多維教程探索研究生英語(yǔ)課后習(xí)題答案答案

1、Unit OneAnswer KeyComprehensionA1. D2. It contrasts the attitudes of the French and the English-speaking people toward keeping their mother tongue "pure."3. The author does not appreciate the French attitude. He believes that they have gone to the extreme, because he says that 'the min

2、d boggles at what the world might face. "That means the French are so sensitive that it is difficult to imagine what they will do to keep French pure in the future.4. B5. It refers to the differences between British and American English with regard to pronunciation and spelling of English. The

3、author seems to agree with the Americans' viewpoint.6. C7. The King's English refers to English in its most proper and formal use. However, as it is used in foreign places, it is often used improperly. Here "lingo" mocks the formality of English that no longer exists in these forei

4、gn Usages8. Foreign varieties of English are very different from the original standard British English, sometimes they are barely recognizable.9. B10. The author thinks that communication is more important than the purification of the English language.B1. fast delivery (of the product)/rapid killing

5、 (of the customer)2. Please hang your own coat and hat here/die by hanging yourself3. "revolutionary" ideas are being sold/disgusting new ideas are being sold4. best bakers/idle, lazy persons5. the latest rnethod/a Christian denomination6. a doctor for women's diseases/regard women as

6、a disease or womanizer (vulgar meaning)7. press the button of the lift to move it/inefficiency of the lift8. how to get service/open the door and call out the words “Room service”. (rude)9. in an European atmosphere/a car that rushes a person to the hospital10. serve the best wine/our wine is very b

7、ad; hopeless11. from 12 14 o'clock chamber maids are not busy/treat chambermaids unfairly (with possible sexual meaning)12. the pictures were painted in the last ten years/the painters were put to death13. leave your laundry/be naked or take off your clothes14. dancing is going on/very vulgar la

8、nguage (a reference to male sex organs)15. moral requirement for who can share the same room/implies that men and women must marry in order to live togetherVocabulary and StructureA 1-b 2-d 3-f 4j 5I 6-hB1. sensitive 2. list 3. prevalent4. deficiency 5. withheld 6. certainty7. functional 8. confront

9、e 9. courtesy10. spared 11. stroke 12. ambitious13. purified 14. highlights 15. noveltyC1. A. sensitive B. sense C. sensitivity2. A. compulsory B. compulsion C. compulsory3. A. Lease B. lease C. leasing4. A. deviate B. deviantly C. deviation5. A. prevalence B. prevalent C. prevalent6. A. deficient B

10、. deficiency C.deficient7. A. extracts B. extracting C. extracted8. A, confronted B. confrontation C. confronted9. A, spare B. spare C. spare10. A. stroke B. stroking C. strokeD1. C. make alternative 2. B. of taking advantage3. C. of a head injury 4. D. remains5. A. accepted 6. A. as much energy as7

11、. C. would end up 8. C. has been9. B. or 10. D. with whichE1. language 2. associates 3. in-laws 4. total5. responds 6. swell 7. Hardly 8. lives9. dreams 10. aloud 11. ourselves 12. so13. distinguishes 14. humanity 15. makes 16. expressed17. source 18. newborn 19. act 20. traditionSpeaking(Open)Trans

12、lation and Writing在過(guò)去，當(dāng)探險(xiǎn)者或商人們走出家園到外面的世界去尋找新的領(lǐng)地、市場(chǎng)或原材料資源時(shí)，他們通常與跟他們打交道的當(dāng)?shù)厝苏f(shuō)的不是同一種語(yǔ)言。遇到這種情況時(shí)，他們一般采取以下三種方法之一來(lái)對(duì)付，呂口：(1)外來(lái)人學(xué)習(xí)說(shuō)當(dāng)?shù)刂魅说恼Z(yǔ)言(或反之)，(2)他們使用當(dāng)?shù)刈鳛橘Q(mào)易用的第三種語(yǔ)言，或(3)產(chǎn)生一種新的語(yǔ)言這種語(yǔ)言是由使用者的不同母語(yǔ)的一些成分合成的。在說(shuō)不同語(yǔ)言的人群中用來(lái)作為他們共同的交際工具的語(yǔ)言叫混合語(yǔ)(交際語(yǔ))。這個(gè)名稱是由在地中海地區(qū)使用的中世紀(jì)時(shí)的貿(mào)易語(yǔ)言派生而來(lái)的。這種貿(mào)易語(yǔ)言主要基于日耳曼語(yǔ)(意大利語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)和西班牙語(yǔ))，但也包括了一些希臘語(yǔ)、阿拉伯語(yǔ)

13、和土耳其語(yǔ)的成分。在當(dāng)今世界，將英語(yǔ)稱為最主要的交際語(yǔ)是合適的，因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)是大部分說(shuō)不同語(yǔ)言的人的交際工具。B1. One theory refers to the sensitivity to the target language as being one of the most important factors in language learning.2. In order to help students in their study of English, the library has decided to lease English films in the original

14、to them.3. On weekends, if one shop puts up discount notices, other shops, big or small, will come up with it by putting up more discount notices.4. When ungrammatical expressions of a language become prevalent in socie they will gradually be by the public.5. The closing of the company was not cause

15、d by a shortage of capital but by management deficiency.6. Advertisements usually highlight the product or service they advertise to attract customers.7. It is argued that we should withhold the speed of language change; otherwise we may have to learn a new language every twenty years.8. I feel grat

16、itude to him because every time I encountered difficulties in my study he would help me.9. It will take great pains to improve/change the financial situation of the factory.10.Those who advocate the purity of a language protect the language for the sake of their culture.Reading Practice1.F 2.T 3. F

17、4.T5.T 6.F 7. F 8.TUnit TwoAnswer KeyComprehensionA1. i People have different opinions about lies but they don't differ much in defining what truth is. ii Lying is usually regarded as evil but in reality many people lie. This is worthy of our attention.2. i Lies are intentionally told untruths/a

18、n unintentionally told untruth is not a lie. ii Almost everyone lies.3. i All lies are evil and harmful so they should be avoided. ii Many lies are not evil but are necessary and beneficial to society.4. Open.(But according to the writer,) standards regarding when lies are ac- ceptable vary not only

19、 with individuals but aJso with different cultures.5. The statement means that when one grows up, one may have the painful experience of realizing that other people may not hold the same opinion about honesty as one does. This is because the reality often runs counter to what is taught to children.6

20、. 2) those that are told with intention to harm the listener or a third party and to benefit the liar 3) those that don't tell the whole truth (Some information may be left unsaid.) 4) those that are told with no intention of being kept 5) those that are told to deceive oneself7. (Open)8. B9. Be

21、cause it prevents one from realizing one's shortcomings and improving oneself.10. Different cultures may have different standards regarding when lies are acceptable. (e.g. People in some cultures feel it is more important not to hurt others than to tell the truth). It may be hard to change these

22、 culturally based beliefs.B1. People cannot make sound judgement about .because we have not told them the truth. We should try to avoid lying because in a society where lying is common, trust becomes impossible, and without trust, cooperation cannot exist.2. Your parents and your culture may teach y

23、ou that liars will suffer, but in reality you find that they often don't, (This is what one's moral beliefs are compared with.)This realizati&n may make you take a skeptical attitude towards your moral beliefs. "It" refers to "the realization" and "them" ref

24、ers to "moral beliefs." Because they don't appear to be true.3. Many of the lies are told within government circles. For example, a person may lie to the government, or a government official may lie to the public, which falls into the category of"little white lie". Here, the

25、author is critical of the government because he thinks one person's"little white lie"is another person's "dirty lie"4. In the United States, people do not often tell all the truth in their income tax reports, which is considered an unquestionable lie by the government. Be

26、cause people feel the government already takes too much of their earnigns.5. Some advertisers and politicians often make false promises, which ruin the reputation of other advertisers and politicians. It is implied here that some false promises are fairly harmless, but others are taken more seriousl

27、y and can hurt the listener/receiver.6. We have to be realistic about our dreams and ambitions on one hand and deceiving/tricking ourselves on the other. If we are not, we can't recognize the need for change, make the necessary changes, and achieve success.7. The author suggests that ifwe have n

28、ot looked at our faults, we should honestly examine ourselves closely to see what we really are like. Be realistic.8. Ideas about lying vary from culture to culture. One culture may have a high opinion of truth even if it hurts, while another culture may consider that other people's feelings are

29、 more important.Vocabulary and StructureA1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C6. C 7. D 8. D 9. D 10. BB1. going through 2. goes with3. in response to 4. grew up5. be having an affair with/have had an affair with 6. turn a blind eye to7. hold . together 8. watching for9. in comparison 10. draw a line betweenC1.

30、A. what is 2. A. than have3. D. it 4. D. ignored5. C. go 6. D. would he be7. C. objected to 8. C. though9. D. to say something 10. C. to his feetD1. to 2. than 3. expressing 4. always5. relief 6. But 7. persuaded 8. cracked9. accident 10. in turn 11. recalJ 12. the13. times 14. exchanged 15. uncover

31、ed 16. solution17. nor 18. others 19. mind 20. leaveSpeaking(Open)Translation and WritingA 那些常常說(shuō)謊又沒(méi)有充足理由的人被稱為病態(tài)說(shuō)謊者。他們會(huì)對(duì)任何事情說(shuō)謊。他們似乎無(wú)法控制說(shuō)謊的；中動(dòng)。對(duì)這些人的研究表明，他們中很多人小時(shí)候受過(guò)虐待或者來(lái)自有酗酒或有精神病家屬史的家庭；也有不少人在他們生長(zhǎng)的家庭里，真話得不到尊重，沒(méi)有人說(shuō)真話。他們似乎比常人更加強(qiáng)烈地需要得到別人的愛(ài)不口別人的尊重。但事實(shí)上，他們中并非每個(gè)人都無(wú)法控制自己說(shuō)謊的欲望。沒(méi)人能說(shuō)清為什么有些人能克制說(shuō)謊而有些入?yún)s無(wú)法克制說(shuō)謊。病態(tài)的說(shuō)謊

32、者往往沒(méi)有親近的或長(zhǎng)期維持的私人關(guān)系。他們非常謹(jǐn)慎，通常不介紹自己的熟人相互認(rèn)識(shí)以免他們將聽(tīng)到的東西進(jìn)行比較。 * * * * * * * * * * * * 通常，北美國(guó)家的父母告誡他們的孩子說(shuō)謊是壞事，他們不應(yīng)該說(shuō)謊。如果說(shuō)謊，他們應(yīng)該感到內(nèi)疚。在歐美文化中，對(duì)一個(gè)說(shuō)謊孩子的傳統(tǒng)懲罰是用肥皂清洗他的嘴巴。然而通過(guò)他們自己的行為，父母也會(huì)告訴孩子，在某些情況下，大多數(shù)人確實(shí)也會(huì)說(shuō)謊。因此孩子在這種雙重教育下長(zhǎng)大他們偶爾也會(huì)說(shuō)謊，但是他們會(huì)感到內(nèi)疚，并且不想讓別人知道他們已說(shuō)了謊。B1. Different people have different opinions about whethe

33、r lying is always bad and whether it should be avoided.2. The tallest buildings in London are small in comparison with the skyscrapers of New York.3. The point at which people draw the line between an acceptable lie and a bad lie varies from individual to individual and culture to culture.4. Mothers

34、 who spoil their children often turn a blind eye,t-re faults of their children.5. The country needs a leader who will hold the nation togetherwhen violence breaks out.6. A selfish man categorizes all people into two groups, those he likes and those he dislikes.7. She felt offended at my remarks, but

35、 it wasn't my intention to hurt her.8. It is wrong for teachers to stereotype naughty students.9. In some foreign countries, a person who intentionally leaves his job can find it easy to step aside for a while, supported by unemployment insurance and other benefits.10. She has gone through treme

36、ndous pain since her husband died.Reading Practice1.B 2. D 3.A 4. C 5. DUnit ThreeAnswer KeyComprehensionA1. E2. "The numbers" means the relatively small number of people competing for a given job. The author thinks that due to the lower birth rate, there are less workers aVailabLe in the

37、job market and therefore more job opportunities are available to young people today.3. They have a gloomy view of the present world. 1) They have been exposed to murder and other types of violence and some other negative events on TV. 2) Many have been brought up in single-parent families and the em

38、otional upheaval and conflict have had a negative effect on their value and self-worth. 3) Many feel their chances of finding the job and salary they want are bleak4. They will spend more time with their kids and care about them more.5. No. Because they want to save their money so that they can live

39、 better when they do leave.6. The parents' attitude: loyalty and commitment to the workplace slave away and show their dedication to the company The youth's attitude: They don't want to wait around and pay their dues when there is no long-term commitment from the top. There is life after

40、 work. They will often leave a job at the hint of a better position.7. Generation X'ers watched their grandparents slave away only to receive a gold watch and pension upon retirement. Their parents' dedication to the company has been repaid with downsizing and layoffs. They feel there is no

41、such thing as job security. They don't want to commit themselves to their work when there is no long-term commitment from the top. There is more to life than work.8. They will have better family values, get things done quickly, shorten the workweek, and create systems that will allow "intra

42、preneurs."9. No. Because technology will enable people to be more productive. In addition, X'ers' dislike of bureaucracy and a desire to solve problems will quickly improve productivity.10. He intends to tell us about X'ers' potential entrepreneurship.11. D. Because Generation X

43、 has evolved in dramatically different ways from previous generations and may have dramatically different ways to improve society.B1. negative view of the world less loyalty and commitment keep options open stay at home longer eager to get noticed unrealistic and materialistic views gett/ng things d

44、one fast better family values shorter work week greater entrepreneurship2. Becoming successful socially and financially or moving into the upper social echelon.3. It is implied that their thirty years' dedication to their company was not acknowledged and cherished. In fact, they were dismissed w

45、ithout anything.4. Because they were neglected in their families and classrooms.5. Because they would like their world to be filled with good-looking people, dressed in the latest fashions, with lots of money and prestige, and who don't have to work too hard. They desire instant gratification an

46、d expect a whole lot for nothing.6. "McJobs" are poorly-paid entry level jobs which have no power. They are not the kind of iobs X'ers would want.7. Be able to solve the problem themselves without dealing with bureaucracy.8. Because many of them have an independent, individualistic nat

47、ure and Like to be left alone to solve problems.9. It means fostering innovation and being creative.10. If we listen to what Generation X'ers will say, we may understand thern better, and also find they have some very beneficial things to offer.Vocabulary and StructureA1.B 2. C 3.A 4. D 5. B6. D

48、 7. A 8.A 9.D 10. AB1. was referred to as 2. take on 3. waiting around4. piled up 5. jump ship 6. teamed up with7. look upon 8. on their own 9. cleaned out10. slaving awayC1. A. what 2. C. paying for3. D. one 4. A. By5. C. seeks 6. C. impaired7. B. it is 8. C. hardly anything9. A. There is 10. D. it

49、sD1. grew 2. plant 3. see4. inherit 5. debt 6. Among7. likely 8. die 9. increased10. gone I I. top 12. expected13. in 14. face 15. onlySpeaking(Open)Translation and WritingA 這些青年人正在確定個(gè)人與其周?chē)鐣?huì)關(guān)系的新模式。不受上司與長(zhǎng)輩影0向的情況反而使他們更堅(jiān)定地自行其事。他們對(duì)經(jīng)歷了時(shí)間考驗(yàn)的傳統(tǒng)也不在乎。例如，當(dāng)今的青年夫婦拒絕向更注重表面的社會(huì)生活習(xí)俗讓步。在我們那一代，年輕的新娘們?nèi)绻皇羌易∶麉^(qū)，如果他們家的餐

50、具不夠高雅，她們則會(huì)咆嘗其苦。那時(shí)青年人對(duì)于有影響的社會(huì)關(guān)系、部隊(duì)中的官職、有名的俱樂(lè)部成員身份都十分敏感。然而這一代人卻堅(jiān)持希望別人評(píng)價(jià)他們自身的價(jià)值。我常常聽(tīng)說(shuō)他們小心翼翼地隱藏起出身名門(mén)的事實(shí)。他們堅(jiān)持作為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的人被社會(huì)接受，這產(chǎn)生一種空前的坦誠(chéng)。一位女大學(xué)生對(duì)我說(shuō)：“你知道我一直都不夠誠(chéng)實(shí)，我正在試圖改正”。一位退伍土兵在一個(gè)男女混合的場(chǎng)合，當(dāng)著目瞪口呆的雙親面對(duì)大家說(shuō)他在戰(zhàn)后的六個(gè)月里一直是一個(gè)“精神變態(tài)者”。這些言詞說(shuō)明自由的堅(jiān)固性一種屬于自己而不屬于虛偽的社會(huì)習(xí)俗的自由。B1. Unlike the young people today, we had to take on

51、family responsibilities and help our parents with housework when we were teenagers.2. Generation X'ers take work seriously, but they disdain the workaholic, slavetothe-job mentality of their parents and bosses.3. Many young kids today can work with a variety of software programs on their own and

52、 comprehend them quickly.4. They were referred to as the Lost Generation because they were disillusioned and did not know what to do with their new liberties.5. The young people of diverse cultural backgrounds all have in common a love for the same clothing styles, music and entertainment.6. Generat

53、ion X has a strong propensity for fun and enjoyment, and it is a priority for them to have a good time whether they are at work, school or home.7. Most people in China look upon their job as a career and have loyalty and commitment to the workplace.8. Young people desire to upgrade their situation a

54、nd they are always jumping ship at the hint of a better position.9. Being spoiled by their guilt-ridden, seldom-home parents, X'ers are not ready to take over in politics, education and business.10. Young entrepreneurs are encouraged to team up with their colleagues to do the research and create new products at unparalleled rates.Reading Practice1. How to manage X'ers.2. Create conflicts.3. Because this conflicts with their independence and'embarrasses them.4. Because they want very much to be stimulated.5. We s