光電信息專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)單詞句子中英翻譯

1、詞匯Ray Optics射線光學(xué) Refraction 折射 Reflection 反射 Index of Refraction 折射率 Optical spectrum 光譜Dispersion 色散 lens 透鏡 Total Internal Reflection全內(nèi)反射 Prisms棱鏡 right isosceles triangles正等腰三角形Spherical refracting surface 球面折射面sign convention符號(hào)法則paraxial approximation近軸近似 aberration像差chromatic aberration色差collim

2、ated平行的；使平行critical angle臨界角 defect缺點(diǎn)，缺陷incident入射的 inclination傾斜角；偏向magnitude數(shù)量級(jí) virtual image 虛像Diffraction 衍射 Interference 干涉 aperture 孔徑 complex exponential function復(fù)指數(shù)函數(shù)complex conjugate復(fù)共軛 monochromatic單色的optical path difference 光程差 polarization 偏振resonator諧振器 resolution分辨率 Holography 全息術(shù) wave

3、length 波長(zhǎng) microscope 顯微鏡beam splitter 分束器 Rainbow holography彩虹全息術(shù) Volume holograms 體全息圖 Computer-generated holography 計(jì)算機(jī)全息術(shù) Spatial Filtering空間濾波 gratings光柵 harmonics interferogram諧波干涉圖pupil function 光瞳函數(shù) principal maxima 主極大值 Mode Locking 波模鎖定；振蕩型同步 Transverse modes 橫向模式Laser rangefinder激光測(cè)距儀 navi

4、gation 導(dǎo)航Photodetector光電檢測(cè)器 photomultiplier光電倍增管Photon 光子 Optical Fiber Communication 光纖通信 fiber 纖維 Optical Loss 光學(xué)損失Group集體 velocity 速度 nonlinearity非線性 anomalous-dispersion反常色散Stimulated Raman Scattering 受激拉曼散射 Self-Phase Modulation 相位調(diào)制效應(yīng) Cross-Phase Modulation 交叉相位調(diào)制 bandwidth 帶寬 optical switches

5、光開(kāi)關(guān) Photodetectors光電探測(cè)器crystal 晶體 Birefringence 雙折射 electron 電子 Mechanical and thermal strength 機(jī)械和熱強(qiáng)度 surface 表面Bandgap 能帶 carrier concentration 載體濃度 discharge 放電 photovoltaic 光伏Optical Thin Film Technology光學(xué)薄膜技術(shù)Photolithography 光刻, biophotonics生物光子學(xué), 3D Display Technology 3 d顯示技術(shù),Infrared Detectio

6、n Technology紅外探測(cè)技術(shù)exposure 曝光 irradiation 輻照 nanoparticle納米顆粒句子We treat light beams as rays that propagate along straight lines, except at interfaces between dissimilar materials, where the rays may be bent or refracted. This approach, which had been assumed to be completely accurate before the disc

7、overy of the wave nature of light, leads to a great many useful results regarding lens optics and optical instruments.我們將光束處理為沿著直線傳播的光線，除了在不同材料之間的界面處，其中光線可以被彎曲或折射。這種方法被認(rèn)為在發(fā)現(xiàn)光的波特性之前是完全準(zhǔn)確的，導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)生許多關(guān)于透鏡光學(xué)和光學(xué)儀器的有用結(jié)果。When a light ray strikes a smooth interface between two transparent media at an angle, it

8、is refracted.當(dāng)光線以一個(gè)角度撞擊在兩個(gè)透明介質(zhì)之間的平滑界面時(shí)，其為折射。The refractive index of a given material is not independent of wavelength, but generally increases slightly with decreasing wavelength.給定材料的折射率并非與波長(zhǎng)無(wú)關(guān)，但通常隨著波長(zhǎng)減小而略微增加。A word of warning with regard to the signs in algebraic expression: Because of the sign co

9、nvention adopted here, derivations based solely on geometry will not necessarily result in the correct sign for a given term. There are two ways to correct this defect. The first, to carry a minus sign before the symbol of each negative quantity, is too cumbersome and confusing for general use. Thus

10、, we adopt the second, which is to go through the final formula and change the sign of each negative quantity. This procedure has already been adopted in connection with the “l(fā)en” equation and is necessary, as noted, to make the formula algebraically correct. It is important, though, not to change t

11、he signs until the final step, lest some signs be altered twice.關(guān)于代數(shù)表達(dá)式中的符號(hào)的警告詞：由于這里采用的符號(hào)法則，僅基于幾何的導(dǎo)出不一定導(dǎo)致給定術(shù)語(yǔ)的正確符號(hào)。有兩種方法來(lái)糾正此缺陷。第一，在每個(gè)負(fù)數(shù)量的符號(hào)之前攜帶減號(hào)，對(duì)于一般使用來(lái)說(shuō)太麻煩和混亂。因此，我們采用第二個(gè)，即通過(guò)最后的公式，并改變每個(gè)負(fù)數(shù)量的符號(hào)。這個(gè)程序已經(jīng)結(jié)合“l(fā)en”方程被采用，并且如上所述是必要的，以使公式在代數(shù)上是正確的。然而，重要的是，不要改變跡象，直到最后一步，以免一些跡象改變兩次。When conditions are such that t

12、he light is incoherent, it is not possible to detect interference effects. A discussion of wave optics is incomplete without considering the conditions that must exist for an interference experiment to be performed successfully.當(dāng)條件使得光不相干時(shí)，不可能檢測(cè)干涉效應(yīng)。波光學(xué)的討論是不完整的，沒(méi)有考慮必須存在的條件，以便干擾實(shí)驗(yàn)成功地執(zhí)行。Light is a tran

13、sverse, electromagnetic wave characterized by time-varying electric and magnetic fields. The fields propagate hand in hand; it is usually sufficient to consider either one and ignore the other. It is conventional to retain the electric field, largely because its interaction with matter is in most ca

14、ses far stronger than that of the magnetic field.光是以時(shí)變的電場(chǎng)和磁場(chǎng)為特征的橫向電磁波。在領(lǐng)域里攜手共進(jìn); 通常足以考慮一個(gè)而忽略另一個(gè)。通常保持電場(chǎng)，主要是因?yàn)槠渑c物質(zhì)的相互作用在大多數(shù)情況下遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)強(qiáng)于磁場(chǎng)的相互作用。A transverse wave, like the wave on a plucked string, vibrates at right angles to the direction of propagation. Such a wave must be described with vector notation, b

15、ecause its vibration has a specific direction associated with it. For example, the wave may vibrate horizontally, vertically, or in any other direction; or it may vibrate in a complicated combination of horizontal and vertical oscillations. Such effects are called polarization effects. A wave that v

16、ibrates in a single plane (horizontal, for example) is said to be plane polarized.橫波，類(lèi)似于拾取弦上的波，以與傳播方向成直角振動(dòng)。這樣的波必須用矢量符號(hào)來(lái)描述，因?yàn)樗恼駝?dòng)具有與其相關(guān)聯(lián)的特定方向。例如，波可以水平地，垂直地或在任何其它方向上振動(dòng); 或者其可以以水平和垂直振蕩的復(fù)雜組合振動(dòng)。這種效應(yīng)稱為偏振效應(yīng)。在單個(gè)平面（例如水平）中振動(dòng)的波被稱為平面偏振。Spectral filters are devices used to modify the (spectral) transmittance of a

17、n optical system. They may be made of a homogeneous material with appropriate spectral absorption characteristics, or use other optical phenomenon, such as multiple-beam interference or optical anisotropy, to effect the modification.光譜濾光器是用于修改光學(xué)系統(tǒng)的（光譜）透射率的裝置。它們可以由具有適當(dāng)光譜吸收特性的均勻材料制成，或者使用其它光學(xué)現(xiàn)象，例如多光束干涉

18、或光學(xué)各向異性，以實(shí)現(xiàn)修改。The fifth generation of lightwave systems employs erbium-doped fiber amplifiers for amplifying the transmitted optical signal periodically to compensate for fiber loss.第五代光波系統(tǒng)采用摻鉺光纖放大器來(lái)周期性地放大傳輸?shù)墓庑盘?hào)，以補(bǔ)償光纖損耗。As optical media, crystals are much less popular than glasses for the obvious re

19、ason that they are far more difficult to manufacture in large size. Their use is invariably motivated by the need for characteristics not readily obtainable in glass. Among these characteristics are the following: (1) Spectral transmittance characteristics extending beyond those obtainable with the

20、usual glasses; (2) Special shape of the dispersion curve; (3) Birefringence, electro-, and magnetooptical characteristics; (4) Mechanical and thermal strength.作為光學(xué)介質(zhì)，由于明顯的原因，晶體比玻璃更不受歡迎，因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)诖蟪叽缦码y以制造。它們的使用總是由對(duì)玻璃中不容易獲得的特性的需要所驅(qū)動(dòng)。這些特性如下：（1）超過(guò)用通常的玻璃獲得的光譜透射率特性; （2）分散曲線的特殊形狀; （3）雙折射，電光和磁光特性; （4）機(jī)械和熱強(qiáng)度。For

21、these potential advantages to be realized, ways must be found to produce highly compact components: (1) Optical waveguides whose cross-sectional dimensions are indeed of the order of magnitude of an optical wavelength. (2) Light sources and detectors of similar dimensions. (3) Light modulation and s

22、teering devices of a size consistent with (1) and (2).為實(shí)現(xiàn)這些潛在優(yōu)勢(shì),必須找到方法來(lái)產(chǎn)生高度緊湊的組件:(1)光波導(dǎo)的橫截面尺寸數(shù)量級(jí)的確實(shí)是一個(gè)光學(xué)波長(zhǎng)。(2)光源和探測(cè)器類(lèi)似的維度。(3)光調(diào)制和操舵裝置的大小與(1)和(2)一致。However, to obtain high efficiencies, a low work function does not suffice; the cathode must be such that useful photoexitation can take place also withi

23、n the material up to the depth of several tens of nanometers.然而，為了獲得高效率，低功函數(shù)不足; 陰極必須使得有用的光激發(fā)也可以在材料內(nèi)發(fā)生達(dá)到幾十納米的深度。Photoconductive detectors fall into two major categories: (1) Homogeneous detectors where a carrier, freed anywhere inside the material is drawn out by an externally applied field. (2) Junc

24、tion detectors, where the carriers are generated in the neighborhood of a p-n junction to be separated by an internally generated field.光電導(dǎo)檢測(cè)器分為兩個(gè)主要類(lèi)別：（1）均勻檢測(cè)器，其中在材料內(nèi)任何地方釋放的載體由外部施加的場(chǎng)引出。（2）結(jié)檢測(cè)器，其中載流子在p-n結(jié)附近產(chǎn)生以由內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生的場(chǎng)分離。The thermal detectors respond due to a change in temperature which is a function o

25、f the absorbed energy and independent of its wavelength; their spectral response is determined solely by their spectral absorptivity and is therefore generally much more uniform than that obtained with a simple photon detector.熱檢測(cè)器由于溫度變化而響應(yīng)，該溫度變化是吸收能量的函數(shù)并且與其波長(zhǎng)無(wú)關(guān); 它們的光譜響應(yīng)僅由它們的光譜吸收率確定，因此通常比用簡(jiǎn)單的光子檢測(cè)器獲得

26、的光譜響應(yīng)更均勻。Optical thin films are widely used today in many diverse applications to control the way light is reflected, transmitted, or absorbed as a function of wavelength. They can be grouped into two major categories based on the application. In the first, the light travels parallel to the plane of

27、 the substrate with the films acting as wave guides in the emerging field of integrated optics. Here light signals could replace electrical signals in applications such as communications and computers. In the second application, the light travels perpendicular to the film plane for use as antireflec

28、tion coatings, edge filters, high efficiency mirrors, beam splitters, etc. 光學(xué)薄膜目前在許多不同的應(yīng)用中廣泛使用，以控制光作為波長(zhǎng)的函數(shù)被反射，透射或吸收的方式。根據(jù)應(yīng)用，它們可以分為兩大類(lèi)。在第一種情況下，光平行于襯底的平面?zhèn)鞑?，其中膜用作集成光學(xué)器件的出射場(chǎng)中的波導(dǎo)。這里，光信號(hào)可以替代諸如通信和計(jì)算機(jī)的應(yīng)用中的電信號(hào)。在第二應(yīng)用中，光垂直于膜平面行進(jìn)，用作抗反射涂層，邊緣濾光器，高效率反射鏡，分束器等。The term “thin” is used to indicate a layer whose thickness (perpendicular to the substrate) is the same order of magnitude as the wavelength of interest, and the extent (parallel to the substrate) is a very large number of wavelengths. Typical layers might range in thicknes