專業(yè)英語課后習題答案(共9頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上Lesson2Exercises1. Put the following into Chinese.（1）Ohms law states that the voltage across a resistor is directly proportional to the current flowing through the resistor. The constant of proportionality is the resistance value of the resistor in ohms.流過電路里電阻的電流，與加在電阻兩端的電壓成正比，與電阻的阻值成反

2、比。這就是歐姆定律。（2）Many materials, however, closely approximate an ideal linear resistor over a desired operating region.不過，許多材料在規(guī)定的工作范圍內非常接近理想線性電阻。（3）It should be noted that an ideal voltage source (dependent or independent ) will produce any current required to ensure that the terminal voltage is as sta

3、ted, whereas an ideal current source will produce the necessary voltage to ensure the stated current flow.應該注意：一個理想電壓源（獨立或受控）可向電路提供任意電流以保證其端電壓為規(guī)定值，而電流源可向電路提供任意電壓以保證其規(guī)定電流。（4）A different class of relationship occurs because of the restriction that some specific type of network element places on the va

4、riables. Still another class of relationship is one between several variable of the same type which occurs as the result of the network configuration, i. e., the manner in which the various element of the network are interconnected.一種不同類型的關系是由于網絡元件的某種特定類型的連接對變量的約束。另一類關系由于網絡結構，即網絡的不同元件互相連接的方式所產生的相同形式

5、的一些變量間的關系。（5）The thermal conductivity of metals is as much as several hundred times that of glass.金屬的導熱率比玻璃高幾百倍。（6）Magnetic line of force will，whenever passible, travel through iron or other magnetic materials.磁力線只要有可能就會通過鐵或其它磁性材料。（7）Actually, 0 o C is indeed the lower limit to temperatures capable

6、of being attained.事實上絕對零度確是所能達到的溫度的最低限度。2. Translate the following into English.（1）電路元件吸收或釋放的功率為元件兩端的電壓與流過該元件電流的乘積。The power absorbed or supplied by a circuit element is the product of the voltage across the element and the current through it.（2）理想獨立電源是一個有源元件，它所提供的電壓或電流不依賴于電路中其他變量。An ideal independe

7、nt source is an active element that provides a specified voltage or current that is completely independent of other circuit variables.（3）受控電源是一個有源元件，它所提供的電壓或電流受電路中某部分電壓或電流控制。 An ideal dependent (or controlled) source is an active element in which the source quantity is controlled by another voltage

8、or current.（4）疊加定理為：線性電路中，任一電壓或電流都是電路中各個獨立電源單獨作用時，在該處產生的電壓或電流的疊加。The superposition principle states that the voltage across (or current through) an element in a linear circuit is the algebraic sum of the voltages across (or current through) that element due to each independent source acting alone.（5

9、）計算機可分為模擬計算機和數字計算機兩種。Computers may be classfied as analog and digital（6）新型晶體管的開關時間縮短了三分之二。The switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened three times（7）超導體在電氣應用上的重要性不能被估計過高。The importance of superconductor in the uses of electricity cannot be overestimated.Lesson3Exercises1.Put the follow

10、ing into Chinese.（1）A bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is a three-layer silicon (or germanium) device consisting of either two p- and one n-type layers of materials (pnp) or two n- and one p-type layers of materials (npn). 雙極結型晶體管為三層的硅（或鍺）器件，由兩個P型和一個N型材料層（NPN）或者兩個N型和一個P型材料層（PNP）組成。（2）Since the emit

11、ter follower has a high input impedance and a low output impedance, its voltage gain is less than unity and the power gain is normally lower than that obtained from other configurations.由于射極跟隨器的輸入阻抗高且輸出阻抗低，其電壓增益小于1，功率增益通常也比其他結構小。（3）The current in a reverse-biased diode is small (typically 10-8 A for

12、 silicon) and approximately independent of voltage until the breakdown region at high reverse voltages is reached.反向偏置的二極管中電流很?。ü韫艿牡湫椭禐?0-8安），在處于較高的反向電壓的擊穿區(qū)外基本上與電壓無關。（4）Most integrated circuits provide the same functionality as “discrete” semiconductor circuits at higher levels of reliability and at

13、 a fraction of the cost.許多集成電路具有和分立的半導體電路相同的功能，而且可靠性更高，成本更低。（5）Something must be done to prevent the expanding outbreak of bird flu.必須采取措施防止禽流感大流行。（6）The first round of the six-part talks had been colored by acrimony over North Korea's nuclear weapons. 第一輪六方會談彌漫著不協調的氣氛：會上對朝核問題爭論激烈。（7）Two years w

14、orking is a must to the people who want to take up graduated examination. 對于要參加研究生考試的人來說，兩年的工齡事是必備條件。2.Translate the following into English.（1）模擬放大器根據設定的放大倍數對模擬電壓或電流信號進行放大，以推動負載工作。Analog amplifiers can amplify analog voltage or current signals to drive the load according to the preset amplification.

15、（2）放大器的增益就是放大倍數，用于表示放大器對小信號的放大能力。The gain of the amplifier is its amplification that is used to express its capability of amplifying small signals.（3）很多實際應用系統中的放大電路都通過級聯多級放大器來提高放大倍數。Many amplifying circuits in practical application systems chain together a series of amplifier stages to improve their

16、 amplification.（4）模擬電路用于處理在0伏到電源電壓之間任意變化的信號。Analog circuits are used to deal with signals free to vary from zero to full power supply voltage.（5）這位科學家早年為養(yǎng)家糊口曾干過兼職。During the first part of his life, the scientist ever had a part-time job to support his family.（6）你建議用什么辦法防止漏氣? What measures do you pro

17、pose to prevent the leakage of gas.（7）遲早這位司機會斷送性命的，因為他總違反交通規(guī)則。Sooner or later, the driver will get killed, because he is always speeding.Lesson4Exercises1. Put the following into Chinese.（1）Because of their very high open loop gain, OAs are almost exclusively used with some additional circuitry (mos

18、tly with resistors and capacitors), required to ensure a negative feedback loop.由于運算入大器有較高的開環(huán)增益，使用一些輔助電路（主要是電阻和電容），它幾乎專門用以確保負反饋環(huán)的實現。（2）The leads of the new condenser are shortened three times as long as those of the old.新式電容器的引線比老式電容器的引線縮短了三分之一。（3） In a chemical change, energy is not created, nor is

19、 it destroyed.在化學變化過程中，能量既不會無端生有，也不會無端消失。（4） The integrated circuit is so called because all of the circuit elements are bonded together rather than separately wired to each other after being manufactured.集成電路之所以被稱為集成電路，是因為所有電路元件集成在一起而不是分立的，制造以后再用導線連接起來。（5）With radar, we can “see” things at a great

20、distance, and it shows us how far away they are, in which direction they lie, and what movements they are making.有了雷達，我們就能“看到”遠方的物體，雷達還能向我們指明這些物體的距離、方位 運動方式。（6）Electrical contact to the semiconductor regions can be formed by opening new windows on the oxide layer and depositing a thin metal film of

21、high electrical conductivity, such as aluminum(Al).半導體區(qū)域的電接觸可以通過在氧化層中重新開出窗口然后在上面淀積一薄層高電導率的金屬材料如AL來獲得。（7） An operational amplifier is a high-gain electronic amplifier which is controlled by negative feedback to accomplish many functions or “operations” in analog circuits.運算放大器是一個受負反饋控制的高增益的電子放大器，用來在模

22、擬電路中完成許多運算功能。2.Translate the following into English.（1）隨著大規(guī)模集成電路的出現，電子工業(yè)在60年代取得了巨大的進展。1960s saw the great advance in electronics industry with the emergence of the large scale integrated circuits.（2）單片集成電路的快速發(fā)展和廣泛應用得益于平面工藝（planar technology）的優(yōu)越性。The monolithic IC technology owes its rapid growth and

23、 acceptance to the advantage of planar technology.（3）電阻越大，通過導線輸送一定電流所需的電壓就越高。The greater the resistance, the bigger is the voltage needed to send a given current through the wire.（4）如果沒有無線電，人們就不能看到月球的背面了。If there had been no radio, man could not have seen the far side of the moon.（5）我們可以把該函數分成兩段來表示。

24、We may be able to express the function in two sections.（6）電信號用電子的方法放大，即利用輸入放大器的交流電能將信號的功率放大。The electrical signal is amplified electronically, with an increase in signal power occurring at the expense of the input ac power to the amplifier.(7) 運算放大器（縮寫為op amps）是模擬電路的基本組成單元，正如NOR和NAND門電路為數字電路的基本單元一樣。

25、Operational amplifier (op amps, for short)provide basic building blocks for analog circuits in the same way that NOR and NAND gates are basic building blocks for digital circuits.Lesson 5Exercises1. Put the following into Chinese.(1) The feature of the transistor is that a small varying input voltag

26、e may cause a large output voltage to varying like degree or that a small input power may control a large output power.晶體管的特性就是一個小的變化的輸入電壓可以產生一個大的相應變化的輸出電壓，或是一個小的輸入功率可以控制一個大的輸出功率。(2) Yet the range of uses of this electronic device is considered to be merely on the threshold of an almost limitless po

27、tential.然而，這種電子設備的使用范圍被認為僅僅是一個開端，它幾乎具有無限的潛力。 (3) Now that may be a result of experimentation, but we havent been able to prove that.這有可能是實驗的結果，但至今我們還不能證實這一點。（4）Telecommunications means so much in modern life that without it our modern life would be impossible.電信在現代生活中意義重大，沒有它就不可能有我們現在的生活。（5）MOS tran

28、sistors are classified as p-channel or n-channel device, depending on the conductivity type of the channel region. In addition, these devices can also be classified according to their mode of operation as enhancement or depletion type devices.根據溝道區(qū)域的導電類型，MOS晶體管可分成P溝道和N溝道，此外，這些器件還可以根據它們的工作模式分成增強型或耗盡型

29、。（6）In contrast, the bipolar junction transistor requires both hole and electron currents.相反，雙極型結型晶體管既有空穴導電，又有電子導電。（7）The great value of this new material lies in the fact that it can be used in high-tech area.這種新材料的巨大價值在于它能夠用于高技術領域。2.Translate the following into English.（1）在這個工程項目中必須考慮三個因素。Three fa

30、ctors must be taken into consideration in the project.（2）與TTL電路相比，基于CMOS技術的邏輯門具有生產工藝簡單和功耗低的優(yōu)點，但工作速度相對慢一些。Compared with the TTL circuits, logic gates based on the CMOS technology have some merits, such as simple manufacture arts and crafts ,and low power lose, but operate speed is slow correspondingl

31、y.（3）門電路一般又稱邏輯電路，因為它們能夠完成邏輯運算的功能，在實際設計中應用得十分廣泛。Gates circuits is generally called logic circuits, because they can perform logic operation function, its application is extensive in actual design.（4）把一個P溝道型的器件和一個PNP結型晶體管的工作原理比較一下是有益的。It is informative to compare the basic operation of a p-channel dev

32、ice with that of a PNP junction transistor.（5）晶體管的快速發(fā)展的關鍵是使用了硅代替導線作為基本的導電材料。The key to the transistors rapid development was the use of silicon instead of wire as the basic conductive material.（6）你熟悉這種類型的晶體管放大器的性能嗎？Are you familiar with the performance of this type of transistor amplifier?（7）此結果與理論推

33、導的結果完全一致。The results are in good agreement with those obtained by theoretical deduction.Lesson 6Exercise 1. Put the following into Chinese. (1) Integers are normally written using a positional number system, where each digit represents the coefficient in a power series.整數的書寫通常以位置式計數體制來表示，其中每一位數字代表權位

34、序列中的系數。(2) From this last example, it is clear how to convert from binary to decimal; just evaluate the power series. To do that easily, it is useful to know the powers of 2, rather than compute them each time they are needed.在上一個例子中，我們可以很清楚的看到，將二進制轉換成十進制只需計算權位序列。為了簡化該過程，記住2的各個權位是非常有用的，而不是在每次需要的時候計算

35、它們。(3) When the size of the storage place for a positive binary number is specified, then leading 0s are added so as to obtain the correct number of bits.當指定了一個正二進制數存儲位置的大小時，需要在數字前補夠0的個數，從而得到正確的位數。(4) First, we can subtract from the number the largest power of 2 less than that number and put a 1 in

36、the corresponding position of the binary equivalent. We then repeat that with the remainder. A 0 is put in the position for those of 2 which are larger than the remainder.首先我們可以從該數字中減掉比該數字小的2的最大權位，并在二進制數位中相應的位置上填入1，然后對于余數重復同樣的操作。在2的權位大于余數的情況下，在相應的位置上填入0。(5) The other approach is to divide the decima

37、l number by 2 repeatedly. The remainder each time gives a digit of the binary answer, starting at the least significant bit (a0). The remainder is then discarded and the process is repeated.另一種方法是，將十進制數反復用2除，每次得到的余數，從最低有效位(a0)開始，給出了二進制中相應的位，然后丟棄余數并重復該過程。（6）The task would be unnecessary because anyon

38、e who read the circuit diagram would in their mind group the components together into standard circuits and think in terms of the “system” functions of the individual gates.這個工作是不必要的，因為任何閱讀電路圖的人在心里總會將元件組合成標準電路并且從每個門電路的“系統”功能角度來考慮問題。（7）That is, it is desirable to broaden the range of values in the re

39、gions for 1 and 0 to allow for variations in transistors, power supply voltage, noise that might get mixed in with the signals, and the like.也就是希望擴展區(qū)域1和0的有效范圍，以允許晶體管和電源電壓的變化以及混雜在信號中的噪聲等因素的影響。2.Translate the following into English.(1) 在二進制中，數字通常以“位” 來表示，其中“位”即是二進制數字的縮寫。In binary, the digits are usual

40、ly referred to as bits, a contraction for binary digits.(2) 在計算機中，我們用位表示最小的數據，一組m位二進制數能夠傳遞m位信息。In computer we use bit to represent the minimum data, a sequence of m binary digits can convey m bits of information. (3) 數字系統包括大量的與非門、或非門和非門，還有我們以后要討論的存儲器和定時電路。Digital systems consist of vast numbers of N

41、AND, NOR, AND NOT gates, plus memory and timing circuit which we will discuss later. （4）設計重要部分在于選擇一個獨特的邏輯系列產品，這取決于你的最終產品的種類和工作環(huán)境。An important part of the design would be to select a particular “l(fā)ogic family,” depending on the nature and working environment of your eventual product.（5）通常將表達式D變換為一種更方便

42、的形式可以獲得一個更簡單的實現方法。We may accomplish a simpler realization by manipulating the expression for D into a more convenient form. (6)對S取反的代數表達法是在變量或要取反的表達式上加撇號：S5表示對S取反。The NOT S function is represented algebraically by a prime added to the variable of expression to be NOTed: S5 means NOT S.Lesson 7Exerci

43、ses1. Put the following into Chinese.(1) Feedback control has a long history, which began with the early desire of humans to harness the materials and forces of nature to their advantage.反饋控制有著悠久的歷史，它起源于人類對于自然界物質與自然力量加以利用的愿望。(2) The associated machines, specifically steam engines, involved large amo

44、unts of power, and it was soon realized that this power needed to be controlled in an organized fashion if the systems were to operate safely and efficiently.相關的各種機器，尤其是蒸汽機， 能產生大量的能量。人們很快意識到，要使各個系統安全有效地運行，需要通過有序的方式來控制這種能量。(3) Indeed, the accuracy of centre-line thickness control has improved by two

45、orders of magnitude over the past 50 years, thanks, in part, to enhanced control.事實上，在過去的50年中，中軸線厚度的控制精度已經提高了兩個數量級，這在一定程度上緣于控制水平的提高。(4) Beyond these industrial examples, feedback regulatory mechanisms are central to the operation of biological systems, communication networks, national economies, and

46、 even human interactions.在這些工業(yè)實例之外，反饋調節(jié)機制對于生物系統、通訊網絡、國民經濟甚至人際交流都發(fā)揮著重要作用。(5) Indeed, to carry out control successfully, one needs to combine many disciplines, including modeling, sensor technology, actuators, communications, computing and interfacing.事實上， 要成功地進行控制，需要綜合多個學科的知識，其中包括數學建模、傳感器技術、執(zhí)行器、通信、計算

47、、和接口。(6) The sun is 330,000 times as large as the earth.太陽的大小是地球的三十三萬倍。(7) The sales of industrial electronic products have multiplied six times.工業(yè)電子產品銷售額增加了五倍。 (8) If the moon were only half as far away from the earth as it is，the force of attraction would be 4 times as great如果月球離地球的距離比現在的短一半，則引力將為

48、現在的四倍。2.Translate the following into English.(1) 如果回到瓦特的飛球調速器，我們會發(fā)現，在很多情況下，這些系統會出現自持振蕩現象。If we go back to Watt's fly-ball governor, it was found that, under certain circumstances, these systems could produce self-sustaining oscillations.(2) 二次大戰(zhàn)期間，很多學者的開創(chuàng)性工作使得各種單入單出反饋控制問題的簡單的圖形分析方法產生。The pioneer

49、ing work of many scholars in the period of the Second World War resulted in simple graphical means for analyzing single-input, single-output feedback control problems.(3) 實踐中的控制系統設計需要循環(huán)的努力，即設計者要不斷地在建模、設計、仿真、測試和運行中重復。Control-system design in practice requires cyclic effort, in which one iterates thro

50、ugh modeling, design, simulation, testing, and implementation.(4) 為了自動地控制這樣一個系統，需要將系統與控制器相連接，控制器也具有其物理實現和自身行為特點的問題。To control such a system automatically, one needs to interface the system to a controller, which will also have a physical realization and behavior.(5) 新設備的誤差概率將降低七分之六。The new equipment

51、 will reduce the error probability by seven times.(6) 煤產量比1983年增長了兩倍。The output of coal has been increased three times as against 1983(7) 那位警察要了比平常多一倍的罰款。The policeman charged double the usual fine.(8) 參加體育活動的學生已增加到10，000。The students who take part in physical activities have increased to 10,000.Les

52、son 81. Put the following into Chinese.(1) The transfer function is valid only for linear time-invariant systems, whereas the state equations can be applied to linear as well as nonlinear systems. 傳遞函數只適用于線性時不變系統；而狀態(tài)方程既能應用于線性系統，又能應用于非線性系統。(2) The classical way of writing equations of electric networ

53、ks is based on the loop method or the node method, which are formulated from the two laws of Kirchhoff. 電氣網絡方程的經典書寫方法是以回路法或節(jié)點法為基礎的，這兩種方法可以用基爾霍夫的兩條定律來描述。(3) In fact, we can show that given an electrical device, there is usually an analogous mechanical counterpart mathematically, and vice versa. 事實上，我們可以看到，如果給定了一個電氣設備，在數學關系上通常存在一個對應的相似的機械裝置，反之亦然。(4) The equ