初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法八大時(shí)態(tài)

1、初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法八大時(shí)態(tài)第一課時(shí) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法1、 概述一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性、反復(fù)性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。“習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性、反復(fù)性”是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的三大特性，它不表示特定時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的事。二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)指的是動(dòng)詞的變化形式。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)間有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)，一種是動(dòng)詞原形，用于主語(yǔ)為非第三人稱(chēng)時(shí)的情況；另一種為動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式，用于主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)時(shí)的情況。Eg1.We often get up early in the morning.Eg2.My father often gets up early in the morning.三、談?wù)劇爸髡Z(yǔ)為三單，其后動(dòng)詞s添”在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

2、中，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式?？梢院?jiǎn)單敘述為“主語(yǔ)為三單，其后動(dòng)詞s添”。何謂第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)？用一句話(huà)概括就是“非你、非我、非復(fù)數(shù)”，如he, she, it, my father, my mother, my sister, our English teacher, Tom, Mike, Liu Jia, China, my book, etc.Eg3.He sometimes goes to school by bike.Eg4.My father works in the hospital as a doctor.四、動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)變化規(guī)則動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)變化的規(guī)

3、則與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)變化的規(guī)則相同。規(guī)則一、一般在詞尾加-s。如：looks, puts. reads, sees, skis等。規(guī)則二、以-o, -s, -x, -sh, -ch結(jié)尾的加-es。如：goes, does, misses, passes, mixes, fixes, pushes, wishes, watches, teaches,等。規(guī)則三、以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，變y為i，再加-es。注意一定是輔音字母加y才變，若是元音字母加y，則直接加-s。如：flyflies,trytries,fryfries,copycopiesbuybuys,enjoyenjoys,playplays,

4、saysays,paypays五、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句子轉(zhuǎn)換（1） 當(dāng)句子中有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則把be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can,could等等)提到主語(yǔ)的前面變成一般疑問(wèn)句;在be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加not變成否定句.例：陳述句：She is a student.一般疑問(wèn)句 Is she a student?否定句 She is not a student.陳述句：I can swim.一般疑問(wèn)句 Can you swim?否定句 I can not swim.（2） 當(dāng)句子中即沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞，也沒(méi)有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則在主語(yǔ)前加助動(dòng)詞do (you,以及復(fù)數(shù)), does（單數(shù)she,he,it）變成

5、一般疑問(wèn)句；在主語(yǔ)后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞dont（I,you,以及復(fù)數(shù)), doesnt（單數(shù)she,he,it）變成否定句，助動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞要變成動(dòng)詞原形。例：陳述句：We get up at 7:00 every morning.一般疑問(wèn)句Do you get up at 7:00 every morning?否定句We dont get up at 7:00 every morning.陳述句：She has a little brother.一般疑問(wèn)句 Does she have a little brother?否定句 She doesnt have a little brother.六

6、、練習(xí)鞏固1.寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的三單形式go_ catch_ brush（刷）_ wash_do_ like_ have_ watch_drink _ fly_ say_ learn _eat_ read_ sing_ _ buy_study_ stay _ make _ look _ pass_ carry _ come_plant(種植)_ teach_ buy_2.用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. We often_(play) in the playground.2. He _(get) up at six oclock.3._you_(brush) your teeth every mo

7、rning.4. What_ (do) he usually_ (do) after school?5.Danny_(study)English,Chinese,Maths,Science and Art at school.6. Mike sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister.7. At eight at night, she often_(watch) TV with his parents.8. _ Mike_(read) English every day?9.How many lessons_your classmate_(have)

8、 on Monday?10. What time_his mother_(do) the housework?3.選擇題( )1. I _to school at 7:00 in the morning.A. go B. going C. goes( )2. They _books every day in the library.A.reads B. read C. reading( )3. The monkey_ eating bananas very much.A.like B. likes C. liking( )4. My father _to read newspaper afte

9、r supper every day.A.like B. likes C. liking( )5. I like watching TV, but my mother _like it.A. dont B. doesnt C. does( )6. _ your father drink milk every day?A.do B. are C. does（ ）7. We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow.A. don't rain B. didn't rain C.doesn't rain D. isn't rain （）8. H

10、e said the sun _in the east and _in the west.A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets（）9.Wang Mei _ music and often _ to music.A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen（ ）10. Jenny_ English every evening.A has study B studies C study D studied一、單項(xiàng)填空。1. Anna a

11、 child?A.Does B. Do C. Is2. you usually to school on foot? A. Do, comes B. does, come C. Do, come3. she usually to school on foot? A. Do, comes B. does, come C. Do, come4. she home at six oclock every evening?A. Do, gets B. Does. get C.Do, get5. My mother like watcing TV, so she to bed very early ev

12、ery evening. A. doesnt ,go B.dont, go C. doesnt, goes6.Mr Green usually newspapers after supper every day. A. read B.reading C.reads二、用所給詞的正確形式填空1.We often_(play) in the playgound every day.2. What        (do) he usually      

13、; (do) after school?3. _ Mike_(read) English every day?4. The boy (sit) under the tree now.5. -What are you going to do? -I (paint) the bookcase.6. He (like) spring best.7. -Where the girl (come) from? -She from Beijing.8. We are . We come from (Chinese, China)9. Jim (not like) coffee, but he (

14、like) tea.10. Do you want (some) meat today?三、填入下列句子中所缺的單詞。1. Do you want apples oranges?2. - you come from? -I from Italy.3. - the boy from? -The boy from Shanghai.4. the weather like in winter in Beijing?5. seasons do you like best?6. What is the climate in that country?7. nationality you? Im Amer

15、ican.四、改寫(xiě)句子。1. She lives in a small city.    （改為一般疑問(wèn)句） 5. He watches TV every day. （改為否定句）4. They live in a small city.    （改為一般疑問(wèn)句） 5. Anna watches TV every day. （改為一般疑問(wèn)句）五、改錯(cuò)1. The dog is eatting bones.2. My brother like beef.3. They not

16、walking over the bridge.4. What are you do?5. She doesnt likes the winter.6. He is swiming across the river.7. It dont rain in winter.8. Do he come from England?9. I comes from China.10. The child crying.11. What are the child doing?六、用所給的詞語(yǔ)組成句子。1. she, does, like, steak, not, either . 2. weather, l

17、ike, the, what, today, is ? 3. weather, the, is, often, in, warm, the, of, south, couth, country, this .4. it, always, hot, is, summer, and, in, sometimes, rains, it . 5. Jim, is, comes, from, and, French, France, he . 第二課時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 一、巧記一般過(guò)去時(shí)：動(dòng)詞一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事；be用was或用were, have,has變had；謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式，過(guò)去時(shí)間作標(biāo)志；

18、一般動(dòng)詞加-ed，若是特殊得硬記。否定句很簡(jiǎn)單，主語(yǔ)之后didnt添； 疑問(wèn)句也不難，did放在主語(yǔ)前； 不含be動(dòng)詞時(shí)如果謂語(yǔ)之前有did，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需還原；動(dòng)詞若是was,were,否定就把not添。 含be動(dòng)詞時(shí)疑問(wèn)句也不難，要把was，were放在主語(yǔ)前。be的一般過(guò)去時(shí)：學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞be的一般過(guò)去時(shí)，下面有一口訣，be的過(guò)去時(shí)有四巧： 一是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)巧， 表示過(guò)去的短語(yǔ)要記牢； 二是形式巧，單數(shù)was，復(fù)數(shù)were； 三巧是否定句結(jié)構(gòu)，not緊跟waswere； 四是疑問(wèn)句式巧，waswere向前跑(提前)?！疽磺伞繒r(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（即標(biāo)志詞）巧。一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，恰巧 與表

19、示過(guò)去的一些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。1. yesterday或以其構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)：yesterday morning(afternoon, evening)等；2. 由“l(fā)ast+一時(shí)間名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)：last night, last year (winter, month, week)等；3. 由“時(shí)間段+ago”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)：a moment ago, a short time ago, an hour ago等；4. 其它：just now等5. 由某些表示過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的從句等?！径伞啃问角?。它與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一樣，形式多樣：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)單數(shù)或第三人稱(chēng)單 數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用was；主語(yǔ)是第二人稱(chēng)或其他人稱(chēng)

20、復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用were。 例如： I was in the classroom yesterday morning 昨天早上我在教室里。 He was at school last Tuesday 上周二他在學(xué)校。 They were over there a moment ago 剛才他們?cè)谀沁??！救伞糠穸ň浣Y(jié)構(gòu)巧。與動(dòng)詞be的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一樣，它在動(dòng)詞后面加not即可變成否定句，并且was, were與not可以縮寫(xiě)成wasn't, weren't。即： 主語(yǔ) wasn't weren't 表語(yǔ) 其他。例如： I was not (wasn't)

21、 here yesterday 昨天我不在這兒。 My parents were not (weren't) at home last Sunday上周日我父母不在家?！舅那伞?疑問(wèn)句式巧。把was, were提到句首，句末用問(wèn)號(hào)即可變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句。即： Was(Were) 主語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ) 其他？這恰巧與動(dòng)詞be的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的疑問(wèn)句式相似。例如： Were you at home the day before yesterday 前天你在家嗎？ Was she late this morning今天早上她遲到了嗎？ 疑問(wèn)句的答語(yǔ)也相似，肯定回答用“Yes, 主語(yǔ)waswere”； 否定回答

22、用“No,主語(yǔ)wasn'tweren't”。 例如：Were Wei Hua and Han Mei here just now 剛才魏華和韓梅在這兒?jiǎn)幔?Yes, they were (No, they weren't) 是的，她們?cè)?。（不，她們不在。?、 單項(xiàng)選擇： 從下列各題后所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳答案填空。(10)( )1 My fatherill yesterday A isn't B aren't C wasn't D weren't( )2 your parents at home last week A Is B Wa

23、s C Are D Were( )3 The twinsin Dalian last year Theyhere now A are; were B were; are C was; are D were; was( )4 your father at work the dayyesterday(前天） A Was; before B Is; before C Was; after D Is; after ( )5 Who was on duty last Friday A I am B I was C Yes, I was D No, I wasn't ( )6. I cleaned

24、 my classroom _. A with three hours B three hours ago C in three hours D three hours before( ) 7. I came _ my house two days ago . A back on B back to C to back D back( ) 8 . _? He did some reading at home. A What does your father do yesterday evening B What does your brother do in the school C What

25、 did your brother do over the weekend D Where did your brother go last Sunday( ) 9. What did you do _ ? I went to the movies. A next morning B over the weekend C in the weekend D next Monday( ) 10. The koala sleeps _，but gets up _. A during the day; at the evening B at day ;during night C in the day

26、 ;during the evening D during the day ; at night二、請(qǐng)用正確動(dòng)詞形式填空。(10)1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend.2. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _.3. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening? He _(watch) TV and _(read) an interesting book.4. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday mor

27、ning.5. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend. She _ (stay) at home and _(do) some cleaning.6. When _ you _(write) this song? I _(write) it last year.7. My friend, Carol, _(study) for the math test and _(practice) English last night.8. _ Mr. Li _(do) the project on Monday morning? Yes, he _.9. How

28、_(be) Jim's weekend? It _(be not) bad.10. _ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she _.三、翻譯下列句子(20)1. 我過(guò)了一個(gè)忙碌但卻刺激的周末。 I _ _ _ _ exciting weekend.2. Jenny喜歡看書(shū)。昨晚她看了一本英語(yǔ)書(shū)。 Jenny likes _ _. She _ an English book last night.3. Emma每天都看電視?？墒亲蛱焖麤](méi)有看。 Emma_ TV every day. But he _ _ _ yester

29、day.4. 上周六他們做什么了？他們做作業(yè)和購(gòu)物了。 What _ they _ _ Saturday? They _ _ homework and _ _.5. 今天早上方方得做飯，因?yàn)樗赣H不在家。 This morning Fangfang _ _ _ _ because his father _ _ _ yesterday. 6. 你還有什么要說(shuō)的？ What _ would you like _ _? 7. 放學(xué)別忘了向老師說(shuō)聲再見(jiàn)。 Dont forget _ _ _ _ the teacher. 8. 為什么你昨晚沒(méi)有看電視？ Why _ you _ TV last night

30、? 9. 他在打掃教室的時(shí)候，發(fā)現(xiàn)地上有塊表。 When he _ the classroom, he _ a watch on the ground. 10. 他什么時(shí)候出生的？1980年。 -When _ he _? -_ 1980. 四、改寫(xiě)句子：(20)1、Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句）Lucy _ _ her homework at home.2、He found some meat in the fridge（冰箱）.（變一般疑問(wèn)句) _ he _ _ meat in the fridge?3、There was some orange i

31、n the cup.（變一般疑問(wèn)句)_ there _ orange in the cup?4. Frank read an interesting book about history. （一般疑問(wèn)句） _ Frank _ an interesting book about history? 5. Why not go out for a walk? （同義句）_ _ _ out for a walk? 6. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book. （否定句） Thomas_ _RMB 10 on this book. 7. My family went to t

32、he beach last week. （劃線(xiàn)提問(wèn)） _ _ _ family _ last week? 8. I think she is Lilys sister. （否定句。注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移）_ 9. Sally often does some reading in the morning. （否定句） Sally _ often _ some reading in the morning. 10. He is a tall, thin boy. （劃線(xiàn)提問(wèn)） _ _ he _ _? 五、 改錯(cuò)題(20) 1How is Jane yesterday? _ 2He go to school

33、by bus last week. _ 3He often goes home at 6:00 last month. _ 4I can fly kites seven years ago. _ 5Did you saw him just now. _ 6Tom wasnt watch TV last night. _ 7I didnt my homework yesterday. _ 8He wait for you three hours ago. _ 9Who find it just now ? _10.What make him cry (哭) just now? _六、完形填空(1

34、0) Tom did not like doing his homework，because he liked to do some 1 things after schoolAnd his teacher always 2 a lot of mistakes in his homework Then one day，his maths teacher 3 at Toms homework and saw that he got all his answers rightHe was very 4 and surprised（驚奇）The next morning before class，h

35、e called Tom 5 his desk and 6 to him，“You got all your homework right this timeDid your father help you？”Sometimes Toms father helped him with his homework， 7 this time he didnt help Tom because he 8 at homeSo Tom answered，“NO，SirHe Was busy last night，so I 9 to do it 10 ” （ ）1Aothers Banother Cthe

36、other Dother （ ）2Amade Bfound Clooked at Dlooked （ ）3Alaughed Bknocked Clooked Dsaw （ ）4Aplease Bpleased Cpleasure Dsad （ ）5Ato Bfor Cin Dat （ ）6Atalked Basked Cspoke Dsaid （ ）7Aand Bbut Cso Dor （ ）8Aisnt Bwont be Cwasnt Dcant be （ ）9Awanted Bmustnt Cliked Dhad （ ）10Aitself Bof them Cmyself Dhimself

37、七寫(xiě)作(10)。 日記一則，字?jǐn)?shù)50-60。 記敘一天的活動(dòng)： 1早晨起床，吃飯，上學(xué)； 2上午的課程，并就其中一堂課進(jìn)行描述； 3午休的活動(dòng)； 4下午的課程及作業(yè)； 5. 晚上的安排。 _ 第三課時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：Am/is/ are+ v-ing是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式2. 動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則： 1）一般情況下，直接加ing，如：look - looking,   climb - climbing,      jump - jumping,play - playing,   go

38、- going ,           draw - drawing 2）以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing.(see的e是發(fā)音的，所以不能去掉，要直接加ing。see - seeing )如：make - making,     have - having,    ride - riding, write - writing,     drive - driving 3）如果末尾是一個(gè)元音

39、字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加ing.(但是open卻不屬于這規(guī)則，而是直接加ing， open-opening)如：run - running,    swim - swimming,   sit - sitting, cut-cutting,      hop - hopping,      get - getting.3現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be（am， is，are）+動(dòng)詞ing.be會(huì)隨著與不同的人稱(chēng)搭配而產(chǎn)生不同的

40、變化。如：I am playing football.                   You are watching TV.We are having a class.                  He is climbing tree

41、s.She is playing with her cat.             It is running in the park.They are going home. 口訣我用am， 你用are，Is 用在他，她，它，我們， 你們，他們?nèi)胊re。 4. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法表示說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作常和now連用，有時(shí)用一個(gè)動(dòng)詞如look（看）、listen（聽(tīng)）來(lái)表示now（現(xiàn)在）這一時(shí)間概念。 Look！A train is coming.看！火車(chē)來(lái)了 Lis

42、ten！He is playing the piano.聽(tīng)！他在彈鋼琴。表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作但不一定是說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行。常和at present（目前）、this week（本周）、these days（這幾天）等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 What lesson are you studying this week？你們本周學(xué)哪一課了？（說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)并不在學(xué)）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)可用來(lái)表示一個(gè)在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作即是說(shuō)可以用來(lái)代替將來(lái)時(shí)，但此時(shí)，一般要與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而且僅限于少量動(dòng)詞。如：go（去）、come（來(lái)）、leave（離開(kāi)）、start（開(kāi)始）、arrive（到達(dá)）、return

43、（返回）、sleep（睡覺(jué)）、 Are you going to Tianjing tomorrow？你明天去天津嗎？ How many of you are Coming to the party next week你們有多少人下周要來(lái)參加晚會(huì)？ be going to+動(dòng)詞原形這一句型表示即將發(fā)生的事或打算（準(zhǔn)備）做的事，我們把它歸在將來(lái)時(shí)里了。（詳見(jiàn)第十章將來(lái)時(shí)） she isn't going to speak at the meeting.她不打算在會(huì)議上發(fā)言。注意：如果沒(méi)有表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，此類(lèi)句子就可能指現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段的動(dòng)作。 Where are you going ne

44、xt week？ 下周你計(jì)劃去哪兒？用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)，因?yàn)橛衝ext week（下周）這一時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 Where are you going？你現(xiàn)在去哪兒？因?yàn)闆](méi)有表示將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以就按句型來(lái)翻譯，即現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作；而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示暫時(shí)性的動(dòng)作。 He walks to work.他步行上班。（習(xí)慣、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作） He's walking to work because his bike is being repaired.他現(xiàn)在走著上班，因?yàn)樗淖孕熊?chē)正在修理。（只是暫時(shí)的情況）Where does he live

45、？他家住在哪兒？（詢(xún)問(wèn)一般的情況）Where is he living（staying）？他這幾天住在哪兒？（詢(xún)問(wèn)暫時(shí)一段時(shí)間的情況）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)可用來(lái)代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表達(dá)說(shuō)話(huà)人的某種感惰，使句子有強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩。常與always，forever連用。 You are always forgetting the important thing.你總是把重要的事情忘掉。（表達(dá)出不滿(mǎn)的情緒）Mary is doing fine work at school.瑪麗在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)得挺不錯(cuò)。一、寫(xiě)出下例動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式1）give_2）use_3）move_4）skate_5）draw_6）tell_7

46、）ring_8）wear_9）get_10）put_11）hit_12）stop_13）keep_14）hurt_15）know_16）lie_17）die_18）begin_19）forget_20）save_21）close_22）see_23）carry_二、用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連寫(xiě)句子 1）Li Ping;learn;to;speak;English; 2）it;rain;now3）they;watch;a football match;on TV4）he;look;out of the window;5）look;the dog;sleep;6）listen;the ba

47、by;cry;7）they;have a meeting;at seven o'clock8）the students;prepare for;an English test;now;三、將下例句子改成一般疑問(wèn)句1）Mike is climbing the hill。 2）We are having an English lesson now。3）Li Ping is jumping like a monkey。4）The students are reading the text now。5）I am studying English。6）He is closing the window。四、對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)1）The baby is listening to the music。2）I am looking for a jacket for my son。3）She is smiling to herself in the mirror。4）The boys are visiting the history museum。5）The old man is sleeping right now。6）The children are listening to the te