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1、英語寫作中常見錯誤與分析及技巧一.不一致(Disagreements) 所謂不一致不光指主謂不一致,它還包括了數(shù)的不一致時態(tài)不一致及代詞不一致等.例1. When one have money ,he can do what he want to .(人一旦有了錢,他就能想干什么就干什么.)剖析:one是單數(shù)第三人稱,因而本句的have應(yīng)改為has ;同理,want應(yīng)改為wants.本句是典型的主謂不一致.改為:Once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do)二.修飾語錯位(Misplaced Modifiers) 英語與漢語不同,同一個修

2、飾語置于句子不同的位置,句子的含義可能引起變化.對于這一點中國學(xué)生往往沒有引起足夠的重視,因而造成了不必要的誤解.例1. I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.剖析:better位置不當(dāng),應(yīng)置于句末.三.句子不完整(Sentence Fragments)在口語中,交際雙方可借助手勢語氣上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解.可是書面語就不同了,句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整會令意思表達不清,這種情況常常發(fā)生在主句寫完以后,筆者又想加些補充說明時發(fā)生.例1. There are many way

3、s to know the society. For example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .剖析:本句后半部分for example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .”不是一個完整的句子,僅為一些不連貫的詞語,不能獨立成句.改為:There are many ways to know society ,for example ,by TV ,radio ,and newspaper.四.懸垂修飾語(Dangling Modifiers)所謂懸垂修飾語是指句首的短語與后面句子的邏輯關(guān)系混亂不清.例如:At th

4、e age of ten, my grandfather died.這句中at the age of ten只點出十歲時,但沒有說明”誰”十歲時.按一般推理不可能是my grandfather,如果我們把這個懸垂修飾語改明確一點,全句就不那么費解了.改為:When I was ten, my grandfather died.例1. To do well in college, good grades are essential.剖析:句中不定式短語“to do well in college”的邏輯主語不清楚.改為:To do well in college, a student needs

5、 good grades.五.詞性誤用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)“詞性誤用”常表現(xiàn)為:介詞當(dāng)動詞用;形容詞當(dāng)副詞用;名詞當(dāng)動詞用等.例1. None can negative the importance of money.剖析:negative系形容詞,誤作動詞。改為:None can deny the importance of money.六.指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns) 指代不清主要講的是代詞與被指代的人或物關(guān)系不清,或者先后所用的代詞不一致。看下面這一句:Mary was friendly to my sist

6、er because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.(瑪麗和我姐姐很要好,因為她要她做她的伴娘。)讀完上面這一句話,讀者無法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰將結(jié)婚,誰將當(dāng)伴娘。如果我們把易于引起誤解的代詞的所指對象加以明確,意思就一目了然了。這個句子可改為:Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.例1. And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.剖析:句中人稱代詞we和反身

7、代詞yourself指代不一致。改為:We can also know society by serving it ourselves.七.不間斷句子(Run-on Sentences)什么叫run-on sentence?請看下面的例句。例1. There are many ways we get to know the outside world. 剖析:這個句子包含了兩層完整的意思:“There are many ways.”以及“We get to know the outside world.”。簡單地把它們連在一起就不妥當(dāng)了。改為:There are many ways for u

8、s to learn about the outside world.或:There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world八.措詞毛病(Troubles in Diction)Diction是指在特定的句子中如何適當(dāng)?shù)剡x用詞語的問題,囿于教學(xué)時間緊迫,教師平時在這方面花的時間往往極其有限,影響了學(xué)生在寫作中沒有養(yǎng)成良好的推敲,斟酌的習(xí)慣。他們往往隨心所欲,拿來就用。所以作文中用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e誤比比皆是。例1. The increasing use of chemical obstacl

9、es in agriculture also makes pollution.(農(nóng)業(yè)方面化學(xué)物質(zhì)使用的不斷增加也造成了污染。)剖析:顯然,考生把obstacles“障礙”,“障礙物”誤作substance“物質(zhì)”了。另外“the increasing use (不斷增加的使用)”應(yīng)改為“abusive use (濫用)”。改為:The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.九.累贅(Redundancy)言以簡潔為貴。寫句子沒有一個多余的詞;寫段落沒有一個無必要的句子。能

10、用單詞的不用詞組;能用詞組的不用從句或句子。如: In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him.本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同謂語從句,我們按照上述“能用詞組的不用從句”可以改為:In spite of his laziness, I like him.例1. For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.剖析:整個句子可以大大簡化。改為:Dilige

11、nt, caring people use money only to buy what they need.十.不連貫(Incoherence)不連貫是指一個句子前言不對后語,或是結(jié)構(gòu)上不暢通。這也是考生常犯的毛病。例1. The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth. 剖析:The fresh water與逗號后的it不連貫。It與things在數(shù)方面不一致。改為:Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.十一.綜合性語言錯誤(Comprehensi

12、ve Misusage) 所謂“綜合性語言錯誤”,是指除了上述十種錯誤以外,還有諸如時態(tài),語態(tài),標(biāo)點符號,大小寫等方面的錯誤。例1.Today, Money to everybody is very importance, ours eat, cloth, live, go etc.(magaworld)寫作句式35一、 the + est + 名詞 + (that) + 主詞 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc) the most + 形容詞 + 名詞 + (that) + 主詞 + have ever + seen ( known/

13、heard/had/read, etc) 例句:Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. 海倫是我所看過最美麗的女孩。 Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had. 張老師是我曾經(jīng)遇到最仁慈的教師。 二、Nothing is + er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容詞 + than to + V 例句:Nothing is more important than to receive education. 沒有比接受教育更重

14、要的事。 三、 cannot emphasize the importance of too much. (再怎么強調(diào).的重要性也不為過。) 例句:We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 我們再怎么強調(diào)保護眼睛的重要性也不為過。 四、There is no denying that + S + V .(不可否認(rèn)的.) 例句:There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse. 不可否認(rèn)的,我

15、們的生活品質(zhì)已經(jīng)每況愈下。 五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子 (全世界都知道.) 例句:It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us. 全世界都知道樹木對我們是不可或缺的。 六、There is no doubt that + 句子 (毫無疑問的.) 例句:There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired. 毫無疑問的我們的教育制度令人不滿意。 七、An

16、advantage of is that + 句子 (.的優(yōu)點是.) 例句:An advantage of using the solar energy is that it wont create (produce) any pollution. 使用太陽能的優(yōu)點是它不會制造任何污染。 八、The reason why + 句子 is that + 句子 (.的原因是.) 例句:The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air. The reason why we have to g

17、row trees is that they can supply fresh air for us. 我們必須種樹的原因是它們能供應(yīng)我們新鮮的空氣。 九、So + 形容詞 + be + 主詞 + that + 句子 (如此.以致于.) 例句:So precious is time that we cant afford to waste it. 時間是如此珍貴,我們經(jīng)不起浪費它。 十、Adj + as + Subject(主詞)+ be, S + V (雖然.) 例句:Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no

18、means satisfactory. by no means = in no way = on no account 一點也不 雖然我們的國家富有,我們的生活品質(zhì)絕對令人不滿意。 十一、The + er + S + V, the + er + S + V The + more + Adj + S + V, the + more + Adj + S + V (愈.愈.) 例句:The harder you work, the more progress you make. 你愈努力,你愈進步。 The more books we read, the more learned we become

19、. 我們書讀愈多,我們愈有學(xué)問。 十二、By +Ving, can (借著.,.能夠.) 例句:By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy. 借著做運動,我們能夠始終保持健康。 十三、 enable + Object(受詞)+ to + V (.使.能夠.) 例句:Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed. 聽音樂使我們能夠感覺輕松。 十四、On no account can we + V (我們絕對不能.) 例句:On no account can we ignore the value of

20、knowledge. 我們絕對不能忽略知識的價值。 十五、It is time + S + 過去式 (該是.的時候了) 例句:It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems. 該是有關(guān)當(dāng)局采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧﹣斫鉀Q交通問題的時候了。 十六、Those who (.的人.) 例句:Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished. 違反交通規(guī)定的人應(yīng)該受處罰。 十七、There is no one but (沒有人不.

21、) 例句:There is no one but longs to go to college. 沒有人不渴望上大學(xué)。 十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V (不得不.) 例句:Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports. 既然考試迫在眉睫,我不得不放棄做運動。 十九、It is conceivable that + 句子 (可想而知的) It is obvious that + 句子 (明顯的) It is apparent

22、that + 句子 (顯然的) 例句:It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life. 可想而知,知識在我們的一生中扮演一個重要的角色。 二十、That is the reason why (那就是.的原因) 例句:Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I dont like it. 夏天很燠熱。那就是我不喜歡它的原因。 二十一、For the past + 時間,S + 現(xiàn)在完成式.(過去.年來,.一直.) 例句:For the past two years,

23、 I have been busy preparing for the examination. 過去兩年來,我一直忙著準(zhǔn)備考試。 二十二、Since + S + 過去式,S + 現(xiàn)在完成式。 例句:Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard. 自從他上高中,他一直很用功。 二十三、It pays to + V (.是值得的。) 例句:It pays to help others. 幫助別人是值得的。 二十四、be based on (以.為基礎(chǔ)) 例句:The progress of thee society is

24、 based on harmony. 社會的進步是以和諧為基礎(chǔ)的。 二十五、Spare no effort to + V (不遺余力的) 例句:We should spare no effort to beautify our environment. 我們應(yīng)該不遺余力的美化我們的環(huán)境。 二十六、bring home to + 人 + 事 (讓.明白.事) 例句:We should bring home to people the value of working hard. 我們應(yīng)該讓人們明白努力的價值。 二十七、be closely related to (與.息息相關(guān)) 例句:Takin

25、g exercise is closely related to health. 做運動與健康息息相關(guān)。 二十八、Get into the habit of + Ving = make it a rule to + V (養(yǎng)成.的習(xí)慣) We should get into the habit of keeping good hours. 我們應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成早睡早起的習(xí)慣。 二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, (因為.) 例句:Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream. 因為他的鼓勵,

26、我終于實現(xiàn)我的夢想。 三十、What a + Adj + N + S + V!= How + Adj + a + N + V!(多么.!) 例句:What an important thing it is to keep our promise! How important a thing it is to keep our promise! 遵守諾言是多么重要的事! 三十一、Leave much to be desired (令人不滿意) 例句:The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired. 我們的交通狀況令人不滿意。 三十二、

27、Have a great influence on (對.有很大的影響) 例句:Smoking has a great influence on our health. 抽煙對我們的健康有很大的影響。 三十三、do good to (對.有益),do harm to (對.有害) 例句:Reading does good to our mind.讀書對心靈有益。 Overwork does harm to health.工作過度對健康有害。 三十四、Pose a great threat to (對.造成一大威脅) 例句:Pollution poses a great threat to ou

28、r existence. 污染對我們的生存造成一大威脅。 三十五、do ones utmost to + V = do ones best (盡全力去.) 例句:We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life. 我們應(yīng)盡全力去達成我們的人生目標(biāo)。英語寫作常用詞匯及詞組· 表層進· 表舉例· 表解釋· 表總結(jié)· 表強調(diào)· 表讓步· 表比較· 表轉(zhuǎn)折· 表時間 表層進first, firstly to begin withsecond, secondly

29、 to start withthird, thirdly what's morealso and thenand equally importantbesides in additionfurther in the first placestill furthermorelast last but not the leastnext besidestoo moreoverfinally 表舉例for example for instanceto illustrate as an illustrationafter all 表解釋as a matter of fact frankly s

30、peakingin this case namelyin other words 表總結(jié)in summary in a wordin brief in conclusionto conclude in factindeed in shortin other words of courseit is true speciallynamely in allthat is to summarizethus as has been saidaltogether in other wordsfinally in simpler termsin particular that ison the whole

31、 to put it differentlytherefore 表強調(diào)of course indeedabove all most importantemphasis certainly in fact表讓步still neverthelessin spite of all the sameeven so after allconcession granted naturallyof course 表比較in comparison likewisesimilarly equallyhowever likewisein the same way 表轉(zhuǎn)折by contrast althoughat

32、 the same time butin contrast neverthelessnotwithstanding on the contraryon the other hand otherwiseregardless stillthough yetdespite the fact that even soeven though for all thathowever in spite ofinstead 表時間after a while afterwardagain alsoand then as long asat last at lengthat that time beforebes

33、ides earliereventually finallyformerly furtherfurthermore in additionin the first place in the pastlast latelymeanwhile moreovernext nowpresently secondshortly simultaneouslysince so farsoon stillsubsequently thenthereafter toountil until nowwhen 常用句型 (一)段首句 1. 關(guān)于人們有不同的觀點。一些人認(rèn)為There are different op

34、inions among people as to _ .Some people suggest that _.2. 俗話說(常言道),它是我們前輩的經(jīng)歷,但是,即使在今天,它在許多場合仍然適用。 There is an old saying_. Its the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even today. 3. 現(xiàn)在,它們給我們的日常生活帶來了許多危害。首先,;其次,。更為糟糕的是。Today, _, which have brought a lot of harms in our

35、daily life. First, _ Second,_. What makes things worse is that_.4. 現(xiàn)在,很普遍,許多人喜歡,因為,另外(而且)。Nowadays,it is common to _. Many people like _ because _. Besides,_. 5. 任何事物都是有兩面性,也不例外。它既有有利的一面,也有不利的一面。Everything has two sides and _ is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages. 6. 關(guān)于人們的觀點各不

36、相同,一些人認(rèn)為(說),在他們看來, Peoples opinions about _ vary from person to person. Some people say that _.To them,_. 7. 人類正面臨著一個嚴(yán)重的問題,這個問題變得越來越嚴(yán)重。Man is now facing a big problem _ which is becoming more and more serious. 8. 已成為人的關(guān)注的熱門話題,特別是在年青人當(dāng)中,將引發(fā)激烈的辯論。_ has become a hot topic among people,especially among

37、the young and heated debates are right on their way. 9. 在我們的日常生活中起著越來越重要的作用,它給我們帶來了許多好處,但同時也引發(fā)一些嚴(yán)重的問題。 _ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.10. 根據(jù)圖表/數(shù)字/統(tǒng)計數(shù)字/表格中的百分比/圖表/條形圖/成形圖可以看出。很顯

38、然,但是為什么呢? According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph,it can be seen that_ while. Obviously,_,but why? 二)中間段落句 1. 相反,有一些人贊成,他們相信,而且,他們認(rèn)為。 On the contrary,there are some people in favor of _.At the same time,they say_.2. 但是,我認(rèn)為這不是解決的好方法,比如。最糟糕的是。But I dont

39、 think it is a very good way to solve _.For example,_.Worst ofall,_.3. 對我們國家的發(fā)展和建設(shè)是必不可少的,(也是)非常重要的。首先,。而且,最重要的是 _is necessary and important to our countrys development and construction.First,_.Whats more, _.Most important of all,_.4. 有幾個可供我們采納的方法。首先,我們可以。 There are several measures for us to adopt.

40、First, we can_5. 面臨,我們應(yīng)該采取一系列行之有效的方法來。一方面,另一方面,Confronted with_,we should take a series of effective measures to_. For one thing,_For another,_6. 早就應(yīng)該拿出行動了。比如說,另外。所有這些方法肯定會。 It is high time that something was done about it. For example. _.In addition._.All these measures will certainly_.7. 為什么?第一個原因

41、是;第二個原因是;第三個原因是。總的來說,的主要原因是由于 Why_? The first reason is that _.The second reason is _.The third is_.For all this, the main cause of _due to _.8. 然而,正如任何事物都有好壞兩個方面一樣,也有它的不利的一面,象。 However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, _also has its owndisadvantages, such as _.9. 盡管如此,我相信更有利。No

42、netheless, I believe that _is more advantageous.10. 完全同意這種觀點(陳述),主要理由如下:I fully agree with the statement that _ because_.英漢表達差異英語寫作中的攔路虎有位專家曾做過這樣一個實驗:他找了兩位二十歲左右的西班牙小伙子和中國小伙子,讓他們在同一時間內(nèi)用英語寫同一篇作文,結(jié)果,西班牙小伙子瀟瀟灑灑地寫了五百多字,意思表達基本明了,但拼寫語法錯誤不勝枚舉,改動處不多;而中國小伙子只拘謹(jǐn)?shù)貙懥瞬坏饺僮?,拼寫錯誤不多,但語法改動不下二十余處,使人難以流暢地閱讀。顯然,前者只注意思想的表

43、達,后者則有很強的語法意識生怕犯語法錯誤,這種意識在相當(dāng)程度上影響了思想的表達。由此可見,不同社會文化背景的人,會有不同的思維方式和思維習(xí)慣,在學(xué)習(xí)新的語言時,人們會很自然地把這種習(xí)慣帶到新的語言里去,產(chǎn)生這樣或那樣的不良結(jié)果。 值得一提的是,中國人與西方人看問題的方法的確在許多方面存在著差異,而且這種差異的的確確在束縛著中國學(xué)生,成為他們英文寫作中的攔路虎,使他們不能暢所欲言,不能準(zhǔn)確而簡潔地表達思想。因此,本文就大學(xué)英語寫作中常出現(xiàn)的問題談?wù)動h表達的幾種差異。 一、首先,讓我們關(guān)注一下英美人與中國人思維方式的不同。英美人的思維方式是直線式的,他們在遣詞造句謀篇上遵循著從一般(genera

44、l)到具體(specific),從概括(summarize)到舉例(exemplify),從整體(whole)到個體(respective)的原則。請看短文: Soccer is a difficult sport(1)A player must be able to run steadily without rest(2)Sometimes a player must hit the ball with his or her head(3)Players must be willing to bang into and be banged into by others(4) They mus

45、t put up with aching feet and sore muscles 上面的這則短文中,主題句(main idea sentence)也就是文章的中心是第一句,(1)(2)(3)(4)句是用來說明主題句的。 而在漢語中,我們習(xí)慣于先分后總,先說原因后說結(jié)果,即所謂的“前因后果”,如果要表達相同的意思,我們通常這樣說: 足球運動員必須能不停地奔跑,有時得用頭頂球,撞別人或被別人撞,必須忍受雙腳和肌肉的疼痛,所以說,足球運動是一項難度大的運動。 再比如寫下面一則便條,因你母親突然生病,周末你不能和湯姆去跳舞了,你找了舞跳得很好的時黛來代替你,并表示抱歉。 此英語便條為: July

46、6,2002 Dear Tom, I am sorry to inform you that I won't be able to go to dance with you this weekend My mother is suddenly takenillIn order not to disappoint you,I have asked Shi Dai to take my placeShe is a better dancer,I thinkMy regrets Joe 從便條中可以看出,英語表達先“果”I won't be able to go to dance w

47、ith you this weekend后“因”my mother is suddenly taken ill,即所謂的“先果后因”。 一般來說,在單個句子中,英語句子也是先中心,也就是將主要思想、結(jié)果放在句首,放在主句里表達;而漢語正相反,一般為后中心,主要的觀點、信息往往放在句末。如: He had to stay at hom e yesterday because he was ill因為他病了,昨天他不得不呆在家里。 Tragedies can be written in literature since there is tragedy in life生活中既然有悲劇,文學(xué)作品就可

48、以寫悲劇。 所以說,大學(xué)生用英文寫作時,就要按照英美人的思維模式進行思考,也就是說要學(xué)會用英語進行思維,避免寫出中國式的英語。 二、接下來,讓我們看一下英漢句子結(jié)構(gòu)的特點。英語屬印歐語系,漢語屬漢藏語系,兩種語言相距甚遠,英語結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,漢語結(jié)構(gòu)松散。語言學(xué)家以“竹節(jié)句法”來比喻英語句子,即英語句子是由斷不可缺的各種連接詞銜接而成,宛如節(jié)節(jié)相連的竹子;而漢語句子則被比喻為“流水句法”,所謂的流水指少用乃至不用連接詞仍行文流暢。所以說,英語重形和,漢語重意和。英語句子中如果少了連接詞如or,but,if,so,because,when,although , in order that,so tha

49、t,所要表達的意思就支離破碎了,而漢語如沒連接詞,只從句子本身的意思就可以把概念或關(guān)系表達清楚。如: Conquer the desires,or they will conquer you你如不能戰(zhàn)勝欲念,欲念將要戰(zhàn)勝你。 An Englishm an who could not speak Chinese was once travelling in China一個英國人,不會說中國話,有一次在中國旅行。 三、就是因為英語中各種連接詞與替代詞的廣泛使用,使得英語中出現(xiàn)“多枝共干”式的長句,復(fù)合句;漢語則常用短句,簡單句。請看下面一個英語長句以及其漢意。 It was on a Sunday

50、 evening,when he was lying in the orchard listening to a blackbird and composing a love poem,that he heard thegate swing to,and saw the girl coming running among the trees,with the redcheeked, stolid Joe in swift pursuit一個星期日的傍晚,他正躺在果園里,一面在聽畫眉鳥的啁啾,一面在寫一首愛情詩,忽然聽得大門砰地關(guān)上,接著看見那姑娘從樹叢里奔出來,后面飛跟著那呆頭呆腦的紅臉的喬。

51、 這是個英語強調(diào)句,其重心是:he heard the gate swing to and saw the girl com ing running am ong the trees,而when he was ly- ing in the orchard listening to a blackbird and com posing a love poem是一個時間狀語從句,這兩個句子通過itwasthat這個強調(diào)句型巧妙地合為一個復(fù)合長句,整個句子簡單明了,結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,若用漢語表達則須分成好幾個短句。再如: The president said at a conference dominate

52、d by questions on yesterday's election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat,which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House在一次記者招待會上,問題集中于昨天的選舉結(jié)果,總統(tǒng)就此發(fā)了言。他說他不能理解為什么共和黨遭到了這樣大的失敗。這種情況最終會使共和黨失去在眾議院長期享有的

53、優(yōu)勢。 這個英語長句是由一個帶有分詞短語的主句,兩個賓語從句和一個非限制性定語從句組成,整個句子的主干簡單明了:The pres-identsaidthat,若用漢語來表達,須把此長句拆開分成三個單句來分別敘述。 四、英語的另一個顯著特點是被動句多。英語重物稱,常常選擇不能施行動作或無生命的詞語作主語,由于這些“無靈”物稱充當(dāng)主語,使得被動句大興其道。在英語被動句里,不必強調(diào)動作的施行者,就將其置于句尾由by連接;不必、不愿或不便言明動作的施行者,就干脆將其省略。相對而言,漢語習(xí)慣于人稱化的表達,主語常常是能施行動作或 有生命的物體,所以漢語中主動句多。請看例句: It has been kn

54、own for a long time that there is a first relationship between the heart and the liver長期以來,大家知道心臟與肝臟的關(guān)系是最主要的。 The fam ous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire大火幾乎使這家有名的旅館全部毀滅。 They were given a hearty welcome他們受到熱烈歡迎。 五、英語的又一顯著特點是其豐富的時態(tài)。不同的語言具有不同的時態(tài),有的語言甚至很少或沒有時態(tài),漢語基本上就是借助詞匯來表示各種時間和動

55、作的,漢語動詞除了只有“著”、“了”、“過”的若干說法與英語的進行時、完成時或過去時相對外,別無其他與英語相對應(yīng)的時體形式;而英語不僅有時態(tài),而且種類繁多(共有16種時態(tài)),區(qū)分細(xì)微,習(xí)慣性強。英語就是通過這些固定的語法手段將動作的進行過程與狀況描繪得更準(zhǔn)確更精細(xì),有時甚至能表達說話人的感情色彩。如: You're always asking me such questions!你老是問我這樣的問題?。ㄓ矛F(xiàn)在進行時表示厭煩) I am now living in a very pleasant flat我現(xiàn)在住在一間非常舒適的公寓里。(用現(xiàn)在進行時表示滿意) 所以,傳遞同樣的意思,英語

56、只要選用合適的時態(tài)就可以了,漢語則必須使用詞匯手段。又如: It has been noted that those who live,or have lived,in the shadow of death bring a m ellow sweetness to everything theydo人們已經(jīng)注意到大凡受到死亡威脅的人或是死里逃生的人對于他們所干的任何事總是興趣盎然。 六、從詞匯方面講,英漢兩種語言也有很大差異。就詞組而言,英語中的詞組或短語可謂林林總總,豐富多彩,有名詞短語、動詞短語、形容詞短語、介詞短語、分詞短語、不定式短語與獨立結(jié)構(gòu)等,它們的語法功能不一而足,可作主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語與表語等。如: Marriage

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