (公園管理員) try to make visiting the outdoors more meaningful

39、. Interpretation is a form of informal education. Essentially, it is a word that we use for the people in parks that explain the park or help orient(確定方向)you. So park rangers are interpreters. They orient you to the place you are in and help you make connections, emotional and intellectual connectio

40、ns, with the place.New research shows that overweight or even mildly obese people have a lower risk of early death than people considered to be normal weight. Researchers examined the results of 97 studies. Most of the studies were less than 10 years old. They included almost three million adults fr

41、om around the world, including the United States, Canada, China, Taiwan, Brazil, India and Mexico. The researchers work at the National Center for Health Statistics, part of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. They found that people who are considered overweight or slightly

42、 obese were five to six percent less likely to die from all causes than people of normal weight. People with higher obesity ratings, however, had almost a 30 percent greater risk of death compared to normal-weight individuals. Katherine Flegal was the lead author of the study. She says she was not surprised that overweight people would not have a higher risk of death. “Because wed actually already read a lot of this literature and realized it was likely that mortality rates for overweight would be at least not higher than normal weight. I guess I was a little bit surprised that it