高一英語新課標(biāo)人教版必修1_unit_1-unit4課文詳解(帶原文帶單詞)

1、必修一 Unit 1 FriendshipI. Vocabulary:add up 合計upset adj. 心煩意亂的；不安的；不適的； vt. 使不安；使心煩Ignore=take no notice of vt. 不理睬；忽視calm vt. & vi. (使)靜；（使）鎮(zhèn)定 adj. 平靜的；鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的 calm down （使）平靜下來；（使）鎮(zhèn)定下來have got to 不得不；必須concern vt. 擔(dān)憂；涉及；關(guān)系到 n. 擔(dān)心；關(guān)注 be concerned about 關(guān)心；掛念walk the dog 遛狗loose adj. 松的；松開的go thro

2、ugh 經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受set down 記下；放下；登記series n. 連續(xù)；系列 a series of 一連串的；一系列；一套o(hù)utdoors adv. 在戶外；在野外in order to 為了at dusk 在黃昏時刻thunder vi. 打雷；雷鳴 n.雷；雷聲entire adj. 整個的；完全的； entirely adv.swap vt. 交換item n. 項目；條款power n. 能力；力量；權(quán)力face to face 面對面地curtain n. 窗簾；門簾；幕布dusty adj. 積滿灰塵的no longer / not ang longer 不再 (與延續(xù)性動

3、詞連用)partner n. 伙伴；合作者；合伙人settle vi. 安家；定居；停留 vt. 使定居；安排；解決loneliness n. 孤單；寂寞highway n. 公路；大路pack vi. & vt. 捆扎；包裝；打行李 pack sth. up 將東西裝箱打包suitcase n. 手提箱overcoat n. 大衣；外套teenager n. 十幾歲的青少年get along with 與相處；進(jìn)展goosip vi. & n. 閑話；閑談; 長舌婦fall in love 相愛；愛上exactly adv. 確實如此；正是；確切地disagree vi. 不

4、同意grateful adj. 感激的；表示感謝的dislike vt. 不喜歡；厭惡join in 參加；加入spellbind vt. (spellbound, spellbound) 迷??；迷惑on purpose故意be/get rid of 對厭煩recover vi. & vt. 痊愈；恢復(fù)； 重新獲得II. Reading ANNES BEST FRIEND安妮最好的朋友Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 譯文：你需

5、要一位可以傾訴衷腸的朋友嗎？比如傾訴你的感情和思想?！咀⑨? whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts是定語從句，修飾限定先行詞a friend，而whom是關(guān)系代詞作to的賓語，用來指代前面的先行詞friend; 從句中運(yùn)用了tell sth. to sb.意思為：告訴某人某事； like your deepest feelings and thoughts并列列舉出了everything的部分內(nèi)容，也可用such as替換like,表示“比如”?！縊r are you afraid

6、that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? 譯文：你是害怕你的朋友嘲笑你呢，還是擔(dān)心你的朋友不理解你所經(jīng)歷的呢？【注釋：第一個or緊緊承接上文，與上文構(gòu)成選擇關(guān)系；第二個or用來連接兩個并列謂語“would laugh at you和would not understand what you are going through”，表示選擇關(guān)系,其中的“what you are going through”為understand的賓語從句；laugh at嘲笑；g

7、o through經(jīng)歷，檢查，練習(xí)，遭受，完成?！緼nne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her best friend.譯文交朋友】Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II.譯文：安妮在二戰(zhàn)期間住在荷蘭的阿姆斯特丹。 Her family was Jewish so they had to hid or they would be caught by the German Nazis.譯文：她的家人是猶太人所以他們必須躲藏起來，否則就會被德國納粹抓起來。【注

8、釋：so引導(dǎo)的前后為因果關(guān)系；or表示“否則，要不然”； be caught by表示“被抓起來”；“be + 過去分詞”構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。】 She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. 譯文：她和她的家人躲藏幾乎25月之后才被發(fā)現(xiàn)?！咀⑨專篽ide away意為“躲藏起來”。nearly意為“幾乎，將近”，后跟確定的數(shù)字，而almost則表示模糊不定的概念，如：In the hall it was almost dark.大廳里幾乎一片漆黑。before表示“在以前”

9、，用以表示從句動作發(fā)生之前的時間，譯法靈活。(1)強(qiáng)調(diào)從句動作發(fā)生在主句之前，意為“不等就”。例如：She was angry before I could explain to her.我還沒來得及向她解釋她就生氣了。He asked a second question before I could answer the first question.我還沒來得及回答第一個問題，他又問了一個問題。(2)在“Itbe時間段before從句”中，意為“之后才”。例如：The fire lasted about four hours before the firefighters could co

10、ntrol it.大火持續(xù)了大約四個小時，消防人員才得以控制住。(3)在“Itbe否定形式longbefore從句”中，意為“不久就”。例如：It was not long before he told me about it.不久他就告訴了我這件事情。(4)在特定的情景中，意為“趁著”。例如：I must write it down before I forget it.趁著還沒忘，我把它記下來?！緿uring that time the only true friend was her diary. 譯文：在此期間，她唯一真正的朋友就是她的日記。She said, “I dont want

11、 to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty”. 譯文：她說：“我不想像大多數(shù)人所做的那樣，只是記流水賬，而是我想要我的日記成為我最好的朋友，并且我把我的朋友叫作基蒂”?！咀⑨專簊et down記下；（使）放下，（使）坐下，制定，降落。例如：1）He was asked to set down the facts just as he remembered the

12、m.他被要求根據(jù)記憶把事實寫下來。2）He set me down in a comfortable chair.他讓我坐在一張舒適的椅子里。3）It is necessary to set down these additional rules.有必要制定這些補(bǔ)充規(guī)則。a series of一系列的。例如：The post office will issue a series of new stamps.郵局將要發(fā)行一套新郵票。as引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，表示“像一樣”。例如：1）He smiled and I smiled back, as you do. 他微微一笑，我也報以微笑，就這樣而已。

13、2）She is as tall as her mother.她和她母親一樣高。to be my friend作this diary itself的補(bǔ)足語?！縉ow read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942.譯文：現(xiàn)在讀讀她從1942年7月以后躲藏起來的感受。Thursday 15th June, 1944Dear Kitty,I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so cr

14、azy about everything to do with nature.譯文：我想知道是不是因為我好久沒有能夠到外面的緣故，以至于我對一切與自然有關(guān)的東西變得如此瘋狂地喜歡。【注釋：outdoors adv. 在戶外，作狀語；而outdoor是adj.戶外的，露天的，作定語。例如：1） Children like to play outdoors.孩子們喜歡在戶外玩耍。2）He likes watching most outdoor games. 他喜歡觀看大部分的室外運(yùn)動項目。be/grow crazy about對瘋狂地喜歡，對著迷。例如：He is crazy about that

15、 girl.他迷上了那位女孩。to do with:與有關(guān)；處置，對待。例如：1）I am not involved in it; it has nothing to do with me.我與這事沒有牽連; 它與我無關(guān)。2）What shall we do with the drunken sailor?我們怎么處置這個喝醉的水手?,強(qiáng)調(diào)句it is /was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that/who 從句，】 I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight

16、 and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.譯文：我非常清楚地記得有一段時期湛藍(lán)的天空、鳥兒的鳴唱、月光和鮮花從沒能使我著迷?！咀⑨專簑ell“很, 相當(dāng)”，相當(dāng)于very,表示強(qiáng)調(diào). 例如：1）The visit had been planned well in advance.那次訪問很早就計劃好了。2)You may well be right.很可能是你對. there was a time when:有那么一個時期。 例如：There was a time when I wanted to play truant.有那么一個時期我

17、想逃學(xué)。spellbound adj. 入迷的；出神的。例如：The children were spellbound by the circus performance.孩子們被馬戲表演迷住了?！?Thats changed since I was here.譯文：自從來到這，這一切都改變了。 For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself. 譯文：比

18、如，一天晚上，非常暖和，為了獨(dú)自能親眼好好看一眼月亮，我就故意到晚上11點(diǎn)半還醒著?！咀⑨專簅n purpose故意地，有目的地。如：I sometimes think that all his supposed mistakes are made on purpose just to annoy me.我有時認(rèn)為他犯的那些被信以為真的一切錯誤是故意為了氣我。in order to:為了, 動詞不定式作目的狀語，該狀語可以位于句首，也可以位于句子后面，但so as to引導(dǎo)的目的狀語只能放在句子的后面，即so as to不能位于句首。如：The test questions are kept

19、secret so as to（in order to） prevent cheating. = In order to prevent cheating, the test questions are kept secret.考試題保密以防作弊。by myself獨(dú)自。 如：I live by myself.我一個人生活?！?But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window.譯文：可是，隨著月光越來越亮，我竟不敢打開窗戶?！咀⑨專篴s 連詞，表示“隨著”。如：As she grew older, she k

20、ept more to herself.隨著年齡的增長，她變得更沉默了。dare用作情態(tài)動詞時后面直接加動詞，即dare do;用作行為動詞時后面要加to,即dare to do;不管是用作情態(tài)動詞還是行為動詞dare都有詞形變化，即過去式為dared do, dared to do,過去式的否定式為：didnt dare do或didnt dare to do;或dared not do和dared not to do】 Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was op

21、en. 譯文：5個月之前，又有一次，黃昏時分我碰巧在樓上，突然，窗戶開了。【注釋：happen to碰巧，如：I happened to be out when Tom came to visit me yesterday. at dusk黃昏，如：The street lights come on at dusk and go off at dawn.路燈在黃昏時開, 拂曉時關(guān)。 sb. happened to do sth. when .某人碰巧在做某事的時候，突然。】I didnt go downstairs until the window had to be shut.譯文：直到窗戶

22、不得不關(guān)上，我才下樓。【注釋：not until:直到才, 如：you don't know what you can achieve until you try.嘗試后才能知道自己能成就什么?！?The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; 譯文：那黑暗，那雨夜，那夜風(fēng)，那閃亮轟鳴的云朵，它們完全把我籠罩著。it was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to

23、 face譯文：那是我一年半以來第一次面對面目睹那夜色?！咀⑨專篿t is the first time that sb. has done sth.某人第一次做某事。如：It is the first time that I has come to Wenzhou.這是我第一次到溫州來。 注意：It was the first time that sb. had done sth.It is the first time that sb have donge sth 注意與另一個句型的區(qū)別：It is time that sb did/should do sth.=It is time fo

24、r sb to do sth】Sadly I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows.譯文：遺憾的是,我只能通過懸掛在布滿灰塵窗戶上的骯臟的窗簾來觀看大自然。【注釋： hanging before very dusty windows是現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾前面的名詞curtains,該分詞與所修飾的名詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系是主謂關(guān)系。如： (09贛-34) The government plans to bring in new laws _ parents to t

25、ake more responsibility for the education of their children.A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced (09浙-7) There is a great deal of evidence _ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. to be indicating】 Its no pleasure lookin

26、g through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.譯文：再看這外面的大自然已經(jīng)沒有意義了，因為大自然只有經(jīng)過親身體驗才有意義。【注釋：looking through these any longer是動名詞短語作主語，句首的It是形式主語;look through意思為：仔細(xì)檢查審查(某物)，例如：I'll look your suggestion through before passing it to the committee.我要先審查一下你的建議然后再送

27、交委員會。對(某人)視而不見，例如：I said good morning but she looked me straight through and walked on.我對她道了聲早安, 可她卻視而不見徑直走了過去。穿過看，例如：I looked through a telescope.我用望遠(yuǎn)鏡看東西?？创┳R破(某人或某事)= see through，例如：I have looked through the man; he hasn't any real learning.我已看透那個人了, 他沒有一點(diǎn)真才實學(xué)It is /was +n +doing sth 常用no use,

28、no plessure, a waste of time ,a waste of money 6Your friend comes to school very upset. 【精提取】upset為形容詞作伴隨狀語?！厩蓱?yīng)用】小偷躲在角落里，擔(dān)心被人捉住。The thief hid himself in the corner，_ _ _ _.答案：afraid of being caught【考題】They _the meeting by shouting and throwing stones at the windows. AattendedBheld Cupset Dmixed解析：選C

29、。句意：他們大喊大叫并不斷向窗子扔石頭打亂了會議。upset 打亂；attend參加；hold舉辦，容納；mix混合。7. She and her family hid away for nearly twenty­five months before they were discovered.【精提取】before conj.，意為“在之前”，常翻譯為“不等就”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句?！厩蓱?yīng)用】我還沒來得及與他說再見他就走了。He left _ _ _ _ _ _ _.答案：before I could say goodbye to him8. I can well remember

30、that there was a time when a deep blue sky，the song of the birds，moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.【精提取】there was a time when a deep blue sky，.此處when引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾time?！厩蓱?yīng)用】曾經(jīng)有一段時間，不允許婦女上學(xué)。_ _ _ _ _ women were not allowed to go to school.答案：There was a time when必修一 Unit 2 English

31、around the WorldIVocabularysubway n. 地下人行道；（美）地鐵elevator n. 電梯；升降機(jī)petrol n. 汽油 （=美gasoline）oficial adj. 官方的；正式的；公務(wù)的voyage n. 航行；航海conquer vt. 征服；占領(lǐng)because of 因為；由于native adj. 本國的；本地的 n. 本地人；本國人come up 走近； 上來； 提出apartment n. 公寓住宅；單元住在actually adv. 實際上；事實上base vt. 以為根據(jù) n. 基部；基地；基礎(chǔ) be based on 以為根據(jù)at p

32、resent 現(xiàn)在；目前gradual adj. 逐漸的；逐步的 gradually adv. 逐漸地；逐步地enrich vt. 使富裕；充實；改善vocabulary n. 詞匯；詞匯量；詞表make use of 利用；使用 take advantage of 利用； 使用spelling n. 拼寫；拼法latter adj. 較后的；后半的；（兩著中）后者的identity n. 本身；本體；身份fluent adj. 流利的；流暢的 fluently adv. 流利地；流暢地such as 例如; 像這種的frequent adj. 頻繁的；常見的 frequently adv.u

33、sage n. 使用；用法；詞語慣用法command n. & vt. 命令；指令；掌握 have a good command of 精通；掌握request n. & vt. 請求；要求 at sbs request 應(yīng)某人邀請dialect n. 方言expression n. 詞語；表示；表達(dá)midwestern adj. 中西部的；有中西部特征的play a part (in) 扮演了一個角色； 參與eastern adj. 東方的；東部的southeastern adj. 東南方的；來自東南的northwestern adj. 西北方的；來自西北的recognize

34、 vt. 辨認(rèn)出；承認(rèn)；公認(rèn)lorry n. (美= truck)卡車accent n. 口音；強(qiáng)調(diào)；重音lightning n. 閃電straight adv. 直接；挺直 adj. 直接的block n. 街區(qū)；塊；木塊；石塊cab n. 出租車II. Reading The Road to Modern English At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English.譯文：在16世紀(jì)末，大約有500萬至700萬人說英語?！咀⑨專篴t the end of ：在末尾；at th

35、e end of the day最終，到頭來；be at (have come to) the end結(jié)束，完成；be at the end of到了的盡頭；幾至耗盡； all ends up完全地，徹底地；in the end最后，終于；by the end of:到為止?！?Nearly all of them lived in England.譯文：他們幾乎都住在英格蘭。 Later, in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because

36、of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.譯文：后來，在隨后的一個世紀(jì)里，來自英格蘭的人航行征服其它地方，因此，在許多其它國家開始說英語?！咀⑨專篵ecause of意為“因為，由于”，后跟名詞、代詞或動名詞，在句中作狀語；owing to意為“把成績或功勞歸功于”,在句中作狀語和表語, 如：He has made great progress in English owing to your tutorship. 而due to則是指“把失敗或挫折歸咎于”，在句中作狀語和表語,如： Due to the extre

37、me cold, we were unable to plant the trees.由于天氣很冷, 所以我們無法去植樹。 thanks to意為“幸虧”，只作狀語，如：This is a great success, thanks to your help.】 Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.譯文：如今，人們比以前更多地把英語當(dāng)成第一、第二或一門外語。【注釋：as介詞，意為：當(dāng)作，作為?！縉ative English speakers

38、can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English. 譯文：即使當(dāng)?shù)卣f英語的人說的不是同一種英語，他們也能彼此懂得?！咀⑨專簄ative speaker 說本族語的人,。native（常與to連用，指動植物）特產(chǎn)的，原產(chǎn)于；（也可以指品質(zhì)）與生俱來的，天賦的，天生的。如：1）Banana is native to Taiwan.香蕉是臺灣的土特產(chǎn)。2) He has a great deal of native intelligence, ability, charm, etc. 他天生聰明、能力

39、強(qiáng)、有魅力等。even if = even though意為“即使，盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如：I wouldn't lose courage even if I should fail ten times.即使要失敗十次, 我也絕不灰心。試題： Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _they knew it to be valuable. A. as if B. now that C. even though D. so that Allow children the space to voice their opinions

40、, _ they are different from your own.A. until B. now that C. even though D. as though】 Look at this example: 譯文：看這個例子：British Betty: Would you like to see my flat?譯文：英國的Betty:你愿意來看我的公寓嗎？【注釋：Would you like to :愿意，意欲】American Amy: Yes. Id like to come up to your apartment.譯文：美國的Amy: 好的，我很想來看你的公寓。【注釋：c

41、ome up:走近，上來，發(fā)芽，發(fā)生，（意見、觀點(diǎn)）被提出，（太陽、月亮）生起。如：1） He came up and introduced himself. 他走上前來作自我介紹。 2） Ill let you know if anything comes up.如果發(fā)生什么事的話，我會讓你知道的。注意：come up with表示：想出，提出。如：I came up with a proposal and it soon came up at the meeting.我想提出一條建議，很快這條建議在會上被提出來了。試題：They thought about it for a long ti

42、me, but still couldnt _ a solution. A. come up B. come up with C. get along with D. come out flat (英)公寓；apartment (美)公寓。Id like to : 我愿意; 我很想。如：Id like to help you with your English.】So why has English changed over time? 譯文：為什么英語會隨時間而改變呢？【注釋：over time隨著時間的過去。】Actually all languages change and develo

43、p when cultures meet and communicate with each other.譯文：實際上，在文化碰撞和交流過程中，所有語言都會改變和發(fā)展?！咀⑨專簃eet with偶然碰到，碰到；遭受，受到；和會面。如：1）She met with an old friend at a dinner party.她在一次宴會上偶然遇到一位老朋友。2）Again and again the test met with no success.這一試驗一再遭到失。3）He met with the Prime Minister of Japan for an hour.他和日本首相會見

44、了一個小時。communicate with:與聯(lián)系，與交流，與溝通。如：I communicate with him regularly by letter.我與他定期通信。】 At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.譯文：起初，在公元450年至公元1150年在英國所說的英語不同于現(xiàn)在所說的英語?！咀⑨專篴t first起初，開始。spoken in England between about AD

45、 450 and 1150是過去分詞短語作定語，相當(dāng)于定語從句which was spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150. 注意：過去分詞作定語表示該分詞與所修飾的詞之間的關(guān)系式被動關(guān)系。 be different from： 與不同。考題：1. (09全I(xiàn)-35) Now that weve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions _? A. take B. taking C. taken D. to take2. (09京-24) For breakfast

46、 he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm. A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow3. (09申-33) With the governments aid, those _ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected4. (09贛-22) _ the right kind of training, t

47、hese teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars. A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given5. (08湘-26) The trees _ in the storm have been moved off the road. A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down6. (08贛-28) We finished the run in less than half th

48、e time _ . A. allowing B. to allow C. allowed D. allows7. (08浙-13) It is one of the funniest things _ on the Internet so far this year. A. finding B. being found C. to find D. found8. (08閩-33) Can those _ at the back of the classroom hear me? No problem. A. seat B. sit C. seated D. sat9. (07湘-34) “T

49、hings _ never come again!” I couldnt help talking to myself. A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost10. (06京-28) There have been several new events _ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. A. add B. to add C. adding D. added11. (06魯-29) Five people won the “Chinas Green Figure” award,

50、a title _ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection. A. being given B. is given C. given D. was given12. (05京-32) The prize of the game show is $ 30,000 and an all expenses _ vacation to China. A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid答案1-12: CACDB CDCAD CB】 It was b

51、ased more on German than the English we speak at present.譯文：當(dāng)時的英語更多地是以德語為基礎(chǔ)，而我們今天所說的英語則不是?！咀⑨專簃ore than ：與其說 不如說.。如：He is more lazy than stupid.與其說他蠢笨，不如說他懶惰。 注意：more than + 名詞，表示“不僅是，不只是”，相當(dāng)于not only; 如：Hibernation is more than sleep.冬眠不僅僅是睡覺。 more than + 數(shù)詞，表示“超過，多于”，相當(dāng)于over; 如：Therere more than 5

52、0 students in our class. 在我們班有50多名學(xué)生。 more than + 形容詞/副詞，表示“非常，十分”，與“very”同義； 如：In class, she is more than attentive.在課堂上，她非常認(rèn)真聽課。 more than + that sb. can/could do oneself. 表示“超出某人能力范圍，或超出了范圍”。如：The job is more than I can do myself 那工作超出了我的能力范圍。 no more than意為“只有、僅僅”,相當(dāng)于only； 而not more than表示“至多，不超

53、過”，相當(dāng)于at most; 試題： Mr. Brown is _ a teacher to us; we look on him as our friend. A. more than B. more or less C. less than D. more and more be based on ：以為基礎(chǔ)。注意：可以用based on的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)形式作狀語，類似于according to. On the base of：以為基礎(chǔ)。試題： _ on this report, the English government decided to ask Captain James Cook t

54、o go and look for this continent. A. Having based B. Basing C. Based D. To be based at present目前，現(xiàn)在。 For the present現(xiàn)在，目前。 Be present at :出席。 Present sth. to sb.把某物作為禮物送給某人?！?Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150, English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Dan

55、ish and later French. 譯文：然后,在公元800年至公元1150年期間，由于那些統(tǒng)治英格蘭的人先說丹麥語，后來又說法語，這樣英語就逐漸變得不像德語了?！咀⑨專?become less like變得不像。 who ruled England是由who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，who為關(guān)系代詞，代指前面的先行詞those,用于指“人”。 辨析：rule, govern, control都有“管理，支配，控制”之意，當(dāng)govern和rule用作“統(tǒng)治，控制”一個國家時，可以互換。但，rule是正式的、莊重的的用語，常用貶義，比govern更專權(quán)地管理或統(tǒng)治，含有專制或獨(dú)裁的意味。govern指靠權(quán)力、專制或按憲法來系統(tǒng)地管理、統(tǒng)治國家、城市、機(jī)構(gòu)等，含有需要知識和判斷力來治理和管理的意味。control指人對事物的一般控制與約束，含有強(qiáng)制使其服從的意味。試題：1）Alexamder the Great _ (over) a large empire. 2) She couldnt _ herself that moment. 答