初升高英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法匯總

1、第一部份 語(yǔ)法概論第一節(jié)詞類(lèi).2第二節(jié) 句子 3第三節(jié)從句 .3第二部份 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)第一節(jié)名詞 4第二節(jié)冠詞 .7第三節(jié)代詞 . 10第四節(jié)數(shù)詞 .15第五節(jié)介詞.17第六節(jié) 連詞 . 20第七節(jié)形容詞和副詞 24第八節(jié)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 . .27第九節(jié)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài) . .29第十節(jié)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài) .36第三部份句子種類(lèi) . 38第四部份主從復(fù)合句 .43第五部份直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ) .46第一部份語(yǔ)法概論英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法主要分作詞法和句法兩類(lèi)，換而言之，詞類(lèi)和句子兩要素在語(yǔ)法中起著關(guān)鍵作 用。因此，我們首先必須弄清詞類(lèi)，句子的基本構(gòu)成、分類(lèi)及其共性。第一節(jié)詞類(lèi)1、詞的分類(lèi)英語(yǔ)中的詞根據(jù)其形式特征、詞義以及句法作用，分成

2、十類(lèi):詞類(lèi)英語(yǔ)名稱(chēng)縮寫(xiě)形式例詞名詞nounn.Paper, bike代詞Pronounpron.They, everyone動(dòng)詞verbv.Play, learn副詞adverbadv.Often, quite形容詞adjectiveAdj.Great, long數(shù)詞numeralnum.nine, first冠詞articleart.a(an),the介詞prepositionprep.in, on連詞conjunctionconj.but, though感嘆詞interjectionint.oh, aha2、詞類(lèi)關(guān)系(1)冠詞、介詞、連接詞和感嘆詞不能在句中獨(dú)立充當(dāng)成份，稱(chēng)為虛詞；名詞、代

3、詞、 數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞和動(dòng)詞能在句中獨(dú)立充當(dāng)成份，稱(chēng)為實(shí)詞。(2)副詞常修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞本身。(3)代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞和冠詞常修飾名詞，形容詞也可修飾某些代詞(如不定代詞)，但 要后置。第二節(jié)句子1、句子分類(lèi)句子具有一定的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，比單詞和詞組復(fù)雜，能表達(dá)相對(duì)獨(dú)立和完整的意義。句 子結(jié) 構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單句Tom usually plays football in afternoon 湯姆經(jīng)常下午踢足球。并例句He is tall but I am short.他圖可是我矮。主從復(fù)合句It is obvious that he did that thing.他顯然做了件事。句子 功能陳述句She

4、has not had her lunch.她還沒(méi)吃早餐。疑問(wèn)句Can you give me a piece of paper?你能給我L張紙嗎？祈使句Let' s go swimming.讓我去游泳吧。感嘆句What an interesting story it is.多么有趣的故事?。?、句子成分英語(yǔ)的句子成分可由單詞、詞組或從句構(gòu)成，具體劃分與漢語(yǔ)相差較大，需特別注意。(1)主語(yǔ) T The Subject )(2)謂語(yǔ)(The Predicate )(3)賓語(yǔ)(The Object )(4)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(The Complement )(5)表語(yǔ) T The Predicative

5、 )(6)定語(yǔ)(The Attribute) 狀語(yǔ) T The Adverbial )第三節(jié)從句從句有以下幾種：分類(lèi)例句主語(yǔ)從句Whether he ' s coming or not doesn 他是否來(lái)無(wú)關(guān)緊要。't matter too much.表語(yǔ)從句That is what he meant.這是他的意思。賓語(yǔ)從句She asked me which I like best.她問(wèn)我喜歡哪一個(gè)。定語(yǔ)從句The letter which I received yesterday was from my mother. 昨天我收的信是我的母親來(lái)的。狀語(yǔ)從句We must

6、hurry off lest we should miss the train.我們是趕快走了，以免誤了火車(chē)。同位語(yǔ)從句The fact that you told a lie is unforgiveable.你撒謊這 f 實(shí)不可原諒。第二部份基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)第一節(jié)名詞名詞是表示人或物名稱(chēng)的詞，它分為專(zhuān)有名詞和普通名詞兩大類(lèi)。具體情況見(jiàn)下表:普通名詞（common noun ）專(zhuān)有名詞如：China,Li Hua, London個(gè)體名詞如:student, computer集體名詞如 ： team,family,class物質(zhì)名詞如:water, milkenergy （精力）抽象名詞如：infor

7、mation,anger一般可數(shù)，有單復(fù)數(shù)形式一般不可數(shù)，沒(méi)有單復(fù)數(shù)形式、可數(shù)名詞1 .可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則變化A）名詞直接加s變復(fù)數(shù)；B）以 s, x, sh, o 結(jié)尾的單詞加 es 變復(fù)數(shù);如 bus, watch, fish, tomato, potato 等。 注意：zoo, radio, photo 直接加s變復(fù)數(shù)。C）輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的單詞，把 y改為i再加es;如baby, factory, library 等。D）以 f或 fe 結(jié)尾，去掉 f 或 fe,變 v再加 es;如 knife, wife, leaf, life, shelf 等。2 .可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)不規(guī)則變化。A）改變

8、單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母，如：Footffeet man fmen toothfteeth mouse fmiceB）在詞尾加 -en,如：Child Children ox oxen（）有少數(shù)名詞是單復(fù)數(shù)同形，如：Sheep fish peopleC）表示某國(guó)人”的單復(fù)數(shù)變化單復(fù)數(shù)同形，如：Chinese, Japanese詞尾力口 -s,如： German f Germans American fAmericans Roman f Romans變-man 為 -men , 如： Englishman f EnglishmenD）復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化： 變中心詞，如： A son-in- law

9、f sonsn-law在最后力口 -s, 如： a grow- up，a grow ups.前后名詞者B變，如：woman- doctor fwomen doctors boy/girl 在前時(shí)，變后面的詞，如： a boy- student fboy students二、不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞用U表示，包括物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞，一般只有單數(shù)形式，沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。但HSK 91 .物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞借助單位詞表示一定的數(shù)量，如：A cup of tea a sheet of paper a loaf of bread a piece of advice2 .有些物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)后意義有所不

10、同，如：air -airs神氣 goodfgoods 商品 paper fpapers 考卷 time ftimes 時(shí)代三、常用國(guó)籍的單、復(fù)數(shù)名稱(chēng)總稱(chēng)（謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)）一個(gè)人二個(gè)人中國(guó)人the Chinesea Chinesetwo Chinese日本人the Japanesea Japanesetwo Japanese法國(guó)人the Frencha Frenchmantwo Frenchmen英國(guó)人the Englishan Englishmantwo Englishmen澳大利亞人the Australiansan Australiantwo Australians俄國(guó)人the Russian

11、sa Russiantwo Russians美國(guó)人the Americansan Americantwo Americans德國(guó)人the Germansa Germantwo Germans歸納記憶：中國(guó)人和日本人單復(fù)數(shù)相同，英國(guó)人和法國(guó)人把a(bǔ)改為e,其余的在后面加-s。四、名詞所有格A）名詞所有格用于人或動(dòng)物的名詞詞尾，以及表示時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家、城市等無(wú)生命的名詞后。 Tomi s pens, Lucy and Lily ' s room（同所有 ）,Lily ' s and Lucy ' s roOm1 所有 ）,Children ' s Day, twen

12、ty minutes ' walk, Guangzhou ' s building.B）當(dāng)表示兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)人共同所有的人或物時(shí)，只在最后一個(gè)人或物后加出C） of所有格（名詞+ of+名詞）：常用來(lái)表示無(wú)生命的名詞所有關(guān)系。如：The windows of the house the photo of the family a plan of JimD）有些名詞如診所、家、店鋪所有格后加后，可以省去名詞。如：The doctor ' s醫(yī)生診所) at White(在，Ps特先生家)the book- seller '(書(shū)店)-、單項(xiàng)選擇。)1. Septembe

13、r 10 is Day.D. the teacherA. Teacher ' s B. Teachers ' C. the teachers)2. Every morning he takes a to his office.A. 20 minutes walk B. 20- minute' s walkC. 20 minutes ' wal D. 20-minute walk)3. There is only one doctor and three nurses here.A. man; woman B. man; women C. men; woman D

14、. men; women )4. How many are there in those?A. tomatos; photos B. tomatoes; photos C. tomatoes; photo D. tomato; photos ()5. Have you seen at the foot of the hill?A. any sheep B. some sheeps C. any sheeps D. some sheep ()6. I am thirsty. Would you bring me, please?A. some bread B. some water C. som

15、e cakes D. some eggs ()7. If these are too big, buy a smaller pair.A. trouser B. trousers C. trouseresD. trouserses)8. This pair of shoesmuch.A. costB. costsC. costesD. costedD. isA. an B. a C. the()9. The news for my father.A. were B. are C. be()10. What bad weather today!D. / ()11. My English teac

16、her gave us.A. a advice B. an advice C. some advice D. some advices()12. There is so milk in the glass.A. much B. many C. lot of D. few()13. Mr. King is a friend of.A. Mr. Wang ' s B. Mr. WangsC. the Wan gs D. Mr. Wang）14. He often gives us by e-mail.A. a good informationB. some informationsC. s

17、ome good information D. some good informations）15.work has been done today.A. A great deal ofB. A lot C. Many D. A large number of第二節(jié)冠詞冠詞的定義：冠詞是一種虛詞，用在名詞或名詞詞組的前面，表示名詞是特指或泛指。冠 訶川分為小冠冠訶口叱冠訶兩印憶弋:* 'J不定冠詞的用法1、不定冠詞a, an的用法：A）冠詞a和an都用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前，表示某一類(lèi)人或事物中的一個(gè)，或第一次提 到的人或事，如：-FLi Ping has an apple in her

18、hand.李平手里拿著一個(gè)蘋(píng)果。There are twelve months in a year. 一年有十二個(gè)月。B）冠詞用a在以輔音開(kāi)始的名詞或名，詞組之前，而冠詞an則用在以元音開(kāi)始的名詞或名詞詞組之前，如： a photo, a king, an example, an English class.注意：上面講的冠詞 an在以元音開(kāi)始的名詞或名詞詞組之前，指的是元音”而不是元音字母”，因此以元音字母 u開(kāi)始的名詞之前只能用a而不用an （字母u的發(fā)音是/ju:/,它的第一個(gè)音素/j/是輔音而不是元音）。有些詞雖然不是以元音字母開(kāi)始，但如果它的第一個(gè)音是 元音音素則用不定冠詞an,關(guān)鍵

19、是以發(fā)音為準(zhǔn)。如： a university, an hour 等。49/48C ） 一些固定搭配必須帶不定冠詞a,如:have a walk 散步have a meeting 開(kāi)會(huì)have a look 看一下have arest休息一下 have a talk 談心have a party舉行晚會(huì)a lot of 許多a piece of 片的a pair of 雙的havea bottle of 一瓶的 a cup of 一茶杯的a glass of 一水杯的 a box of 一箱的a fever 發(fā)燒 have a headache 頭疼have a good time 過(guò)得快活定冠

20、詞的用法定冠詞the有this, that, these, those等意義，用于單數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。主要用來(lái)特 指。使一個(gè)或幾個(gè)事物區(qū)別于所有其他同名的事物。1 .定冠詞特指某（些）人或某（些）事物，以區(qū)別于同類(lèi)中其他的人或事物。Is this the book you are looking for?這是你要找的書(shū)嗎 ？2 .定冠詞用來(lái)指上文中已提到過(guò)的人或事物。I saw a film yesterday. The film was ended at eight o' clock.我昨天看了一場(chǎng)電影。電影八點(diǎn)鐘結(jié)束的。3 .定冠詞用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物或用于自然界現(xiàn)象或方

21、位名詞之前。the sun/ the moon/ the earth/ the sky/ the world/ the winter night the sun is bigger than the moon. 太陽(yáng)比月亮大。4 .定冠詞與單數(shù)名詞連用，表示毫米一類(lèi)人或物。The dog is not too dangerous.狗不太危險(xiǎn)。5 .定冠詞與某些形容詞連用，使形容詞名詞化，表示某一類(lèi)人。the rich 富人the poor 窮人the young 年輕人the sick 病人the new新和事物the true真的東西the right 正確的東西the beautiful美

22、的東西6 .用在序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級(jí)的表示方位的名詞前。This is the most interesting book on my hand.這是我手中最有趣的本書(shū)。7 .定冠詞用在演奏樂(lè)器的名稱(chēng)的文藝活動(dòng)，運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)所的名稱(chēng)前。The are going to the cinema tonight.他們今晚要去影院看電影。8 .定冠詞用在江河，海洋，山脈，群島的名稱(chēng)之前。The Changjiang River is the biggest one in China.長(zhǎng)江是中國(guó)最大的河。9 .定冠詞用有姓名復(fù)數(shù)之前，表示一家人。The Greens are very kind to us.格

23、林一家人待我們很好。不定冠詞（零冠詞）的場(chǎng)合1 .在交通工具、學(xué)科名稱(chēng)的名詞前不加冠詞，如：By plane by boat Chinese American history2 .在節(jié)日、假日、星期、月份、季節(jié)等名詞前不加冠詞，如：National Day Monday spring October3 .在一日三餐、體育類(lèi)等名詞前不加冠詞，如：He prefers milk and egg for breakfast.他寧可早餐吃雞蛋，喝牛奶。I cooked some noodles for supper.我晚餐煮了一些面條。一、單項(xiàng)選擇。)1. Is Canada English spea

24、king country?A. aBanC. theD./)2. Canada isEnglish speaking country?A. aBanC. theD./)3. I can see a little white sheep in the field._ sheep is NancyA. AB.TheC. AnD. /)4. That isuseful book.A. aBanC. theD./()5. There is<< _ "sin the wordbus .A. aBanC. theD./()6. My brother is _ driver.A. aB

25、.anC. theD/s.()7.elephant is much heavier than a horse.A. A B. AnC. TheD. /()8. When he was in trouble yesterday,young man gave him a hand.A. aB. anC. theD. /()9. He ran at two kilometers hour.A. aB. anC. theD. /()10. The boy on bike is Jim.A. aB. anC. theD. /()11. The Yellow River is second longest

26、 river in China.A. aB. anC. theD. /()12.moon goes round earth, and earth goes round sun.A. A; a; a; a B. An; an; an; an C. The; the; the; the D. /;/;/; /()13. There is egg on the plate.egg is for you.A. a; AB. an; AnC. an; TheC. an; An()14. One morning he found a bag. There was"s" on the c

27、orner of bag.A. a; aB. a; theC. an; aD. an; the)15. People often go swimming in summer.A. /B. aC. anD. the)16.-Is there map of China on the wall?-Yes, there is.A. a B. anC. theD. /)17.Have you had lunch yet.No, not yet.A. /B. aC. theD. an)18.apple on the table is Wei Fang' s.A. An B. AC. /D. The

28、)19. What can you see by the lake? I can see old man sitting on the chair.A. a B. anC. theD. /)20.September is Teachersy. DaA. The ten B. The tenth C. The ten' s D. Ten第三節(jié)代詞代詞的分類(lèi)名詞的表示人，事物和抽象概念的詞類(lèi)。根楣名詞表達(dá)的意義和用法，常見(jiàn)名詞可做以下分類(lèi)：名稱(chēng)單詞人稱(chēng)你詞主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they賓格Me, you, him, her, it, us, you

29、, them物主代詞形容詞性單數(shù)：My, your, his, her, its復(fù)數(shù)：our, your, their名詞性單數(shù)： Mine, yours, his, hers, its, 復(fù)數(shù)： Ours, yours, theirs.反身代詞單數(shù)： myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself 復(fù)數(shù)：ourselves, yourselves, themselves指示代詞this, that, these, those, such疑問(wèn)代詞Who, whom, whose, which, what不定代詞Some, something, somebo

30、dy, someone, any, anything, no, no one, every, everything, each, much, many, little, other, another, all, none, one, both, either, neither.關(guān)系代詞Who, whom, whose, which, that. As相互代詞Each other, one another連接代詞What, which, who, that下面是部分代詞的用法：1 . Few, little; a few, a little 的用法：Few和little表示沒(méi)有多少，含否定意義；

31、 a few和a little表示有一些，有幾個(gè)，含肯定意 義。另外，F(xiàn)ew和a few修飾可數(shù)名詞；little和a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞。他們?cè)诰渲谐Ｗ鞫?語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。如：He knows a little English.（ 定語(yǔ)）Few of them could speak English.（ 主語(yǔ)）I know little about Japanese.（ 賓語(yǔ)）2 . other 和 another 的用法Other泛指 男外的“作定語(yǔ)，常與復(fù)數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞連用；但如果前面有the, this ,that, some, any, each, every, no

32、, none, one, or以及形容詞性物主代詞時(shí)，則可與單數(shù)名詞連用。例如：Other boys, all other beauty, no other way, the other one any other plant, every other day, some other reason 等。Others是other的復(fù)數(shù)形式泛之 別的人或物”（但不是全部）。例如：Some are carry water, other are watering the trees.The other指 兩者中的另一個(gè)",常與one連用，作定語(yǔ)修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，表示另一方中的 全部其全余的&q

33、uot;。例如：He held a bow in one hand and his notes in the other.The others是the other的復(fù)數(shù)形式，特指 全部其余的人或物”。例如：I have got ten pencils. Two of them are red, the others are blue 。Another指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上中的任何一個(gè)： 再一”別一個(gè)"；作代詞或形容詞。例如：I have finished this novel, please give me another.One- the other 指兩個(gè)人或物構(gòu)成的一組中的個(gè)體；on

34、eanother指同一組內(nèi)的兩個(gè)個(gè)體。例如：Here are two books. One is for Mary, the other is for Jack.One person may like to spend his holiday at the seashore, while, another may prefer the mountains.1 . all和both的用法這兩個(gè)詞都表示整體，但both指兩個(gè)人或物，而 all指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物；要句中都可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。例如：All of us should work hard.（主語(yǔ)）We both li

35、ke to go.（ 同位語(yǔ)）We like both of the books.（ 賓語(yǔ)）That is all for today.（ 表語(yǔ)）1 . All表示不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。2. Both和all加否定是部分否定，如果要表示全部否定，分別用 neither和none。例如:Both of us are not teachers.我們倆不都是老師。（部分否定）Neither of us is a teacher.我們倆都不是老師。（全部否定）2 . neither 和 either 的用法neither表示兩者都不；either表示兩者中的任何一個(gè)；兩個(gè)詞都表示單數(shù)，在句中

36、可作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。如： Neither of the answers is wrong.（主語(yǔ)）Either sentence is right.（ 定語(yǔ)）You may take either of the books.（ 賓語(yǔ)）3 . It的主要用法指未明身份的人或物）What is this? It is a harvester.（ 剛提到的事物）Who is making the noise? It must be the children.（It will be lovely in the park today.（環(huán)境情況等，天氣等自然現(xiàn)象 ）It is 6 o ' cl

37、ocks,季節(jié)）It is about five miles to the Summer Place.（ 品巨離）It is foolish of you to be still worrying about it.（形式主語(yǔ)）It is no use crying over spilt milk.He found it difficult to learn English.（形式主語(yǔ)）He made it clear in his speech that he took no interest in politics.It ' s though struggle that we le

38、arn this truth.（ 強(qiáng)調(diào)句）It was the World trade Towers that the terrorists attacked on Sept.11 th, 2001.強(qiáng)調(diào)句的構(gòu)成：It is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（或人或物，或主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)）+who/that +其它部分。一、單項(xiàng)選擇。）1. She has lost pen. Will you lend her.A. her; you B. hers; your C. her; yours D. hers; yours（）2. Is this car for?A. we B. my C. meD. mine

39、（）3. Who teaches French?A. we B. our C. usD. ours（）4. I saw playing in the street at that time.A. them B. they C. their D. theirs（）5. Mike lost new watch while he was playing football at achool.A. hisB. heC. himD. himself()6.book is new and is new, too.A. Our; he B. Ours; hisC. My; his D. My; her()7

40、. They are going to see a teacher of.A. them B. theirC. theirsD. themselves()8. This room is ours, and that one is.A. they B. them C. theirsD. their()9. I like this kind of color TV, so I want to buy.A. itB. one C. this D. that()10. Two friends of would go to help you.A. I B. me C. mine D. my)11. Th

41、ere isn ' t paper in the box. Will you go and get for us?A. some; much B. any; many C. any; much D. any; some)12. There are thirty students in the class. Some are girls,are boys.A. another B. otherC. othersD. the other)13.-Have you any Mends( 改進(jìn))here in Guangdong?-Yes, I have.A. little B. a litt

42、le C. few D. a few)14.of them knew about the accident because it was kept a secret.A. Each B. Any C. AllD. None)15. We have found difficult to learn Japanese.A. it B. its C. thatD. this二、在空格處填上適當(dāng)?shù)姆瓷泶~。1. I ' m learning English all by.2. Help to some chicken, children.3. Mary and Jack all enjoyed

43、 in the park last Sunday.4. He is too young to take care of.5. Miss Li said to us,“The work is hard, but you must finish it.6. My little sister can dress now.7. The story is very interesting, but Li Lei didn' t tell it well.8. We can ' t repair the radio.第四節(jié)數(shù)詞數(shù)詞的分類(lèi)名稱(chēng)例詞基數(shù)詞Eight, nine, ninetee

44、n, four thousand, a million序數(shù)詞Eighth, ninth, nineteenth, four thousandth, a millionth特殊數(shù)詞類(lèi)分?jǐn)?shù)2/3 two thirds百分?jǐn)?shù)6% six percent小數(shù)0.5 zero point five1 .基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞相當(dāng)于名詞，在句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。如：Three of them will play basketball.他們中三個(gè)人要去打籃球。1 am eighteen this year. 今年我 18 歲了。2 .序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞除了幾個(gè)特殊形式外，其余的在基數(shù)詞后加后綴 -th構(gòu)成，也可

45、作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。如：He was the second to leave.他是第二個(gè)離開(kāi)的。October the first is National Day. 10 月 1 號(hào)是國(guó)慶節(jié)。順口溜： .二三”特殊記，-th'從四"加起，怎么加？很容易，八去 ""九去飛” “鍬把 “vet,"ty改為tie,若是遇到 幾十幾：只變個(gè)位就可以。數(shù)詞的用法1 .可以表示年、月、日。在表示年、月、日時(shí)， 年”用基數(shù)詞，自”用序數(shù)詞。如：2007-6-8 : June 24, 2007 或 June eighth, 20072 .數(shù)詞可以表示時(shí)刻

46、。如：Six o ' clock 儆整 a quarter past six 6 點(diǎn)一刻 a quarter to six 6 點(diǎn)差一刻3 .基數(shù)詞hundred, thousand和million前面有數(shù)字時(shí)所表示的是實(shí)數(shù)意義，詞尾不得加S。反之可加S。如：Three hundred people 三百人 Hundreds of people 數(shù)以百計(jì)的人Two thousand people 兩千人 Thousands of people 成千上萬(wàn)的人4 .分?jǐn)?shù)的表示法。如：分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，分子大于一，分母加 S,如：1/6: one-fifth 2/6: two-fi

47、fths5 .倍數(shù)表示法。如：表示三以上的倍數(shù)用 time,表示兩倍時(shí)用twice。如：twinsThree times three is nine.3 乘 3 得 9。This room is twice as that one.這個(gè)房間有那個(gè)房間兩個(gè)大。The earth is 49 time the size of the moon.地球有 49 個(gè)月球那么大。6 .幾個(gè)與數(shù)目有關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)。如：Half 一半several , a few 幾個(gè)A dozen 打some dozen十幾A score 二十dozens 幾十Several hundred 幾百一、單詞拼寫(xiě)。1. Rose h

48、as（ 三只 ）dogs.2. There are（ 十五個(gè) ）windows in that buildings.3. The fish cost about（H' ） yuan.4. We are going to study（ 第九）lesson tomorrow.5. Lesson（ 九）is very difficult.6. There are（ 四十三 ）classes in our school.7. We have learned（六百五十四 ）English words.8. Who is the girl in the（ 第二 ）row.9. There are（

49、成千上萬(wàn) ）of people in the street.10. He bought（ 二百）stamps last week.二、單項(xiàng)選擇。（）1. Hun Mei and Lucy are good friends. They are in.A. Class Three B. Three Class B. Class Third D. Third class（）2.How far is it, please? It ' s about away.A. hundred of metresB. a hundred of metresC. hundreds of metresD. hu

50、ndreds of metre()3. Peter often gets up at.A. half past sixB. half past fiveC. a quarter to six D. a quarter to five()4. Sam said we would meet at in front of the museum.A. one thirty B. half an hour C. one and thirty D. one past half()5.of the students are girls in our class.A. Two three B. Two thr

51、ees C. Two thirds D. Second three()6. About of the workers in the clothes factory are women.A. third fifths B. third fifth C. three fifths D. three fifth()7. He ' s been a soldier for nearly.A. half and two yearsB. two and half yearC. two years and a halfD. two years and half a year)8. The build

52、ing is more than high.A. 20-metre B. 20-metres C. 20 metres D. 20 metre)9. In Marx began to learn Russian.A. 1870 B. 1870s C. the year of 1870 D. the 1870's)10. When Mr. Lin was, he became a famous writer.A. on his thirtiesB. in his thirtiesC. in the twentyD. in his twenty第五節(jié)介詞介詞是虛詞，不能單獨(dú)做句子的成分，其

53、后面一般有名詞、代詞(賓格)或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類(lèi)、短語(yǔ)做它的賓語(yǔ)。介詞與動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞常有比較固定的搭配。一、介詞的種類(lèi)1. 簡(jiǎn)單介詞： at, in, off, on, about, under, of, over, past, after, before2. 合成介詞：into, inside, onto, without, outside3. 短語(yǔ)介詞： according to, because of, in front of, out of, instead of二、下面是部份常用介詞的用法：表示時(shí)間時(shí)：at強(qiáng)調(diào) 熏鐘”，on雖調(diào) 日"和 某日的早、中、晚 ：in強(qiáng)調(diào)

54、 段”，與表示月份、季節(jié)、年等詞連用。例： He left home on a cold winter evening.We came to Guangzhou in July, 1992.She got up a t six o ' clock this morning.表示在一段時(shí)間之后時(shí)，“in+寸間段”用于將來(lái)時(shí)，“after+寸間段”用于過(guò)去時(shí)。例: He will be back in two weeks.She went shopping after his supper.Rl示 直到”或表示"才'時(shí)，用"till（until）+寸間點(diǎn)”。No

55、t until是直到才”。例： He didn ' t go to bed until he finished his homework. “Du研時(shí)間段”是表示 在期間"，而“by+寸間點(diǎn)”表示 到為止”，在之前”例： My daughter wants him to give her some work to do during the holiday.表示 延緩的一段時(shí)間”,用for+時(shí)間段，表示將來(lái)時(shí)間，而 since+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。例：He has been in Guangzhou in 1995.表地點(diǎn)時(shí)，at表示在范圍較小的地方：強(qiáng)調(diào)點(diǎn)”；in表示范圍較大的地方：強(qiáng)調(diào)空間”或 范圍”。例： When did your father arrive in China?He got to Shenzh