醫(yī)學(xué)英語詞根詞頭

1、cardiac adj. 心臟的cardiomyopathy n. 心肌病cardiovascular adj. 心血管的cardiology n.心臟病學(xué)myocarditis n.心肌炎 electrocardiogram n. 心電圖 人體部位  English Latin (拉丁語) Greek （希臘語） 靜脈 vein  veno-   phlebo-  胸 chest  pecto-  thoraco-   腹 belly  abdomino-  ve

2、ntro- 脊柱   backbone spino- spondylo- 腦 brain cerebro- encephalo- 頭 head  capito-  cephalo- 心  heart  cordi-  cardio-   手 hand  mano-/manu- cheiro-  血管  vessel vaso-  angio-  1.adren/o: adrenal gland(腎上腺) adrenal -al, pertaini

3、ng to, 腎上腺的 adrenaline -lin/line, substance,腎上腺素 adrenalitis -itis, inflammation,腎上腺素的2. ar: pertaining to 與有關(guān)的 vascular vascul/o, blood vessel. 血管的 cellular 細胞的 Molecular 分子的，由分子組成的3. bi/o: life 生命，生物Biomedical 生物化學(xué)的 biology -logy, the study of, 生物，生物學(xué) bio physical 生物物理學(xué)4. chrom/o, chromomat: color

4、 顏色 chromosomes -somes, bodies, 染色體 chromatin -in, substance, 核染色質(zhì)5. crin/o: secrete 分泌 endocrinology 內(nèi)分泌學(xué) crinogenic gen/o+ic, pertaining to the production, 促分泌的 crinology 分泌學(xué)6. cyte: cell 細胞 erythrocyte erythr/o, red, 紅細胞 leukocyte leuk/o, white, 白細胞lymphocyte lymph/o, lymph(淋巴) 淋巴細胞7. cyt/: cell

5、細胞 cytology 細胞學(xué) cytochemistry 細胞化學(xué) cytobiology 細胞生物學(xué)8. embry/o: embryo (胚胎) embryology 胚胎學(xué) embryoma -oma, tumor 胚瘤 embryopathology 胚胎病理學(xué) pathology, the study of disease, 病理學(xué)9.endo-: inner 內(nèi)部的 endocrinology 內(nèi)分泌學(xué) endocardinal 心內(nèi)膜的 endocellular 細胞內(nèi)的10. hist/o: tissue 組織 histology 組織學(xué) Histopathology 組織病

6、理學(xué) histotherapy 組織療法hepat/o, liver 肝臟hepatitis, the inflammation of liver 肝炎 vs. endo/crino/logygastr/o, stomach 胃enter/o, intestine 腸gastr/o/enter/o/logy 腸胃病學(xué)（1）.炎: the inflammation of / -itishepatitis肝炎; hepat/o: liver 肝 arteritis動脈炎; arter/o: artery 動脈vasculitis血管炎; vascul/o: vas/o: vessel 血管neph

7、ritis腎炎; nephr/o: kidney 腎pancreatitis胰腺炎; pancreat/o: pancreas 胰腺ovaritis; oophoritis卵巢炎; pleuritis胸膜炎; pleur/o:pleura 胸膜（2） .術(shù) operation of.縫合術(shù):-orraphy aneurysmorraphy (suture) ;動脈瘤縫術(shù) aneurysm:動脈瘤切除術(shù): ectomy: removal pharyngectomy咽切除 appendectomy: 闌尾切除術(shù) append/o: appendic/o: appendix闌尾固定術(shù): -pexy:

8、 fixingrectopexy直腸固定術(shù) rect/o: rectum 直肌3）方位/時間方面的詞綴上： upper/superior; epi-; supra-epithelium上皮組織；下：lower/inferior; infra-; sub- subcutaneous 皮下的； cutane/o: skin前：front/anterior/prior/ fore-; ante-; pre-; antero- forehead前額； anteroposterior前后的 precirrhosis前期肝硬化；cirrh/o:orange硬變后：back/posterior/ post-

9、; retro- postheptical肝后的； heptic/o: liver;retrocardiac心后的；cardi/o:heart內(nèi)：inner/internal/ in-; endo-; ento-; entro-; intro-; inhale, inhalation吸入 endoscopy內(nèi)窺鏡檢； -scopy：visual exam外：outer/external/ex-; exo-; ultra-； extra-； extract抽出； exhale呼出 excretion排泄物； exocardial心外的間：inter-; between; intermuscula

10、r肌肉間的；常見藥物詞綴：-cillin 青霉素類藥物阿莫西林(羥氨芐青霉素) amoxicillin 片劑、膠囊劑 氨芐西林鈉(氨芐青霉素) ampicillin sodium 注射劑 羧芐青霉素鈉carbencillin 雙氯青霉素 dicloxacillinCef-頭孢類藥物 頭孢氨芐 cefalexin頭孢羥氨芐 cefadroxil 頭孢克洛 Cefaclor頭孢吡肟 Cefepime頭孢丙烯 Cefprozil頭孢拉定 cephradine1. a-, an- not/without asymptomatic anemia(-emia, blood) amorphous2. ana

11、- apart 分離 anatomy analysis(-lysis,separation/breakdown) analyst (-yst=ist, specialist)3. angio- vessels 血管 angiogram (-gram, record) angioplasty (-plasty, surgical repair) angitis (-itis, inflammation)4. anti- against反對 antibody (body, substance) antigen (a substance, )5. -ary pertaining to pulmona

12、ry (pulm/o, the lungs) urinary (urin/o, urine)6. de- lack of/down/loss deficiency degeneration deoxyribonucleic7.dia- complete, cross through diagnosis (gnos/o, knowlege) dialysis diameter (-meter, instrument of measurement)8. electr/o electricity 電 electrocardiograph (-graph, an instrument of recor

13、ding) electromyogram (my/o, muscle; -gram, record) electroencephalogram (encephal/o, brain)9. en- in, within endemic (dem/o, people), enclose engulf10. gnos/o knowledge agnostic Prognosis常見的醫(yī)學(xué)英語詞綴（1） 痛 headache, stomachache .the pain of ; ache, -algia; -agra; -dynianeuralgia神經(jīng)痛; neur/o: nerve（神經(jīng)）;ga

14、stralgia胃痛 ; gastr/o: gaster, stomach(胃)arthralgia關(guān)節(jié)痛; arthr/o: joint(關(guān)節(jié))abdominalgia腹痛; abdomin/o: abdomen（腹部）（2）.與檢查有關(guān)的詞綴 鏡檢：-scopy鏡檢法; -scope鏡；gastroscopy 胃鏡法；量具：-meter: instrument for measuring（測量儀）；cardiometer心力計；thermometer溫度計 心電圖： electrocardiogram =ECG; ( electrocardiograph心電圖儀) 腦電圖: electro

15、encephalogram=EEGB超:type B ultrasonic CT：computerized tomography計算機x射線斷層 尿檢：urine analysis 血常規(guī)：blood routine（3）其他詞綴 怕， 畏懼 phobia: fear；photophobia畏光 , phot/o:light困難 dys-： bad, difficulty dysfunction功能障礙; dyspepsia消化不良 dyspnea 呼吸困難, -pnea：breathing 不良 mal-： bad malnutrition營養(yǎng)不良； malpractice事故 malfun

16、ction機能障；malignant惡性的；maladministration管理不善好， 正， eu-： good；eugenic優(yōu)生的adj. eugenics優(yōu)生學(xué); gen/o: producing（生產(chǎn)） euthanasia安樂死; -thanasia: death（死）瘤，腫塊 oma: tumor; cancer; swelling lymphoma淋巴瘤； hematoma血腫血癥 emia： blood condition leukemia白血?。?septicemia敗血癥高：hyper- ：high，above; hyperdynamia: 肌力過度; (dynam/o

17、: power, force: dynamic adj.) hypertension高血壓（ high blood pressure）低：hypo-; low; below hypotonia 張力/壓力過低 hypotension （low blood pressure）低血壓 hyposensitive adj. 弱敏的療法：-therapy radiotherapy放療; radiotherapist(放療專家) chemotherapy化療 physiotherapy理療 psychotherapy心理療法 therapist治療師無， 沒有 a- an-: withoutatypic

18、al 非典型性的asexual無性的asymptomatic無癥狀的anemia貧血anorexia厭食癥 orex/o: appetiteanesthesia麻醉(感覺缺失: esthesi/o: feeling, perception )elasticity n.彈性，彈力feeble adj.虛弱的，衰弱的，無力的sag vi. 松弛sensory adj. 感官的，感覺的，知覺的squeeze v. 擠；榨；捏stamina n. 精力；耐力，韌勁taut adj. 緊的，繃緊的Transitory adj. 短暫的，轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的wreak vt. 施行（暴力）；發(fā)（脾氣）；報仇wrin

19、kled adj. 有皺紋的前綴 意思 例子 定義的例子olig/o few, scanty oligomenorrhea a scanty menstrual flow (men/o)經(jīng)量異常pan- all panacea remedy that cures all ills; a cure-all治百病的藥super-*above, excess supernumerary in excess number超過數(shù)量equi-equal, same equilateral having equal sides等邊的，等面的hetero-other, different, heterosex

20、ual pertaining to the opposite sex異性戀的；homo-, same, maintaining a constant body temperaturehomeo- unchanging homothermic保持一個恒定的體溫; warm blooded恒溫的iso- equal, same isograft graft between two genetically identical individuals同基因移植物macro-large, macrocyte extremely large red blood cell大紅細胞abnormally lar

21、gemega-,* large;megaloabnormally largemegabladder enlargement of the bladder膀胱擴張micro- small microscopic extremely small; visible only through a microscope顯微鏡的neo- new neonate a newborn infant新生兒哺乳物normo normal normovolemia normal blood volume血量正常orthostraight, correct, orthotic Correcting or prevcn

22、ting deformities矯正的upright poikilo- varied（雜色的）; poikiloderma皮膚異色病irregular pseudo- false pseudoplegia false paralysis (suffix -plegia)假麻 痹，假癱re- again; back regurgitation backward or return flow, as of blood or stomach contents回流；反芻dextr/oright dextrocardia location of the heart (cardi/o) in th 右位心

23、e right side of the chestsinistr/oleft sinistrad toward the left向左ecto-out; outside ectoderm outermost layer of the developing ec-, embryo外胚層ex/o away from;outside excise to cut out切除，刪去end/o-in; within endoscope device for viewing the inside of a cavity ororgan內(nèi)窺鏡mes/omiddle mesencephalon midbrain中

24、腦syn-, together synapse a junction between two nerve cells(神sym- 經(jīng)元的)突觸tel/e-,end telangion a terminal vessel (root angi/o)tel/o- 終動脈與疾病和疾患有關(guān)的前（后）綴 病 patho- Pathogen（病原體）/pathology（病理學(xué)）/pathogenesis (發(fā)病機理/發(fā)病原)療法-pathy ,-pathic neuropathy神經(jīng)病變/nephropathy（腎?。?adrenopathy （腎上腺?。┎B(tài) osis, -otic

25、 neurosis(神經(jīng)癥；神經(jīng)衰弱癥)/tuberculosis（肺結(jié)核）/schistosomiasis (血吸蟲病)增多 leukocytosis/granulocytosis (粒細胞增多)減少 penia, -penic leukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia（紅細胞減少）/granulocytopenia （粒細胞減少） 小/微 -let droplet（小滴）/platelet（血小板）/leaflet（小葉） 復(fù)合/多 poly- polyuria（多尿癥）/polymer聚合物/polyopia 視物顯

26、多癥全/泛 pan- pancolectomy全結(jié)腸切除術(shù) /panmyelosis全骨髓增生/pandemic全國流行的（疾病）  相反 dis- disease（疾病，不健康）/disorder（失調(diào)）/disability（不健全，殘疾） 困難/障礙 dys- dysfunction（功能紊亂）/dyspepsia消化不良；胃弱/dyspnea （呼吸困難）不良 mal- malfunction（故障，失靈）/malnutrition（營養(yǎng)不良）/malpractice（玩忽職守，不良行為） 炎癥 -itis appendicitis（闌

27、尾炎）/bronchitis（支氣管炎）/arthritis （關(guān)節(jié)炎）瘤/塊 -oma lymphoma（淋巴瘤）/adenoma腺瘤/hematoma 血腫血癥 -emia leukemia白血病/septicemia敗血病/bacteremia菌血癥痛 -algia/-algesia/alge-/algo- analgesia止痛；無痛法/hypoalgesia痛覺減退/ algometer痛覺測驗計麻痹 -plegia hemiplegia（偏癱）/pamplegia（全癱）/myoplegia （肌癱瘓） 流出 rrhea Diarrhea（腹

28、瀉）/hypermenorrhea（月經(jīng)過多）/rhinorrhea （流鼻涕）壞死 necrosis， necro-/necr- hepatonecrosis（肝壞死）/myonecrosis（肌壞死）/necrospermia （死精癥）結(jié)石 litho-/-lith lithiasis結(jié)石病/lithogenesis（結(jié)石形成）/cholelithes  膽結(jié)石3. 與方位有關(guān)的前綴上 upper/superior: epi-/supra- epidemic（流行?。?epithelium（上皮細胞）/supracostal (肋上的；肋

29、外的)下 lower/inferior: infra-/sub- infracostal肋骨下的/subclavicular(鎖骨下的)/subcutaneous （皮下的）前 front/anterior/prior: fore-/ante-/pre- Forehead前額/anteroposterior前后的/precirrhosis（前期肝硬變） 后 back/posterior: post-/retro- Posthepatic肝后的/postprandial餐后的/retrocardiac 心臟后的內(nèi) inner/internal: in-/endo-/

30、ento- Inhalation吸入/endoscopy內(nèi)窺鏡檢查/entocranial【解剖學(xué)】顱內(nèi)的外 outer/external: ex-/exo- extract取出/excretion（排泄，分泌物）間 between: inter- Intermuscular（肌間的）/intercostal （肋間部分）旁/副 on the side of: para-Parathyroid（甲狀旁腺的）/paraprotein（病變蛋白，副蛋白）/pararenal 腎旁的 周,圍 around : peri- Perioperative（圍手術(shù)期的）/pericard

31、itis心包炎/peritoneum腹膜 中心 central: centri-/centra- /centro-centrifugation離心分離/centralize集中地/centronucleus 中心核  反/對 opposite: counter-/contra- Counterpart（副本）/countershock對抗休克/contraindication 禁忌癥注：in vivo/invaivou/活體內(nèi);in vitro/in vaitrou/活體外或試管內(nèi)；in situ/insaitju:/原位 4. 與外科手術(shù)有關(guān)

32、 切除: -ectomyAppendectomy闌尾切除術(shù)/gastrectomy胃切除術(shù)/splenectomy脾切除術(shù) 切開: -tomy Tracheotomy氣管切開術(shù)/hysterotomy子宮切開術(shù)/craniotomy 穿顱術(shù)；顱骨切開術(shù)切（割）: -tome tracheotome氣管切開刀/thoracotome 開胸刀吻合 stomy gastroesophagostomy 胃食管吻合術(shù)成形術(shù) -plasty Tracheoplasty氣管成形術(shù)/osteoplasty外科 骨成形術(shù)/myoplasty（肌成形術(shù)） 造影:

33、-graphy Angiography血管造影/nephrography腎實質(zhì)造影/phlebography （靜脈造影術(shù)）經(jīng): trans- Transabdominal經(jīng)腹的/translateral經(jīng)兩側(cè)的/transurethral （經(jīng)尿道的） 注： -graphy為方法，如：electrocardigraphy 心電圖檢查術(shù)；graph為儀器，如：electrocardigraph心電圖機；gram為圖象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心電圖記錄醫(yī)學(xué)英語中的常用詞綴-phasia 某種語言的變態(tài)speech演講 heterophasia異語癥uttering故意提供或傳遞偽造文件罪 words that are different from those intended異語癥，錯語癥-lalia 含糊不清的講話speech, babblecoprolalia穢語癥compulsive use of obscene words (copro means “feces”)穢語癥-lexia苛性液葡萄干readingdyslexia讀寫困難difficulty in reading讀寫困難-plegia麻痹，癱瘓paralysistetrap