英語寫作中常見錯(cuò)誤與講解

1、英語寫作中常見錯(cuò)誤與講解(基于寒假作業(yè)一. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)1. 誤: I tried my best to speak English in class,正:Although I tried my best to speak English in class, I failed at last.解:從句用了 although, 主句就不要用 but, 兩者只能用一個(gè);類似錯(cuò)誤:In my opinion, I think., Because , so . 等,只用其中一個(gè)。2. 誤:many people .正:There are many people who do not have a good

2、 score .解:一個(gè)句子中只能有一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞,如果還要用動(dòng)詞表意,則要變換形式 為分詞或不定式(它們又叫“非謂語動(dòng)詞” ,或者變從句。3. 誤: about eight years I first正: about eight years English.解:since 自從 時(shí)候起,是完成時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志,這里“啥時(shí)”以過去發(fā)生了 什么事情來表示。4. 誤: you learn English well or not正: you learn English well or not解:no matter how/when/which的“不論”非同于 whether or not之“不論” 。 5.

3、 誤:Not onlywas improved significantly.正:Not onlysignificantly.解:not only, never, seldom, little, scarcely, nowhere, rarely 等否定詞和 on no account/by no means/under no circumstances/in no way/in no case(絕不,在任何 情況下都不 等帶有否定含義的短語放在句首,通常把 be/do等助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài) 動(dòng)詞放在主語的前面,這就是所謂的部分倒裝,例如 Rarely does the temperature go a

4、bove 25 degrees Centigrade here. (這里的溫度很少超過 25攝氏 度。 Under no circumstances should we agree to such a principle.(在任何情況下 我們都不能同意這樣一個(gè)原則。 6. 誤:正:Only when you do it will English be no problem for you.解:“ only+狀語”位于句首,主句部分倒裝。二. 主謂一致1. 誤: my 正: my classmates tell (classmate tells me 解:主語是第三人稱單數(shù),且是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),謂語

5、動(dòng)詞詞尾應(yīng)加“ s ” 2. 誤: that learning English is to remember words.正:Some people think解:“ someone ” 是第三人稱單數(shù),其謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是“ thinks ” ,但是既然“有 個(gè)人”不能代表一些人的觀點(diǎn),沒有說服力,因此還是用“ some people”為 好。3. 誤:正:My English becomes better and better./ My English is becoming better and better.解:主語是第三人稱單數(shù),且是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞詞尾應(yīng)加“ s ” 4. 誤:正:解

6、:主語是第三人稱復(fù)數(shù), “ be ”動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是“ are ” 。5. 誤:I believe that many students a lot of experience.正:have解:主語是第三人稱復(fù)數(shù),其謂語應(yīng)是“ have ” 。三. 搭配1. 誤:正:解:這是固定搭配。2. 誤:in campus正:on解:campus 指大學(xué)校園, on campus在校內(nèi), off campus在校外。3. 誤:正:look up new words in the dictionary / consult the dictionary解:look up表示 “查閱” 的意思, 后面一般接的是 “單

7、詞” 或 “詞義 (the meaning of a word” ,而不是“字典” 。4. 誤:I m developing my interest正:in解:掌握名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞與什么介詞搭配至關(guān)重要,需要平時(shí)的點(diǎn)滴積 累 , 這 些 搭 配 一 般 是 固 定 的 , 不 可 隨 便 替 換 , 例 如 show passion/enthusiasm/zeal(激 情 、 熱 情 for one s work; a thirst/hunger/craving/desire(渴 望 for knowledge ; 而 sensitive(敏 感 的 、indifferent (漠不關(guān)心的

8、、 addicted(成癮的 則與介詞 to 搭配,等等。5. 誤: myself.正:with6. 誤:I spent much time正:I spent much time (in practicing it.7. 誤:We all new words.正:We all have difficulty in memorizing new words.解:have difficulty/trouble/problem (in接動(dòng)名詞 v-ing, 表示做某事有困難。 8. 誤:I正:I dream of being a scientist.9 誤:I learned English正:I

9、learned English解:表示“用心地”意思應(yīng)該用 by heart, 中間一般不用修飾詞,類似短語還 有 by mistake(錯(cuò) 誤 地 , by accident=hap=hazard(偶 然 , 碰 巧 by comparison/contrast(相比之下 , by experience(根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn) , by force (通過武 力 , by habit(出于習(xí)慣 , by principle(按照原則 , by rote(死記硬背, 機(jī)械地 。四. 用詞混淆1. 誤:I on practicing English listening.正:It took me much ti

10、me to practice listening./ I spent much time practicing English listening.解:這個(gè)句子里面有兩個(gè)典型錯(cuò)誤。 第一, 表示做某事情花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間, 可以說 It takes/took sb. +時(shí)間 to do sth. 例如, It took me three hours to upload this movie. 其主語不要用人,而 spend 主語通常是人, I spent three days uploading this movie. 第二個(gè)錯(cuò)誤, a (largenumber of、 a multitude

11、of、 a good many, many后面只能接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式, a large amount of、 much 后面只 能接不可數(shù)名詞。2. 誤: we are in English. We can see some English movies 正: we are interested in English. We can see some interesting English movies 解:過去分詞表示被動(dòng)或者過去的意思,而現(xiàn)在分詞表示性質(zhì)。3. 誤: we should正: we should spend a lot of time saying it on any oc

12、casion解:人能 spend 錢或時(shí)間, pay 錢或代價(jià)。4. 誤: we shoulda lot of time to remember words正: we should spend a lot of time (in remembering words解:人能 spend 錢或時(shí)間,東西(對(duì)象物體 take 某人 +精力、時(shí)間、錢等。 5. 誤: 正: instead of remembering a large number of words解:instead of是介詞詞性,后面必須跟名詞或者名詞詞性的成分。6. 誤:I would be正:laughed at解:“ laug

13、h at” 表示“嘲笑”的意思,是一個(gè)及物的動(dòng)詞短語,用于被動(dòng) 語態(tài)中, at 應(yīng)該保留。7. 誤:We would feel正:frustrated解:這句話原意應(yīng)是“我們將感到灰心” 。 表示 “感到 ” ,用 “ V+ed” 形式, 表示”令人 或使人 ,用“ V+ing”形式。如:聽到這消息,我感到吃驚。 譯文:I feel /am surprised at the news. 這條消息令人吃驚。譯文:The news is surprising. 類似的表達(dá)有:disappointed/disappointing(失望 ; amused/amusing (愉 快 ; amazed/a

14、mazing(吃 驚 ; startled/startling(震 驚 ;astonished/astonishing(驚訝 ; pleased/pleasing(取悅 ; excited/exciting(興 奮等等。8. 誤:learning English well is of extreme正:importance解:“ of + (表示性質(zhì)的 noun (如:importance, significance, use, value, benefit etc. ”結(jié)構(gòu)常被用來代替具有相同意思的形容詞作后臵定語或表語。9. 誤:I am正:short解:“ short ”是形容詞,而不是

15、動(dòng)詞。10. 誤:If you learning it every day, your English will be improved a lot. 正:persist in解:“insist 堅(jiān)持 ” ,多用于意見、主張; “ persist 堅(jiān)持 ” 一般用于行動(dòng),偶爾也 用于意見; 表示不顧困難阻礙, 也可以表示頑固, 不聽開導(dǎo)或勸告。 如:I insist on your going with me. 我堅(jiān)持要你和我一起去。 He ed in carrying on his work in spite of great fatigue.他雖然疲倦極了,可是仍堅(jiān)持工作。11. 誤:Yo

16、u will .正:succeed / achieve success/ be successful解:“ success ”是名詞, “ succeed ”是動(dòng)詞, “ successful ”是形容詞。12. 誤: your pronunciation.正:benefits /is of benefit to /is beneficial to解:“ benefit ” 可以用作名詞 (意思為 “好處” , 及物動(dòng)詞 (意思為 “有益于” , “ beneficial ”是形容詞。13. 誤:yourself love it. Second, you should spend more t

17、ime on it.正:First解:“ at first”意思為“起初,開始的時(shí)候” ,不能用作列舉。14. 誤:English is important to正:us students解:因?yàn)椤拔摇笔菍W(xué)生中的一員,包括在學(xué)生中,因此, “我們”和“學(xué)生” 是同位關(guān)系,并非所屬關(guān)系。15. 誤:正:With the passage of time, /As time goes by,解:“ with ”是介詞,后跟名詞短語, “ as ”是連詞,可引導(dǎo)狀語從句。 16. 誤:Learning English正:is like解:“ like ”在這里應(yīng)是介詞“像 ” ,而不是動(dòng)詞“喜歡” 。

18、17. 誤:My teacher told us to正:remember as many words as we could解:此句中“ many ”應(yīng)是“ words ”的定語,故不要分開。五. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞1. 誤:you nothing正:you will achieve nothing解:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后跟動(dòng)詞原形。2. 誤: it正: it will be very easy to learn English well解:will 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后必須跟實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原形。3. 誤:we can some simple English articles.正:read解:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞只能跟不帶“ to

19、 ”的不定式。六. 中式英語1. 誤：If you dont believe it, just try! 正：Have a try and you will see! 解：如果逐字逐句翻譯，我們就知道本來意思可能是： “如果你不相信，就試 試看！ 但是， 英文的意思是： ” “如果你不相信這（道理） ，你試試看！ 這 ” 更象是終極教訓(xùn)的話。 2. 誤：With so many useful websites, we are convenient to learn English. 正：With so many useful websites, it is convenient for us

20、to learn English. 解：有些形容詞只能用來描述某個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，而非修飾動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，例 如 important, crucial, vital, necessary, essential, easy, difficult, convenient, imperative, possible 等；有些形容詞可直接修飾人，描繪人的性格、品質(zhì)等， 例如 considerate, careless, patient, kind, polite 等， are very kind to help me./It You is very kind of you to help me. 3. 誤：

21、we mainly do English papers before the college entrance examination. 正：take simulated tests 4. 誤：I was in Grade One when I first touched English. 正：began to study / learn 5. 誤：Because it gives me a chance to contact with the western cultures more directly. 正：be exposed to western cultures 七 時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài) 1.

22、 誤：When I first saw the English, I think it is a kind of strange language. 正：When I first saw the English, I thought it was a kind of strange language. 解：統(tǒng)一時(shí)態(tài)，在描述當(dāng)初的所見所聞，用過去時(shí)態(tài)。 2. 誤：The nine years of learning English makes up of my junior and senior life and two years in university. 正：The nine years

23、 of learning English is made up of my junior and senior high school years and two years in university. 解：中文喜“萬事皆備于我”之主動(dòng)表達(dá)意識(shí)，除非是在特別強(qiáng)調(diào)或者修辭 的情況下， “被”字等表示被動(dòng)的形式很少備用； 英文則只認(rèn)主語是否是謂 語動(dòng)詞的行動(dòng)者還是受動(dòng)者的死理，后者一定要被動(dòng)形式表達(dá)。 3. 誤：When I fed up with it, I always think about those people. 正：When Im fed up with it, I always

24、think about those people. 解： fed up with something， be 類似表達(dá)還有：be bored with, be weary of,be tired of。 6 4. 誤：Having learning English for about ten years, 正：learned/learnt 5. 誤：I have been studied English for many years. 正：have been studying 解：如果某個(gè)動(dòng)作從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，則用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) have been v-ing。 6. 誤： Have

25、you ever heard of a person who become successful by doing something he hated? 正：Have you ever heard of a person who becomes successful by doing something he hates? 解：時(shí)態(tài)一致，最好統(tǒng)一現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。另外，主謂一致。 7. 誤：It is essential that a student has a good learning habit. 正：It is essential that a student have a good lea

26、rning habit. 解：在類似 It is/was essential that句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞在美國(guó)英語 中用動(dòng)詞原型，而在英國(guó)英語中用 should+v。上句中 essential=crucial=vital= extremely important，這些詞放在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語動(dòng)詞采取相同的形式。類似 的 形 容 詞 還 有 ： advisable( 明 智 的 , (inappropriate/(improper( 不 / 合 適 的,preferable(更好的，desirable(合意的。 這種句型結(jié)構(gòu)還可以表達(dá)一種不可思議的情況，表示“竟然”的意思，帶有 一種感情色彩

27、，謂語動(dòng)詞用 “should+v”。 It is surprising/dreadful/unthinkable that they should pass time like that. 他們 竟然那樣來打發(fā)時(shí)間真令人驚訝/可怕/不可思議。 Its so strange that she should be so late. 真奇怪，她竟然來這么晚。 Its natural that you should forget it. 你忘掉這事，這很自然。 八 其它 1. 誤：Firstly, I think we should read some vocabularies everyday for learning English. Because the word is the basis of learning English. 正：Firstly, I think we should read some vocabularies everyday for learning English because the word is the basis of learning English. 解：書寫規(guī)范。 2. 誤：We can see how they write article and use grammar. 正：We can see ho