2018年考研英語一真題和答案完整版

2018考研英語一真題和答案完整版SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext。Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA，B，CorDontheANSWERSHEET。（10points）Trustisatrickybusiness。Ontheonehand，it‘sanecessarycondition1manyworthwhilethings：childcare，friendships，etc。Ontheotherhand，puttingyour2，inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh3。4，whydowetrustatall？Well，becauseitfeelsgood。5peopleplacetheirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution，theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin，ahormonethat6pleasurablefeelingsandtriggerstheherdinginstructthatpromptshumansto7withoneanother。Scientistshavefoundthatexposure8thishormoneputsusinatrusting9：InaSwissstudy，researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects；thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramountsofmoneytostrangersthanweretheir10whoinhaledsomethingelse。11forus，wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythatmay12us。ACanadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscandifferentiate13acrediblepersonandadishonestone。Sixtytoddlerswereeach14toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer。Thetesterwouldask，“What’sinhere？”beforelookingintothecontainer，smiling，andexclaiming，“Wow！”Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook15。Halfofthemfoundatoy；theotherhalf16thecontainerwasempty-andrealizedthetesterhad17them。Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked，themajoritywere18tocooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewskill，demonstratingthattheytrusted1/1hisleadership。19，onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe“20”testerparticipatedinafollow-upactivity。1。[A]on[B]like[C]for[D]from2。[A]faith[B]concern[C]attention[D]interest3。[A]benefit[B]debt[C]hope[D]price4。[A]Therefore[B]Then[C]Instead[D]Again5。[A]Until[B]Unless[C]Although[D]When6。[A]selects[B]produces[C]applies[D]maintains7。[A]consult[B]compete[C]connect[D]compare8。[A]at[B]by[C]of[D]to9。[A]context[B]mood[C]period[D]circle10。[A]counterparts[B]substitutes[C]colleagues[D]supporters11。[A]Funny[B]Lucky[C]Odd[D]Ironic12。[A]monitor[B]protect[C]surprise[D]delight13。[A]between[B]within[C]toward[D]over14。[A]transferred[B]added[C]introduced[D]entrusted15。[A]out[B]back[C]around[D]inside16。[A]discovered[B]proved[C]insisted[D]。remembered1/117。[A]betrayed[B]wronged[C]fooled[D]mocked18。[A]forced[B]willing[C]hesitant[D]entitled19。[A]Incontrast[B]Asaresult[C]Onthewhole[D]Forinstance20。[A]inflexible[B]incapable[C]unreliable[D]unsuitableSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts。AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA，B，CorD。MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET。（40points）Text1Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign：Whathappenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs？Don‘tdismissthatpossibilityentirely。AbouthalfofU.S。jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated，accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy，withthemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed。Lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycaredon’tappealtorobots。Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-trucking，financialadvice，softwareengineering—havearousedtheirinterest，orsoonwill。Therichowntherobots，sotheywillbefine。Thisisn‘ttobealarmist。Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast。TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn’tgosowellfor1/1Ludditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms，butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed。Likewise，automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity，stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices，andfreeworkersfromhard，boringwork。Butinthemediumterm，middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting。Thefirststep，asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinTheSecondMachineAge，shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining。Curriculums—fromgrammarschooltocollege-shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativityandcomplexcommunication。Vocationalschoolsshoulddoabetterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots。Onlineeducationcansupplementthetraditionalkind。Itcouldmakeextratrainingandinstructionaffordable。Professionalstryingtoacquirenewskillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt。ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S。toreviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism：Startingnewcompaniesmustbemadeeasier。Inpreviouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange，entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionbydreamingupwaystocombinelaborandmachines。Thebestusesof3Dprintersandvirtualrealityhaven‘tbeeninventedyet。TheU.S。needsthenewcompaniesthatwillinventthem。Finally，becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetweencapitalincomeandlaborincome，taxesandthesafetynetwillhavetoberethought。Taxesonlow-wagelaborneedtobecut，andwagesubsidiessuchastheearnedincometaxcreditshouldbeexpanded：Thiswouldboostincomes，encouragework，rewardcompaniesforjobcreation，andreduceinequality。Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloverthenextfewyears，yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareersupendedby1/1automation。Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomingforourjobswouldbenuts。Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable。21.Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation？[A]Leadingpoliticians。[B]Low-wagelaborers。[C]Robotowners。[D]Middle-classworkers。22。Whichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheauthor’sview？[A]Worriesaboutautomationareinfactgroundless。[B]Optimists‘opinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport。[C]Issuesarisingfromautomationneedtobetackled[D]Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided23.Educationintheageofautomationshouldputmoreemphasison[A]creativepotential。[B]job-huntingskills。[C]individualneeds。[D]cooperativespirit。24.Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimedat1/1[A]encouragingthedevelopmentofautomation。[B]increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestment。[C]easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoor。[D]preventingtheincomegapfromwidening。25.Inthistext，theauthorpresentsaproblemwith[A]opposingviewsonit。[B]possiblesolutionstoit。[C]itsalarmingimpacts。[D]itsmajorvariations。Text2AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump’suseofTwitter。TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource，Notapresident’ssocialmediaplatform。MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines。Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia，peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills。Suchatrendisbadlyneeded。Duringthe2016presidentialcampaign，nearlyaquarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews，accordingtotheUniversityofOxford。AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant。1/1Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace。AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust”toverifystories。Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias。“Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposingviewpoints，”thesurveyconcluded。Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect。A2014surveyconductedinAustralia，Britain，andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople’srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement。Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests。Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation。AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror，”moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting。Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin“misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews”viasocialmedia。Inotherwords，thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue?！癟hisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem，”saysRoxanneStone，editorinchiefatBarnaGroup。Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident，theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills–andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia。26。AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2，manyyoungAmericanscastdoubtson1/1[A]thejustificationofthenews-filteringpractice。[B]people’spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms。[C]theadministrationsabilitytohandleinformation。[D]socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews。27。Thephrase“beerup”（Line2，Para。2）isclosestinmeaningto[A]sharpen[B]define[C]boast[D]share28。Accordingtotheknightfoundationsurvey，youngpeople[A]tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspace。[B]verifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresources。[C]havesstrongsenseofresponsibility。[D]liketoexchangeviewson“distributedtrust”29。TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblemis[A]readersoutdatedvalues。[B]journalists’biasedreporting[C]readers’misinterpretation1/1[D]journalists’made-upstories。30。Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext？[A]ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnline[B]ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweetingTrend[C]TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMedia。[D]ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalInterests。Text3Anyfair-mindedassessmentofthedangersofthedealbetweenBritain‘sNationalHealthService（NHS）andDeepMindmuststartbyacknowledgingthatbothsidesmeanwell。DeepMindisoneoftheleadingartificialintelligence（AI）companiesintheworld。Thepotentialofthisworkappliedtohealthcareisverygreat，butitcouldalsoleadtofurtherconcentrationofpowerinthetechgiants。ItIsagainstthatbackgroundthattheinformationcommissioner，ElizabethDenham，hasissuedherdamningverdictagainsttheRoyalFreehospitaltrustundertheNHS，whichhandedovertoDeepMindtherecordsof1.6millionpatientsIn2015onthebasisofavagueagreementwhichtookfartoolittleaccountofthepatients’rightsandtheirexpectationsofprivacy。DeepMindhasalmostapologized。TheNHStrusthasmendeditsways。Furtherarrangements-andtheremaybemany-betweentheNHSandDeepMindwillbecarefullyscrutinisedtoensurethatallnecessarypermissionshavebeenaskedofpatientsandallunnecessarydatahasbeencleaned。Therearelessonsaboutinformedpatientconsenttolearn。Butprivacyisnottheonlyangleinthiscaseandnoteventhemostimportant。MsDenhamchosetoconcentratetheblameontheNHStrust，sinceunderexistinglawit“controlled”thedataandDeepMindmerely1/1“processed“it。Butthisdistinctionmissesthepointthatitisprocessingandaggregation，notthemerepossessionofbits，thatgivesthedatavalue。Thegreatquestioniswhoshouldbenefitfromtheanalysisofallthedatathatourlivesnowgenerate。Privacylawbuildsontheconceptofdamagetoanindividualfromidentifiableknowledgeaboutthem。Thatmissesthewaythesurveillanceeconomyworks。Thedataofanindividualtheregainsitsvalueonlywhenitiscomparedwiththedataofcountlessmillionsmore。Theuseofprivacylawtocurbthetechgiantsinthisinstancefeelsslightlymaladapted。Thispracticedoesnotaddresstherealworry。ItisnotenoughtosaythatthealgorithmsDeepMinddevelopswillbenefitpatientsandsavelives。Whatmattersisthattheywillbelongtoaprivatemonopolywhichdevelopedthemusingpublicresources。Ifsoftwarepromisestosavelivesonthescalethatdugsnowcan，bigdatamaybeexpectedtobehaveasabigpharmhasdone。Wearestillatthebeginningofthisrevolutionandsmallchoicesnowmayturnouttohavegiganticconsequenceslater。Alongstrugglewillbeneededtoavoidafutureofdigitalfeudalism。MsDenham‘sreportisawelcomestart。31.WhaistrueoftheagreementbetweentheNHSandDeepMind？[A]Itcausedconflictsamongtechgiants。[B]Itfailedtopaydueattentiontopatient’srights。[C]Itfellshortofthelatter‘sexpectations[D]Itputbothsidesintoadangeroussituation。32。TheNHStrustrespondedtoDenham‘sverdictwith[A]emptypromises。1/1[B]toughresistance。[C]necessaryadjustments。[D]sincereapologies。33.TheauthorarguesinParagraph2that[A]privacyprotectionmustbesecuredatallcosts。[B]leakingpatients‘dataisworsethansellingit。[C]makingprofitsfrompatients‘dataisillegal。[D]thevalueofdatacomesfromtheprocessingofit34.Accordingtothelastparagraph，therealworryarisingfromthisdealis[A]theviciousrivalryamongbigpharmas。[B]theineffectiveenforcementofprivacylaw。[C]theuncontrolleduseofnewsoftware。[D]themonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants。35.Theauthor‘sattitudetowardtheapplicationofAItohealthcareis[A]ambiguous。[B]cautious。[C]appreciative。[D]contemptuous。1/1Text4TheU.S。PostalService（USPS）continuestobleedredink。Itreportedanetlossof$5.6billionforfiscal2016，the10thstraightyearitsexpenseshaveexceededrevenue。Meanwhile，ithasmorethan$120billioninunfundedliabilities，mostlyforemployeehealthandretirementcosts。Therearemanybankruptcies。Fundamentally，theUSPSisinahistoricsqueezebetweentechnologicalchangethathaspermanentlydecreaseddemandforitsbread-and-butterproduct，first-classmail，andaregulatorystructurethatdeniesmanagementtheflexibilitytoadjustitsoperationstothenewrealityAndinterestgroupsrangingfrompostalunionstogreeting-cardmakersexertself-interestedpressureontheUSPS’sultimateoverseer-Congress-insistingthatwhateverelsehappenstothePostalService，aspectsofthestatusquotheydependongetprotected。Thisiswhyrepeatedattemptsatreformlegislationhavefailedinrecentyears，leavingthePostalServiceunabletopayitsbillsexceptbydeferringvitalmodernization。Nowcomeswordthateveryoneinvolved---Democrats，Republicans，thePostalService，theunionsandthesystem‘sheaviestusers—hasfinallyagreedonaplantofixthesystem。LegislationismovingthroughtheHousethatwouldsaveUSPSanestimated$28.6billionoverfiveyears，whichcouldhelppayfornewvehicles，amongothersurvivalmeasures。Mostofthemoneywouldcomefromapenny-per-letterpermanentrateincreaseandfromshiftingpostalretireesintoMedicare。Thelatterstepwouldlargelyoffsetthefinancialburdenofannuallypre-fundingretireehealthcare，thusaddressingalong-standingcomplaintbytheUSPSanditsunion。IfitclearstheHouse，thismeasurewouldstillhavetogetthroughtheSenate–wheresomeoneisboundtopointoutthatitamountstothebare，bareminimum1/1necessarytokeepthePostalServiceafloat，notcomprehensivereform。There’snochangetocollectivebargainingattheUSPS，amajoromissionconsideringthatpersonnelaccountsfor80percentoftheagency’scosts。AlsomissingisanydiscussionofeliminatingSaturdayletterdelivery。Thatcommon-sensechangeenjoyswidepublicsupportandwouldsavetheUSPS$2billionperyear。Butpostalspecial-interestgroupsseemtohavekilledit，atleastintheHouse。Theemergingconsensusaroundthebillisasignthatlegislatorsaregettingfrightenedaboutapoliticallyembarrassingshort-termcollapseattheUSPS。Itisnot，however，asignthatthey’regettingseriousabouttransformingthepostalsystemforthe21stcentury。36.ThefinancialproblemwiththeUSPSiscausedpartlyby[A]。itsunbalancedbudget。[B]。itsrigidmanagement。[C]。thecostfortechnicalupgrading。[D]。thewithdrawalofbanksupport。37。AccordingtoParagraph2，theUSPSfailstomodernizeitselfdueto[A]。theinterferencefrominterestgroups。[B]。theinadequatefundingfromCongress。[C]。theshrinkingdemandforpostalservice。[D]。theincompetenceofpostalunions。38.Thelong-standingcomplaintbytheUSPSanditsunionscanbeaddressedby1/1[A]。removingitsburdenofretireehealthcare。[B]。makingmoreinvestmentinnewvehicles。[C]。adoptinganewrate-increasemechanism。[D]。attractingmorefirst-classmailusers。39.Inthelastparagraph，theauthorseemstoviewlegislatorswith[A]respect。[B]tolerance。[C]discontent。[D]gratitude。40.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext？[A]。TheUSPSStartstoMissItsGoodOldDays[B]。ThePostalService：KeepAwayfromMyCheese[C]。TheUSPS：ChronicIllnessRequiresaQuickCure[D]。ThePostalServiceNeedsMorethanaBand-AidPartBDirections：Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder。ForQuestions41-45，youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes。ParagraphsCandF1/1havebeencorrectlyplaced。MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET。（10points）A。InDecemberof1869，CongressappointedacommissiontoselectasiteandprepareplansandcostestimatesforanewStateDepartmentBuilding。ThecommissionwasalsotoconsiderpossiblearrangementsfortheWarandNavyDepartments。TothehorrorofsomewhoexpectedaGreekRevivaltwinoftheTreasuryBuildingtobeerectedontheothersideoftheWhiteHouse，theelaborateFrenchSecondEmpirestyledesignbyAlfredMullettwasselected，andconstructionofabuildingtohouseallthreedepartmentsbeganinJuneof1871。B。Completedin1875，theStateDepartment‘ssouthwingwasthefirsttobeoccupied，withitselegantfour-storylibrary（completedin1876），DiplomaticReceptionRoom，andSecretary’sofficedecoratedwithcarvedwood，Orientalrugs，andstenciledwallpatterns。TheNavyDepartmentmovedintotheeastwingin1879，whereelaboratewallandceilingstencilingandmarquetryfloorsdecoratedtheofficeoftheSecretary。C。TheState，War，andNavyBuilding，asitwasoriginallyknown，housedthethreeExecutiveBranchDepartmentsmostintimatelyassociatedwithformulatingandconductingthenation‘sforeignpolicyinthelastquarterofthenineteenthcenturyandthefirstquarterofthetwentiethcentury-theperiodwhentheUnitedStatesemergedasaninternationalpower。Thebuildinghashousedsomeofthenation’smostsignificantdiplomatsandpoliticiansandhasbeenthesceneofmanyhistoricevents。D。ManyofthemostcelebratednationalfigureshaveparticipatedinhistoricaleventsthathavetakenplacewithintheEEOB‘sgranitewalls。TheodoreandFranklinD。Roosevelt，WilliamHowardTaft，DwightD。Eisenhower，LyndonB。Johnson，GeraldFord，andGeorgeH。W。Bushallhadofficesinthis1/1buildingbeforebecomingpresident。Ithashoused16SecretariesoftheNavy，21SecretariesofWar，and24SecretariesofState。WinstonChurchilloncewalkeditscorridorsandJapaneseemissariesmetherewithSecretaryofStateCordellHullafterthebombingofPearlHarbor。E。TheEisenhowerExecutiveOfficeBuilding（EEOB）commandsauniquepositioninboththenationalhistoryandthearchitecturalheritageoftheUnitedStates。DesignedbySupervisingArchitectoftheTreasury，AlfredB。Mullett，itwasbuiltfrom1871to1888tohousethegrowingstaffsoftheState，War，andNavyDepartments，andisconsideredoneofthebestexamplesofFrenchSecondEmpirearchitectureinthecountry。F。Constructiontook17yearsasthebuildingslowlyrosewingbywing。WhentheEEOBwasfinished，itwasthelargestofficebuildinginWashington，withnearly2milesofblackandwhitetiledcorridors。Almostalloftheinteriordetailisofcastironorplaster；theuseofwoodwasminimizedtoinsurefiresafety。Eightmonumentalcurvingstaircasesofgranitewithover4，000individuallycastbronzebalustersarecappedbyfourskylightdomesandtwostainedglassrotundas。G。ThehistoryoftheEEOBbeganlongbeforeitsfoundationswerelaid。Thefirstexecutiveofficeswereconstructedbetween1799and1820。Aseriesoffires（includingthosesetbytheBritishin1814）andovercrowdedconditionsledtotheconstructionoftheexistingTreasuryBuilding。In1866，theconstructionoftheNorthWingoftheTreasuryBuildingnecessitatedthedemolitionoftheStateDepartmentbuilding。41。àCà42。à43。àFà44à45。PartC1/1Directions：ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese。YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET。（10points）Shakespeare’slifetimewascoincidentwithaperiodofextraordinaryactivityandachievementinthedrama。BythedateofhisbirthEuropewaswitnessingthepassingofthereligiousdrama，andthecreationofnewformsundertheincentiveofclassicaltragedyandcomedy。Thesenewformswereatfirstmainlywrittenbyscholarsandperformedbyamateurs，butinEngland，aseverywhereelseinwesternEurope，thegrowthofaclassofprofessionalactorswasthreateningtomakethedramapopular，whetheritshouldbeneworold，classicalormedieval，literaryorfarcical。Court，schoolorganizationsofamateurs，andthetravelingactorswereallrivalsinsupplyingawidespreaddesirefordramaticentertainment；and（47）noboywhowentagrammarschoolcouldbeignorantthatthedramawasaformofliteraturewhichgaveglorytoGreeceandRomeandmightyetbringhonortoEngland。WhenShakespearewastwelveyearsold，thefirstpublicplayhousewasbuiltinLondon。Foratimeliteratureshowednointerestinthispublicstage。Playsaimingatliterarydistinctionwerewrittenforschoolorcourt，orforthechoirboysofSt。Paul’sandtheroyalchapel，who，however，gaveplaysinpublicaswellasatcourt。（48）buttheprofessionalcompaniesprosperedintheirpermanenttheaters，anduniversitymenwithliteratureambitionswerequicktoturntothesetheatersasofferingameansoflivelihood。BythetimeShakespearewastwenty-five，Lyly，Peele，andGreenehadmadecomediesthatwereatoncepopularandliterary；Kydhadwrittenatragedythatcrowdedthepit；andMarlowehadbroughtpoetryandgeniustotriumphonthecommonstage-wheretheyhadplayednopartsincethedeathofEuripides。（49）Anativeliterarydramahadbeen1/1created，itsalliancewiththepublicplayhousesestablished，andatleastsomeofitsgreattraditionshadbeenbegun。ThedevelopmentoftheElizabethandramaforthenexttwenty-fiveyearsisofexceptionalinteresttostudentsofliteraryhistory，forinthisbriefperiodwemaytracethebeginning，growth，blossoming，anddecayofmanykindsofplays，andofmanygreatcareers。Weareamazedtodayatthemerenumberofplaysproduced，aswellasbythenumberofdramatistswritingatthesametimeforthisLondonoftwohundredthousandinhabitants。（50）Torealizehowgreatwasthedramaticactivity，wemustrememberfurtherthathostsofplayshavebeenlost，andthatprobablythereisnoauthorofnotewhoseentireworkhassurvived。SectionIIIWritingPartA51。Directions：Writeanemailtoallinternationalexpertsoncampusinvitingthemtoattendthegraduationceremony。Inyouremailyoushouldincludetime，placeandotherrelevantinformationabouttheceremony。Youshouldwriteabout100wordsneatlyontheANSEWERSHEETDonotuseyourownnameattheendoftheemail。Use“LiMing”instead。（10points）PartB52。Directions：1/1Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthepicturebelow。Inyouressay，youshould2018年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語（一）試題答案詳解注意：英語試卷為花卷，以答案內(nèi)容進(jìn)行核對SectionIUseofEnglish1、[答案][B]for[解析]此處考察介詞的用法。it’sanecessarycondition____many個必要條件_____許多重要事情）此處應(yīng)B選項(xiàng)for正確答案；A選項(xiàng)from（來自C選項(xiàng)like（像。。。），D選項(xiàng)on（關(guān)于）語義不恰當(dāng)，故worthwhilethings（信任是一該是說，信任對許多重要事情來說是一個必要條件。（對。。。來說）符合語義，故為于），排除。2、[答案][C]faith[解析]此處考察詞義辨析和中心一致性原則。第一段首句提出主題trustisatrickybusiness（信任是一個奇怪的東西）。后面進(jìn)一步對該主題句進(jìn)行解釋說明：Ontheonehand，it’sanecessarycondition句：___for___manyworthwhilethings：childcare，friendships，etc。1/1（一方面，信任對許多重要事情來說是必要條件，比如照看孩子，友誼等），這句話在說信任的好處。Ontheotherhand，puttingyour___inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh____。（另一方面，把。。。放在錯誤的地方往往會帶來巨大。。。），顯然這句話依舊在解釋主題詞“trust”，只有C選項(xiàng)faith（信任、忠誠）與trust屬于近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故正確答案為[C]faith。3、[答案][B]price[解析]此處考察詞義辨析。第一段首句提出主題句：trustisatrickybusiness（信任是一個奇怪的東西）。后面進(jìn)一步對該主題句進(jìn)行解釋說明：Ontheonehand，it’sanecessarycondition__for__manyworthwhilethings：childcare，friendships，etc。（一方面，信任對許多重要事情來說是必要條件，比如照看孩子，友誼等），這句話在說信任的好處。Ontheotherhand，puttingyour___inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh____。（另一方面，把。。。放在錯誤的地方往往“trust”，并且根據(jù)“wrongplace”，本句應(yīng)該在說信任不當(dāng)?shù)谋讜砭薮?。。。），顯然這句話依舊在解釋主題詞空格所在句中的關(guān)鍵詞端，所以空格處應(yīng)該填入一個負(fù)向感情色彩的詞，故A選項(xiàng)benefit和D選項(xiàng)hope排除，而C選項(xiàng)debt（債務(wù)）帶入之后語義不當(dāng)，故正確答案為[B]price（代價）。4、[答案][D]Then1/1[解析]此處考察邏輯關(guān)系。上段講述的是信任的好處和信任不當(dāng)?shù)摹癬____我們?yōu)槭裁匆湃巍薄Ｖ挥蠨選項(xiàng)then（那么）填入后能形成順暢的語義和邏輯關(guān)系。故正確答案為Dthen（那么）。A選項(xiàng)again（再次）表示強(qiáng)調(diào)；B選項(xiàng)instead（但是、然而）表示C選項(xiàng)therefore（因此）表示結(jié)果，不符合要弊端。第二段段首提出問題：轉(zhuǎn)折；求，故排除。5、[答案][A]When[解析]此處考察邏輯關(guān)系?？崭袼诰浜x為：______人們信任一A選項(xiàng)whenA選項(xiàng)when。其B選項(xiàng)unless（如果不）表?xiàng)l件，C選項(xiàng)although（盡管）表讓步，D選項(xiàng)until（直到。。。）表通順，故排除。個人或一個組織機(jī)構(gòu)，他們的大腦會釋放催產(chǎn)素。只有（當(dāng)。。時候）填入后符合邏輯要求，故正確答案為他三個選項(xiàng)時間，帶入后均語義不6、[答案][C]produce[解析]此處考察動賓搭配問題。上文出指：Whenpeopleplacetheirtrustinan…theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin，ahormone。上文出指當(dāng)人們產(chǎn)生信任感，大腦就會產(chǎn)生一種荷爾蒙，后面是定語從句，句內(nèi)的動賓搭配，可推知這個荷爾蒙能產(chǎn)生令人愉悅的情緒，并且與后面的trigger同義復(fù)現(xiàn)，因此C。produce正確。7、[答案][A]connect1/1[解析]此處考察上下文信息照應(yīng)題。上文講到這種荷爾蒙能夠激發(fā)一種群居本能，theherdinginstinctthatleadssheeptoflocktogetherforsafetyandpromote…withoneanother，這種本能有兩個作用，并用and連接，所以復(fù)現(xiàn)同義and前面的flocktogether。因此選擇A。connect8、[答案][B]to[解析論，下文實(shí)驗(yàn)展開分析，hormoneputsus…。所以研究中要求受試者要先處于這種環(huán)境中，所以名詞exposureto構(gòu)成搭配語義關(guān)系，表示“接觸”的意思，因此選擇to。]此處考察上下語境下的名詞介詞搭配問題。根據(jù)上文的結(jié)Swissscientistshavefoundthatexposuretothis9、[答案][D]mood[解析會產(chǎn)生荷爾蒙，會給你帶來一種愉悅的情緒pleasurablefeelings，這個結(jié)論。實(shí)驗(yàn)中exposuretothishormoneputsusinatrusting…，因]此處考察上下文的信息對應(yīng)和句內(nèi)信息對應(yīng)。上文提到身體上文此，根據(jù)上下文，試驗(yàn)中，處于這種荷爾蒙環(huán)境中，會給人帶來情緒；語氣；心境；。因此選擇mood。10、[答案][A]counterparts[解析]此處考察上下文的信息對應(yīng)和句內(nèi)信息對應(yīng)。上文指出，Inastudy，researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects，1/1可推知本句再講與另外一組受試者比較。故選擇A。counterparts。相對物，相對應(yīng)的人。11、[答案][C]Lucky[解析]此處考察上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。因?yàn)檫@個句子當(dāng)中有個詞also，說明前文和后文情感是一致的關(guān)系。說我們有這兩種天賦，對大家來說都是好事，所以需要選擇一個正向的情感色彩。只能選擇lucky。A選